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Issue: Vol. 781 No. 2: 21 Oct. 2026
Type: Article
Published: 2026-10-21
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.781.2.4
Page range: 137-150
Abstract views: 20
PDF downloaded: 1

Infrageneric nothotaxa recognised in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae] tr. Kalanchoeae): new names published at the ranks of nothosubgenus, nothosection, and nothoseries

Ria Olivier Herbarium; Department of Botany; Nelson Mandela University; P.O. Box 77000; Gqeberha; 6031 South Africa
Eudicots economic importance hybrids infrageneric classification International Code of Nomenclature for algae fungi and plants valid publication

Abstract

As part of ongoing studies in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae] tr. Kalanchoeae), evidence-based names are published for 12 new infrageneric nothotaxa, at the ranks of nothosubgenus (three), nothosection (one), and nothoseries (eight). The new names are discussed with reference to, especially, Articles H.3, H.5, H.7, and H.9 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants.

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  57. Smith, G.F. (2023e) Kalanchoe sect. Streptanthae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new two-species section in K. subg. Bryophyllum. Phytotaxa 609 (4): 273–281. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.609.4.3
  58. Smith, G.F. (2024a) A review and analysis of the infrageneric classifications published or used for Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) from 2001 to the present, with reference to those published up to 2000. Phytotaxa 635 (4): 245–275. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.635.4.1
  59. Smith, G.F. (2024b) Expanding and subdividing the southern and south-tropical African Kalanchoe [subg. Kalanchoe] sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): description of K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Raveta, K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Longiflorae, and K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Rotundifoliae. Phytotaxa 655 (1): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.655.1.1
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  62. Smith, G.F. (2025a [1 April]) Chapter 4. Breeding kalanchoes (Kalanchoe spp.) for landscaping: current initiatives and prospects. In: Al-Khayri, J.M., Jain, S.M. & Wani, M.A. (Eds.) Advances in plant breeding strategies. Volume 7. Breeding of ornamental crops: potted plants and shrubs. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 91–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-80060-3_4
  63. Smith, G.F. (2025b) Kalanchoe ×houghtonii. Crassulaceae: Kalanchooideae. Madagascar (and widely naturalised globally in mild climates). Flowering Plants of Africa 69: 86–99, plate 2408.
  64. Smith, G.F. (2025c) Refinements to the infra-sectional classification of Kalanchoe [subg. Bryophyllum] sect. Invasores (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae) at the rank of series: description of K. [subg. Bryophyllum sect. Invasores] ser. Invasores, K. [subg. Bryophyllum sect. Invasores] ser. Fruticosae, ‘Fruticosa’, and K. [subg. Bryophyllum sect. Invasores] ser. Herbacea. Phytotaxa 698 (4): 196–208. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.698.4.1
  65. Smith, G.F. (2025d) The classification of the southern and south-tropical African Kalanchoe [subg. Kalanchoe] sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae) expanded and refined: description of K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Paniculatae, K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Alticolae, K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Leblanciae, K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Humiles, and K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Elizae. Phytotaxa 726 (3): 125–142. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.726.3.1
  66. Smith, G.F. (2025e) Unlikely bedfellows: systematic placement of Kalanchoe sect. Pumilae (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae) in K. subg. Kitchingia. Phytotaxa 726 (3): 215–220. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.726.3.10
  67. Smith, G.F. (2025f) John G. Baker was right all along, Kalanchoe streptantha (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae) is a kitchingia: refining the circumscription of the Malagasy K. sect. Streptanthae, now a monotypic section in K. subg. Kitchingia. Phytotaxa 710 (1): 120–126. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.710.1.7
  68. Smith, G.F. (2025g) Kalanchoe ser. Mpivady, a new series in K. subg. Calophygia (Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae] tr. Kalanchoeae). Phytotaxa 730 (2): 208–216. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.730.2.8
  69. Smith, G.F. (2025h) Kalanchoe ×resendeana (Crasulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae), finally a name for one of the most popular single-, red-flowered horticultural hybrids made between K. blossfeldiana and K. glaucescens. Phytotaxa 684 (2): 193–205. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.684.2.3
  70. Smith, G.F. (2025i) A nomenclator botanicus for the bryophyllous and related species published in, or transferred to, Bryophyllum, now included in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae). Phytotaxa 706 (1): 1–33. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.1.1
  71. Smith, G.F. (2026a [13 March]) The invasive Kalanchoe ×houghtonii (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae) confirmed as occurring in South Africa. Haseltonia 33: e333 [7 pp.]. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.033.0102
  72. Smith, G.F. (2026b [1 June]) Vroegtydige opsporing van Kalanchoe laetivirens (Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae] tr. Kalanchoeae), ’n potensiële indringerplant, in suidelike Afrika. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 45 (1): 24–29. https://doi.org/10.36303/SATNT.2026.45.1.3596
  73. Smith, G.F. (2026c) Kalanchoe sect. Socotranae (Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae] tr. Kalanchoeae) circumscribed in the autonymic Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe. Phytotaxa 755 (1): 73–83. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.755.1.4
  74. Smith, G.F. (2026d) Kalanchoe ser. Rauhia (Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae] tr. Kalanchoeae) described: further resolving the classification of K. sect. Stellatopilosae in K. subg. Calophygia. Phytotaxa. [In press]
  75. Smith, G.F. (2026e) Expanding the Malagasy Kalanchoe sect. Trichanthae (K. subg. Calophygia) to include K. eriophylla and description of K. ser. Eriophyllae and K. ser. Trichanthae. Phytotaxa. [In press]
  76. Smith, G.F. (2026f) A new taxonomic status for, and expansion of, Kalanchoe sect. Rhombopilosae, as K. ser. Rhombopilosae, in K. sect. Stellatopilosae, incuded in K. subg. Calophygia (Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae] tr. Kalanchoeae). Phytotaxa. [In press]
  77. Smith, G.F. (2026g) Kalanchoe ×annae-monroae (Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae] tr. Kalanchoeae), a new nothospecies derived from Malagasy parents [K. fedtschenkoi × K. scandens], with notes on the inheritance of characters that facilitate fitness for survival and invasiveness. Phytotaxa. [In press]
  78. Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018) The infrageneric classification and nomenclature of Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae), with special reference to the southern African species. Bradleya 36: 162–172. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n36.2018.a10
  79. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E., Loureiro, J. & Crouch, N.R. (2019b) Kalanchoe ×gunniae Gideon F.Sm & Figueiredo (Crassulaceae), a new South African nothospecies derived from Kalanchoe paniculata Harv. × Kalanchoe sexangularis N.E.Br. Bradleya 37: 141–150. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n37.2019.a9
  80. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Shtein, R. (2021b) Kalanchoe manginii. Crassulaceae: Kalanchooideae. Madagascar. Flowering Plants of Africa 67: 70–79, plate 2367.
  81. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Silva, V. (2020) The contributions to and controversies introduced into research on the Aphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae and Crassulaceae by Flávio Resende (1907–1967) in the mid-20th century. Bradleya 38: 141–157. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n38.2020.a16
  82. Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A.E. (2019a) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (USA), and Oxford, x, 328 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814007-9.00003-7
  83. Smith, G.F. & Hankey, A. (2021) Kalanchoe ×forbesiae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) derived from K. lubangensis × K. sexangularis: towards improved horticultural material. Phytotaxa 528 (5): 290–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.528.5.3
  84. Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2024) The correct name for the subfamily containing Kalanchoe is Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae, and not Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae, with amendment of the circumscription of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae. Phytotaxa 672 (3): 293–298. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.7
  85. Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2025) A new tribal classification of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae: separating Kalanchoe from Adromischus, Cotyledon, and Tylecodon. Phytotaxa 716 (1): 55–64. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6
  86. Smith, G.F. & Shtein, R. (2021a) A review of horticulturally desirable characters in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): variable and deviating vegetative and reproductive morphologies useful in breeding programmes. Haseltonia 28: 106–119. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.028.0110
  87. Smith, G.F. & Shtein, R. (2021b) Taxonomic notes on Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and its horticultural derivatives. Phytotaxa 478 (2): 225–238. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.478.2.4
  88. Smith, G.F., Shtein, R., Klein, D.-P., Parihar, B., Almeida, A., Rodewald, S. & Kadereit, G. (2021a) Sexual and asexual reproduction in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae): a review of known and newly recorded strategies. Haseltonia 28: 2–22. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.028.0101
  89. Springate, L.S. (1995) Crassulaceae. 3. Kalanchöe Adanson. In: Cullen, J., Alexander, J.C.M., Brady, A., Brickell, C.D., Green, P.S., Heywood, V.H., Jörgensen, P.-M., Jury, S.L., Knees, S.G., Leslie, A.C., Matthews, V.A., Robson, N.K.B., Walters, S.M., Wijnands, D.O. & Yeo, P.F. (Eds.) The European Garden Flora. A manual for the identification of plants cultivated in Europe, both out-of-doors and under glass. Vol. IV. Dicotyledons (Part II). Press Syndicate of the Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York and Melbourne, pp. 178–185.
  90. Tulasne, L.-R. [‘Edmond’]. (1857) Floræ madagascariensis. Fragmenta scripsit collectave digessit. Fragmentum alterum (1). Passifloreas, Homalineas, Chailletieas, Hippocrateaceas, Celastrineas, Ilicineas, Rhamneas, Pittosporeas, Hamamelideas, Crassulaceas et Saxifragaceas exhibens. [Crassulaceæ. I. Bryophyllum. II. Calanchoe [sic, Kalanchoe] on pp. 147–150.] Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique, sér. 4, 8: 44–163. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129817#page/151/mode/1up]
  91. Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Gandhi, K.N., Gravendyck, J., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Klopper, R.R., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., May, T.W., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J., Smith, G.F. & Zamora Señoret, J.C. (2025) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Madrid Code). Regnum Vegetabile 162. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 303 pp. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226839479.001.0001
  92. Van Voorst, A. & Arends, J.C. (1982) The origin and chromosome numbers of cultivars of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Von Poelln.: their history and evolution. Euphytica 31 (3): 573–584. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00039195
  93. Von Poellnitz, [J.]K.[L.A.] (1934) XV. Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. Centralblatt für Sammlung und Veröffentlichung von Einzeldiagnosen Neuer Pflanzen 35: 159–160. [https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/14775/?offset=#page=171&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=] https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19340350803
  94. Ward, D.B. (2006) A name for a hybrid Kalanchoe now naturalized in Florida [Kalanchoe ×houghtonii D.B.Ward]. Cactus & Succulent Journal (US) 78 (2): 92–95. https://doi.org/10.2985/0007-9367(2006)78[92:ANFAHK]2.0.CO;2
  95. Wood, J.M. (1903) Kalanchoe longiflora, Schlechter, MSS. Natural Order, Crassulaceae. Natal Plants, vol. 4, part I. Plate 320 [lacking page numbers]. Bennett & Davis, Durban.

How to Cite

Smith, G.F. (2026) Infrageneric nothotaxa recognised in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae] tr. Kalanchoeae): new names published at the ranks of nothosubgenus, nothosection, and nothoseries. Phytotaxa 781 (2): 137–150. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.781.2.4