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Issue: Vol. 779 No. 1: 13 Oct. 2026
Type: Monograph
Published: 2026-10-13
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.779.1.1
Page range: 1-112
Abstract views: 124
PDF downloaded: 9

Taxonomic revision of Panicum sect. Panicum (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae)

Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; Labardén 200; San Isidro; 1642; Buenos Aires; Argentina
Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; Labardén 200; San Isidro; 1642; Buenos Aires; Argentina
Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; Labardén 200; San Isidro; 1642; Buenos Aires; Argentina; Facultad de Agronomía; Cátedra de Botánica General; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Av. San Martín 4453; C1417DSE; Buenos Aires; Argentina
Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; Labardén 200; San Isidro; 1642; Buenos Aires; Argentina
Monocots Poaceae Panicum taxonomy grasses

Abstract

A Worldwide revision of Panicum sect. Panicum is presented, considering exomorphological characters. Fifty-five species, two subspecies, and four varieties are recognized. New synonyms are proposed for P. melanospermum, P. novemnerve, and P. subpilosum. Lectotypes are designated for Isachne obscurans, P. arcurameum, P. atrosanguineum, P. barbipulvinatum var. hirsutipes, P. beecheyi, P. capillare var. occidentale, P. elegantulum, P. flexile, P. havaiense, P. hippothrix, P. novemnerve, P. sociale, P. subpilosum, and P. tenuifolium. Phylogenetic analyses based on chloroplast ndhF sequences, including eight newly generated accessions of sect. Panicum, recovered nearly all species of the section within a well-supported clade. Two strongly supported lineages were identified within sect. Panicum, whereas relationships among the remaining species, as well as among sections of Panicum, remained weakly resolved. Additionally, a comparative foliar anatomical analysis was performed to observe transverse sections of leaf blades from herbarium material. The analyses revealed that the species exhibited characteristics associated with the Kranz PS (XyMS+) anatomy (double sheath around the vascular bundles, the outer one with specialized chloroplasts and a radial mesophyll with 3(–2,4) chlorenchymatic cells between contiguous vascular bundles). The majority of the analyzed species showed that the parenchyma sheath cells had a regular outline and straight radial and internal tangential walls corresponding to the C4 NAD-me photosynthetic subtype. Moreover, the surfaces of the spikelet and the upper anthecium were observed and described using scanning electron microscopy (SEM); although the upper lemma and upper palea were commonly smooth, some species showed ornamented palea with simple or verrucose papillae. Also, the base of the upper lemma varied among species with different modifications, on occasions presumably related to the type of dispersion. Full synonymies, descriptions, distribution and habitat information, citation of representative specimens, illustrations, and a key to the species of sect. Panicum are provided.

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How to Cite

Zuloaga, F.O., Salariato, D.L., Aliscioni, S.S. & Delfini, C. (2026) Taxonomic revision of Panicum sect. Panicum (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Phytotaxa 779 (1): 1–112. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.779.1.1