Abstract
Species of Lippia Linnaeus (Verbenaceae) are rich in essential oils and have been subject of ethno- and pharmacological studies. Among several species, numerous publications mention “Lippia grandis” and its medicinal importance. However, this name is not validly published. Considering that accurate taxonomy and nomenclature are vital to reproducibility, lack of concern for both has undermined science. Therefore, we provide here a detailed discussion of the name “L. grandis” to avoid the impact of perpetuating an erroneous nomenclature. We performed a bibliographical search about “L. grandis” to carefully check how identifications were carried out, and whether or not vouchers were presented. We also analyzed herbarium collections and taxonomic literature of Lippia in order to recognize the correct identity of this plant. Unclear identification methods without citation of herbarium vouchers, and lack of taxonomic experts summarize problems related to this erroneous nomenclature. “Lippia grandis” is a nomen nudum with its authorship attributed to Schauer without any scientific rigor. This case clearly exemplifies a taxonomic error in cascade, and is particularly alarming considering the medicinal importance of this taxon. Plants previously treated as “L. grandis” are actually specimens of L. grata Schauer or L. origanoides Kunth, two morphologically similar species that are here further distinguished upon.
References
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bianchi, F.M. & Gonçalves, L.T. (2021) Getting science priorities straight: how to increase the reliability of specimen identification? <em>Biology Letters</em> 17: 20200874. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0874</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bortolus, A. (2008) Error cascades in the biological sciences: the unwanted consequences of using bad taxonomy in ecology. <em>AMBIO: A journal of the human environment</em> 37: 114–118. https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447(2008)37[114:ECITBS]2.0.CO;2</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Brito, F.N., Vendramin, F.S., Lopes, C.T.A., Costa, M.P.R., Ohashi, O.M., Maia, J.G.S., Ferreira, L.M., Silva, J.K.R. & Miranda, M.S. (2018) Proliferation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells stimulated by oil rich in thymol of <em>Lippia origanoides</em>. <em>Acta Cirurgica Brasileira</em> 33: 431–438. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-865020180050000005</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cardoso, P.H., Menini Neto, L., Trovó, M. & Salimena, F.R.G. (2020) Novelties on <em>Lippia </em>sect. <em>Goniostachyum</em> (Verbenaceae): a new variety from the Brazilian Cerrado and additional nomenclatural and taxonomic notes. <em>Phytotaxa </em>447: 283–288. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.447.4.6</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cardoso, P.H., O’Leary, N. & Salimena, F.R.G. (2018) Flora das cangas da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil: Verbenaceae. <em>Rodriguésia</em> 69: 1397–1403. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201869333</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cardoso, P.H., O’Leary, N., Olmstead, R.G., Moroni, P. & Thode, V. (2021) An update of the Verbenaceae genera and species numbers. <em>Plant Ecology and Evolution</em> 154: 80–86. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2021.1821</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cornara, L., Smeriglio, A., Frigerio, J., Labra, M., Di Gristina, E., Denaro, M., Mora, E. & Trombetta, D. (2018) The problem of misidentification between edible and poisonous wild plants: Reports from the Mediterranean area. <em>Food and Chemical Toxicology</em> 119: 112–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.066</span></span></span></p>
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