Abstract
Based on observations on both herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants in the wild, we demonstrate that the Chinese species Artemisia neosinensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) has been strikingly misunderstood by previous authors and its geographical range has been wrongly largely extended. All the non-type specimens cited under this species by them belong to misidentifications, whereas the specimens of true A. neosinensis have been wrongly referred to other species. This species is characterized by having 1-pinnatisect, adaxially tomentose, abaxially arachnoid-tomentose leaves with ovate-acuminate or ovate lobules of segments, and campanulate capitula with abaxially arachnoid-tomentose phyllaries. It is distributed only in western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan, not in Gansu, Qinghai and Xizang. The syntypes of A. strongylocephala var. sinensis f. virgata, a synonym of A. neosinensis, include two taxa, A. neosinensis and A. tangutica var. tomentosa. Lectotypification is thus proposed for A. strongylocephala var. sinensis f. virgata.
References
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Besser, W.S. (1832) Tentamen de Abrotanis seu de sectione II-da Artemisiarum Linnaei. Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 3: 3–89.
Besser, W.S. (1834) De Seriphidiis seu de sectione III<sup>a</sup> Artemisiarum Linnaeai, dissertation botanica. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 7: 5–46.
Besser, W.S. (1836) Supplementum ad synopsin Absinthiorum, tentamen de Abrotanis, dissertationem de Seriphidiis atque de Dracunculis. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 9: 1–115.
Besser, W.S. (1841) Revisio Artemisiarum music regii Berolinensis, cujus partem constituit Herbarium Willdenowianum Instituta. Linnaea 15: 83–111.
Candolle, A.P. de (1838) Artemisia L. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, vol. 6. Treuttel & Würtz, Paris, pp. 93–127.
Clarke, C.B. (1876) Compositae Indicae. Thacker, Spink and Co., Calcutta, 347 pp.
Grierson, A.J.C. & Springate, L.S. (2001) Artemisia L. In: Springate, L.S. (Ed.) Flora of Bhutan, vol. 3 (2). Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh & Royal Government of Bhutan, pp. 1554–1565.
Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1936) Artemisia L. In: Symbolae Sinicae, vol. 7. Julius Springer, Wien, pp. 1114–1116.
Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1938) Plantae sinenses a Dre. H. Smith annis 1912–22 et 1924 lectae. XXXII. Compositae 2. (ausgenommen Vernonia, Adenostemma, Tussilago, Cirsium, Gerbera, Myripnois, Taraxacum und Hieracium). Acta Horti Gothoburgensis 12: 203–360.
Hayata, B. (1919) Icones Plantarum Formosanarum, vol. 8. Bureau of Productive Industries, Taihoku, 164 pp.
Hooker, J.D. (1881) Artemisia Linn. In: Hooker, J.D. (Ed.) The Flora of British India, vol. 3. L. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 321–330.
Hu, S.Y. (1965) The Compositae of China (II). Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum 18: 233–334.
Jiao, B.H., Zhang, G.J., Fu, Z.X., Song, L. & Gao, T.G. (2016) Artemisia neosinensis, a new name for Artemisia sinensis (Anthemideae, Asteraceae). Phytotaxa 267: 89–90. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.267.1.10
Kitamura, S. (1943) Compositae Manshuricae, Mongolicae, Chinae borealiumque I. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 12: 125–154.
Lamotte, M. (1877) Recherches sur une nouvelle espèce du genre Artemisia. Compte-Rendu de l’Association Française pour l’Avancement des Sciences, Paris (Compte-Rendu de la 5<sup>me</sup> Session. Clermont-Ferrand, 1876) 5: 511–513.
Ling, Y.R. (1980) Taxa nova generum Artemisiae et Seriphidii xizangensis. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 18: 504–513.
Ling, Y.R. (1984) Materiae novae generis Artemisiae Chinensis (I). Bulletin of Botanical Research (Harbin) 4 (2): 14–34.
Ling, Y.R. (1985) Artemisia L. In: Wu, Z.Y. (Ed.) Flora Xizangica, vol. 4. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 742–793.
Ling, Y.R. (1988) The Chinese Artemisia Linn. –– the classification, distribution and application of Artemisia Linn. in China. Bulletin of Botanical Research (Harbin) 8 (4): 1–61.
Ling, Y.R. (1991) Artemisia L. In: Ling, Y. & Ling, Y.R. (Eds.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, vol. 76 (2). Science Press, Beijing, pp. 1–253.
Ling, Y.R. (1994) Artemisia Linn. In: Wang, W.T. (Ed.) Vascular Plants of the Hengduan Mountains, vol. 2. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 2043–2057.
Ling, Y.R. (2004) Artemisia L. In: Wu, Z.Y. (Ed.) Flora Yunnanica, vol. 13. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 318–359.
Ling, Y.R., Humphries, C.J. & Gilbert, M.G. (2011) Artemisia Linnaeus. In: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) Flora of China, vols. 20–21. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 676–737.
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 1200 pp.
Liu, S.W. (1996) Artemisia L. In: Ho, T.N. & Liu, S.W. (Eds.) Flora Qinghaica (“Qinghaiica”), vol. 3. Qinghai People’s Publishing House, Xining, pp. 376–408.
Mattfeld, J. (1926) Die von Dr. Harry Smith in den Jahren 1921 bis 1922 in China gesammelten Artemisien. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 22: 241–249. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19260221305
Naithani, B.D. (1995) Artemisia L. In: Hajra, P.K., Rao, R.R., Singh, D.K. & Uniyal, B.P. (Eds.) Flora of India, vol. 12. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 8–47.
Nakai, T. (1917) Notulae and plantas Japoniae et Koreae. XIV. Botanical Magazine (Tokyo) 31 (364): 97–112. https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.31.en97
Pampanini, R. (1927) Quarto contributo alla conoscenza dell’ “Artemisia verlotorum„ Lamotte. Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano (Nuova serie) 34: 171–181.
Pampanini, R. (1929) Materiali per lo studio delle Artemisie asiatiche (II). Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano (Nuova serie) 36: 375–388.
Pampanini, R. (1930) Quinto contributo alla conoscenza dell’ “Artemisia verlotorum„ Lamotte. Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano (Nuova serie) 36: 395–547. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263503009439746
Pampanini, R. (1939) Materiali per lo studio delle Artemisie asiatiche (IV). Nuovo Gionale Botanico Italiano (Nouva serie) 46: 551–599. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263503909440577
Polunin, O. & Stainton, A. (1984) Flowers of the Himalaya. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 580 pp.
Pursh, F. (1813) Flora Americae Septentrionalis, vol. 2. White, Cochrane, And Co, London, pp. 359–751.
Stewart, R.R. (1972) An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of west Pakistan and Kashmir. In: Nasir, E & Ali, S.I. (Eds.) Flora of Pakistan, Fakhri Printing Press, Karachi, pp. 1–1028.
Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code). Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
Wei, Y. (2012) Artemisia Linn. In: Wu, Y.H. (Ed.) Flora Kunlunica, vol. 3. Chongqing Publishing House, Chongqing, pp. 630–685.
Wu, Y.H. (2008) The Vascular Plants and their Eco-Geographical Distribution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Science Press, Beijing, 1369 pp.
Willdenow, C.L. (1804) Species Plantarum, vol. 3. G.C. Nauk, Berlin, pp. 1477–2409.
Yonekura, K. (2008) Artemisia L. In: Ohba, H., Iokawa, Y. & Sharma, L.R. (Eds.) Flora of Mustang, Nepal. Kodansha Scientific LTD., Tokyo, pp. 336–348.
Besser, W.S. (1832) Tentamen de Abrotanis seu de sectione II-da Artemisiarum Linnaei. Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 3: 3–89.
Besser, W.S. (1834) De Seriphidiis seu de sectione III<sup>a</sup> Artemisiarum Linnaeai, dissertation botanica. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 7: 5–46.
Besser, W.S. (1836) Supplementum ad synopsin Absinthiorum, tentamen de Abrotanis, dissertationem de Seriphidiis atque de Dracunculis. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 9: 1–115.
Besser, W.S. (1841) Revisio Artemisiarum music regii Berolinensis, cujus partem constituit Herbarium Willdenowianum Instituta. Linnaea 15: 83–111.
Candolle, A.P. de (1838) Artemisia L. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, vol. 6. Treuttel & Würtz, Paris, pp. 93–127.
Clarke, C.B. (1876) Compositae Indicae. Thacker, Spink and Co., Calcutta, 347 pp.
Grierson, A.J.C. & Springate, L.S. (2001) Artemisia L. In: Springate, L.S. (Ed.) Flora of Bhutan, vol. 3 (2). Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh & Royal Government of Bhutan, pp. 1554–1565.
Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1936) Artemisia L. In: Symbolae Sinicae, vol. 7. Julius Springer, Wien, pp. 1114–1116.
Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1938) Plantae sinenses a Dre. H. Smith annis 1912–22 et 1924 lectae. XXXII. Compositae 2. (ausgenommen Vernonia, Adenostemma, Tussilago, Cirsium, Gerbera, Myripnois, Taraxacum und Hieracium). Acta Horti Gothoburgensis 12: 203–360.
Hayata, B. (1919) Icones Plantarum Formosanarum, vol. 8. Bureau of Productive Industries, Taihoku, 164 pp.
Hooker, J.D. (1881) Artemisia Linn. In: Hooker, J.D. (Ed.) The Flora of British India, vol. 3. L. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 321–330.
Hu, S.Y. (1965) The Compositae of China (II). Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum 18: 233–334.
Jiao, B.H., Zhang, G.J., Fu, Z.X., Song, L. & Gao, T.G. (2016) Artemisia neosinensis, a new name for Artemisia sinensis (Anthemideae, Asteraceae). Phytotaxa 267: 89–90. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.267.1.10
Kitamura, S. (1943) Compositae Manshuricae, Mongolicae, Chinae borealiumque I. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 12: 125–154.
Lamotte, M. (1877) Recherches sur une nouvelle espèce du genre Artemisia. Compte-Rendu de l’Association Française pour l’Avancement des Sciences, Paris (Compte-Rendu de la 5<sup>me</sup> Session. Clermont-Ferrand, 1876) 5: 511–513.
Ling, Y.R. (1980) Taxa nova generum Artemisiae et Seriphidii xizangensis. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 18: 504–513.
Ling, Y.R. (1984) Materiae novae generis Artemisiae Chinensis (I). Bulletin of Botanical Research (Harbin) 4 (2): 14–34.
Ling, Y.R. (1985) Artemisia L. In: Wu, Z.Y. (Ed.) Flora Xizangica, vol. 4. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 742–793.
Ling, Y.R. (1988) The Chinese Artemisia Linn. –– the classification, distribution and application of Artemisia Linn. in China. Bulletin of Botanical Research (Harbin) 8 (4): 1–61.
Ling, Y.R. (1991) Artemisia L. In: Ling, Y. & Ling, Y.R. (Eds.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, vol. 76 (2). Science Press, Beijing, pp. 1–253.
Ling, Y.R. (1994) Artemisia Linn. In: Wang, W.T. (Ed.) Vascular Plants of the Hengduan Mountains, vol. 2. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 2043–2057.
Ling, Y.R. (2004) Artemisia L. In: Wu, Z.Y. (Ed.) Flora Yunnanica, vol. 13. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 318–359.
Ling, Y.R., Humphries, C.J. & Gilbert, M.G. (2011) Artemisia Linnaeus. In: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) Flora of China, vols. 20–21. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 676–737.
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 1200 pp.
Liu, S.W. (1996) Artemisia L. In: Ho, T.N. & Liu, S.W. (Eds.) Flora Qinghaica (“Qinghaiica”), vol. 3. Qinghai People’s Publishing House, Xining, pp. 376–408.
Mattfeld, J. (1926) Die von Dr. Harry Smith in den Jahren 1921 bis 1922 in China gesammelten Artemisien. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 22: 241–249. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19260221305
Naithani, B.D. (1995) Artemisia L. In: Hajra, P.K., Rao, R.R., Singh, D.K. & Uniyal, B.P. (Eds.) Flora of India, vol. 12. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 8–47.
Nakai, T. (1917) Notulae and plantas Japoniae et Koreae. XIV. Botanical Magazine (Tokyo) 31 (364): 97–112. https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.31.en97
Pampanini, R. (1927) Quarto contributo alla conoscenza dell’ “Artemisia verlotorum„ Lamotte. Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano (Nuova serie) 34: 171–181.
Pampanini, R. (1929) Materiali per lo studio delle Artemisie asiatiche (II). Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano (Nuova serie) 36: 375–388.
Pampanini, R. (1930) Quinto contributo alla conoscenza dell’ “Artemisia verlotorum„ Lamotte. Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano (Nuova serie) 36: 395–547. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263503009439746
Pampanini, R. (1939) Materiali per lo studio delle Artemisie asiatiche (IV). Nuovo Gionale Botanico Italiano (Nouva serie) 46: 551–599. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263503909440577
Polunin, O. & Stainton, A. (1984) Flowers of the Himalaya. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 580 pp.
Pursh, F. (1813) Flora Americae Septentrionalis, vol. 2. White, Cochrane, And Co, London, pp. 359–751.
Stewart, R.R. (1972) An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of west Pakistan and Kashmir. In: Nasir, E & Ali, S.I. (Eds.) Flora of Pakistan, Fakhri Printing Press, Karachi, pp. 1–1028.
Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code). Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
Wei, Y. (2012) Artemisia Linn. In: Wu, Y.H. (Ed.) Flora Kunlunica, vol. 3. Chongqing Publishing House, Chongqing, pp. 630–685.
Wu, Y.H. (2008) The Vascular Plants and their Eco-Geographical Distribution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Science Press, Beijing, 1369 pp.
Willdenow, C.L. (1804) Species Plantarum, vol. 3. G.C. Nauk, Berlin, pp. 1477–2409.
Yonekura, K. (2008) Artemisia L. In: Ohba, H., Iokawa, Y. & Sharma, L.R. (Eds.) Flora of Mustang, Nepal. Kodansha Scientific LTD., Tokyo, pp. 336–348.