Abstract
A new species, Muscari muglaensis Eker, H.Duman & Yıldırım sp. nov. (Asparagaceae) from Turkey, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to M. weissii, M. comosum, M. cycladicum and M. elmasii, but differs mainly by its large bulbs and fruit structure from M. weissii and M. comosum, and long pedicels of fertile flowers and transversely growing raceme in fruit from M. cycladicum and M. elmasii. In this study, a comprehensive description, diagnostic characters, original photographs, detailed illustration, geographical distribution, conservation assessment, identification key, observations, and taxonomic comments on the new species are presented.
References
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Çilden, E., Y?ld?r?ml?, ?. (2017) Reseda anatolica, a new status for Reseda inodora var. anatolica (Resedaceae), and Bellevalia sirnakense (Hyacinthaceae), a new combination from Turkey. Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 24: 37–44.
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Davis, P.H., Mill, R. & Tan, K. (1988) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 10. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 225–226.
Demirci, S., Özhatay, N. & Koçyi?it, M. (2013) Muscari erdalii (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from Southern Turkey. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 38–46.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.2">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.2</a>
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<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.399.2.1">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.399.2.1</a>
Do?u, S. & Uysal, T. (2019) Muscari savranii (Asparagaceae), a new species from Central Anatolia, Turkey. Phytotaxa 402 (3): 155–164.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.402.3.3">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.402.3.3</a>
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Eker, ?. (2019a) Muscari fatmacereniae (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from southern Anatolia. Phytotaxa 397 (1): 99–106.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.397.1.10">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.397.1.10</a>
Eker, ?. (2019b) Muscari pamiryigidii (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from northwestern Anatolia. Phytotaxa 408 (4): 255–266.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.408.4.2">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.408.4.2</a>
Eker, ?., Y?ld?r?m, H. & Arma?an, M. (2019) Türkiye Floras? için yeni bir mü?kürüm kayd?: Muscari pallens (A new grape hyacinth record for the Flora of Turkey: Muscari pallens). Ba?bahçe Bilim Dergisi 6: 45–53.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.35163/bagbahce.559583">https://doi.org/10.35163/bagbahce.559583</a>
Ero?lu, H. & P?nar, S.M. (2019) The taxonomic resurrection of Muscari haradjianii (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), and a new synonym in the genus Muscari in Turkey. Phytotaxa 418 (1): 97–106.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.418.1.6">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.418.1.6</a>
Ero?lu, H., P?nar, S.M. & Fidan M. (2019) Muscari sabihapinari sp. nov. (Asparagaceae) from Anatolia, Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany 37 (11). [Published Online]
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.02514">https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.02514</a>
Freyn, J.F. (1878) Muscari (Bellevalia, Leopoldia) weissii n.sp. Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 3: 87–88.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01627126">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01627126</a>
Garbari, F. & Greuter, W. (1970) On the taxonomy and typification of Muscari Miller (Liliaceae) and allied genera, and on the typification of generic names. Taxon 19: 329–335.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/1219056">https://doi.org/10.2307/1219056</a>
IUCN (2019) Red List Guidance Documents - IUCN standards and petitions subcommittee. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Available from: <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">http://www.iucnredlist.org/</a> (accessed 11 January 2020)
Karlén, T. (1987) Muscari sandrasicum (Liliaceae), a new species from Turkey. Willdenowia 16: 375–382.
Kaya, E. (2014) Muscari commutatum Guss. In: Kaya, E. (Ed.) Türkiye Geofitleri 2. Furkan Ofset, Yalova, pp. 376.
Kubitzki, K. (1998) The families and genera of vascular plants III: Flowering Plants-monocotyledons Lilianae (except Orchidaceae). Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, 478 pp.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03531-3">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03531-3</a>
Lapeyrouse, P.P. de (1808) Nouveau genre de plante de la famille des Liliacées. Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d’Histoire Naturelle et des Arts 67: 425–427.
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum, Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 560 pp.
Lozina-Lozinskaya, A.S. (1968) Muscari Mill. In: Komarov V.L. (Ed.) Flora of the U.S.S.R. IV. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, pp. 316–324.
Menemen, Y., Aytaç, Z. & Kandemir, A. (2016) Türkçe Bilimsel Bitki Adland?rma Yönergesi. Ba?bahçe Bilim Dergisi 3 (3): 1–3.
Miller, P. (1754) The Gardeners Dictionary, Ed. 4. London, 926 pp.
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Özhatay, N. (2000) Muscari Mill. In: Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T. & Ba?er K.H.C. (Eds.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 11. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 237–240.
Parlatore, F. (1845) Flora Palermitana ossia Descrizione delle Piante che Crescono Spontanee nella Valle di Palermo. Per La Societa Tipografica, vol 1. Firenze, 442 pp.
P?nar, M.P., Fidan, M. & Ero?lu, H. (2018) Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill.: A new record for the family Asparagaceae from Turkey. Türkiye Tar?msal Ara?t?rmalar Dergisi 5: 116–119.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.368374">https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.368374</a>
Pirhan, A.F., Y?ld?r?m, H. & Alt?o?lu, Y. (2014 publ. 2015) Muscari serpentinicum sp. nova (Asparagaceae): a new species from western Anatolia, Turkey. Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 21: 1–14.
Post, G.E. & Dinsmore, J.E. (1933) Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai 2. American Press, Beirut, pp. 647–650.
Rechinger, K.H. (1960) Zur flora von Syrien, Libanon und den angrenzenden Türkischen gebieten. Reliquiae Samuelssonianae VI. Arkiv för Botanik 5: 1–488.
Rechinger, K. (1990) Liliaceae II. In: Browicz, K.H., Persson, K. & Wendelbo, P. (Eds.) Flora Iranica 165. Verlagsanstatt, Austria: Akademic Druck. U., Graz, pp. 140–148.
Stuart, D.C. (1985) Muscari Mill. In: Townsend, C.C. & Guest, E. (Eds.) Flora of Iraq 8. Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Baghdad, pp. 126–135.
Sweet, R. (1827) The British Flower Garden, Vol. 3. London, t. 210.
Thiers, B. (2020 [continuously updated]) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: <a href="http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/">http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/</a> (accessed 12 January 2020)
WCSP (2020) World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: <a href="http://wcsp.science.kew.org/">http://wcsp.science.kew.org/</a> (accessed 22 April 2020)
Y?ld?r?m, H. (2015) Muscari atillae sp. nova (Asparagaceae): a new species from eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Phytotaxa 213 (3): 291–295.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.213.3.9">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.213.3.9</a>
Y?ld?r?m, H. (2016) Muscari elmasii sp. nova (Asparagaceae): a new species from western Anatolia, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 40: 380–387.
Y?ld?r?ml?, ?. (2010) Some new taxa, records and taxonomic treatments from Turkey. Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 17 (2): 1–114.
Y?ld?r?ml?, ?. & K?l?ç, Ö. (2019) A new species of Muscari Mill. (Asparagaceae/Liliaceae), M. nazimiyensis from Tunceli, Turkey. Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 26: 13–16.
Çilden, E., Y?ld?r?ml?, ?. (2017) Reseda anatolica, a new status for Reseda inodora var. anatolica (Resedaceae), and Bellevalia sirnakense (Hyacinthaceae), a new combination from Turkey. Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 24: 37–44.
Davis, P.H. & Stuart, D.C. (1966) Three new species of Muscari. Lily Year-Book 30: 123–125.
Davis, P.H. & Stuart, D.C. (1980) Muscari Mill. In: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H. & Valentine, D.H. (Eds.) Flora Europaea 5. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 46–49.
Davis, P.H. & Stuart, D.C. (1984) Muscari Mill. In: Davis, P.H. (Ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 8. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 245–263.
Davis, P.H., Mill, R. & Tan, K. (1988) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 10. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 225–226.
Demirci, S., Özhatay, N. & Koçyi?it, M. (2013) Muscari erdalii (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from Southern Turkey. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 38–46.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.2">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.2</a>
Demirci, S., Özhatay, N., Gürdal, B. & Kaya, E. (2014) Türkiye geofit floras?na katk?lar (Contributions to the Turkish geophyte flora). In: Kaya, E. (Ed.) Türkiye Geofitleri 3. Furkan Ofset, Yalova, pp. 543–552.
Demirci Kay?ran, S., Özhatay, N. & Kaya, E. (2019) Muscari tauricum (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from Turkey. Phytotaxa 399 (2): 109–118.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.399.2.1">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.399.2.1</a>
Do?u, S. & Uysal, T. (2019) Muscari savranii (Asparagaceae), a new species from Central Anatolia, Turkey. Phytotaxa 402 (3): 155–164.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.402.3.3">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.402.3.3</a>
Eker, ?. (2012) Muscari Mill. In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (Eds.) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarl? Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyi?it Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Ara?t?rmalar? Derne?i Yay?n?, Istanbul, pp. 98–100.
Eker, ?. (2019a) Muscari fatmacereniae (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from southern Anatolia. Phytotaxa 397 (1): 99–106.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.397.1.10">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.397.1.10</a>
Eker, ?. (2019b) Muscari pamiryigidii (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from northwestern Anatolia. Phytotaxa 408 (4): 255–266.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.408.4.2">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.408.4.2</a>
Eker, ?., Y?ld?r?m, H. & Arma?an, M. (2019) Türkiye Floras? için yeni bir mü?kürüm kayd?: Muscari pallens (A new grape hyacinth record for the Flora of Turkey: Muscari pallens). Ba?bahçe Bilim Dergisi 6: 45–53.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.35163/bagbahce.559583">https://doi.org/10.35163/bagbahce.559583</a>
Ero?lu, H. & P?nar, S.M. (2019) The taxonomic resurrection of Muscari haradjianii (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), and a new synonym in the genus Muscari in Turkey. Phytotaxa 418 (1): 97–106.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.418.1.6">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.418.1.6</a>
Ero?lu, H., P?nar, S.M. & Fidan M. (2019) Muscari sabihapinari sp. nov. (Asparagaceae) from Anatolia, Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany 37 (11). [Published Online]
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.02514">https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.02514</a>
Freyn, J.F. (1878) Muscari (Bellevalia, Leopoldia) weissii n.sp. Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 3: 87–88.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01627126">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01627126</a>
Garbari, F. & Greuter, W. (1970) On the taxonomy and typification of Muscari Miller (Liliaceae) and allied genera, and on the typification of generic names. Taxon 19: 329–335.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/1219056">https://doi.org/10.2307/1219056</a>
IUCN (2019) Red List Guidance Documents - IUCN standards and petitions subcommittee. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Available from: <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">http://www.iucnredlist.org/</a> (accessed 11 January 2020)
Karlén, T. (1987) Muscari sandrasicum (Liliaceae), a new species from Turkey. Willdenowia 16: 375–382.
Kaya, E. (2014) Muscari commutatum Guss. In: Kaya, E. (Ed.) Türkiye Geofitleri 2. Furkan Ofset, Yalova, pp. 376.
Kubitzki, K. (1998) The families and genera of vascular plants III: Flowering Plants-monocotyledons Lilianae (except Orchidaceae). Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, 478 pp.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03531-3">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03531-3</a>
Lapeyrouse, P.P. de (1808) Nouveau genre de plante de la famille des Liliacées. Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d’Histoire Naturelle et des Arts 67: 425–427.
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum, Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 560 pp.
Lozina-Lozinskaya, A.S. (1968) Muscari Mill. In: Komarov V.L. (Ed.) Flora of the U.S.S.R. IV. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, pp. 316–324.
Menemen, Y., Aytaç, Z. & Kandemir, A. (2016) Türkçe Bilimsel Bitki Adland?rma Yönergesi. Ba?bahçe Bilim Dergisi 3 (3): 1–3.
Miller, P. (1754) The Gardeners Dictionary, Ed. 4. London, 926 pp.
Miller, P. (1768) The Gardeners Dictionary, Ed. 8, vol. 2. London. [unpaged]
Özhatay, N. (2000) Muscari Mill. In: Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T. & Ba?er K.H.C. (Eds.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 11. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 237–240.
Parlatore, F. (1845) Flora Palermitana ossia Descrizione delle Piante che Crescono Spontanee nella Valle di Palermo. Per La Societa Tipografica, vol 1. Firenze, 442 pp.
P?nar, M.P., Fidan, M. & Ero?lu, H. (2018) Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill.: A new record for the family Asparagaceae from Turkey. Türkiye Tar?msal Ara?t?rmalar Dergisi 5: 116–119.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.368374">https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.368374</a>
Pirhan, A.F., Y?ld?r?m, H. & Alt?o?lu, Y. (2014 publ. 2015) Muscari serpentinicum sp. nova (Asparagaceae): a new species from western Anatolia, Turkey. Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 21: 1–14.
Post, G.E. & Dinsmore, J.E. (1933) Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai 2. American Press, Beirut, pp. 647–650.
Rechinger, K.H. (1960) Zur flora von Syrien, Libanon und den angrenzenden Türkischen gebieten. Reliquiae Samuelssonianae VI. Arkiv för Botanik 5: 1–488.
Rechinger, K. (1990) Liliaceae II. In: Browicz, K.H., Persson, K. & Wendelbo, P. (Eds.) Flora Iranica 165. Verlagsanstatt, Austria: Akademic Druck. U., Graz, pp. 140–148.
Stuart, D.C. (1985) Muscari Mill. In: Townsend, C.C. & Guest, E. (Eds.) Flora of Iraq 8. Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Baghdad, pp. 126–135.
Sweet, R. (1827) The British Flower Garden, Vol. 3. London, t. 210.
Thiers, B. (2020 [continuously updated]) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: <a href="http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/">http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/</a> (accessed 12 January 2020)
WCSP (2020) World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: <a href="http://wcsp.science.kew.org/">http://wcsp.science.kew.org/</a> (accessed 22 April 2020)
Y?ld?r?m, H. (2015) Muscari atillae sp. nova (Asparagaceae): a new species from eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Phytotaxa 213 (3): 291–295.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.213.3.9">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.213.3.9</a>
Y?ld?r?m, H. (2016) Muscari elmasii sp. nova (Asparagaceae): a new species from western Anatolia, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 40: 380–387.
Y?ld?r?ml?, ?. (2010) Some new taxa, records and taxonomic treatments from Turkey. Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 17 (2): 1–114.
Y?ld?r?ml?, ?. & K?l?ç, Ö. (2019) A new species of Muscari Mill. (Asparagaceae/Liliaceae), M. nazimiyensis from Tunceli, Turkey. Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 26: 13–16.