Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 772 No. 3: 2 Sept. 2026
Type: Article
Published: 2026-09-02
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.772.3.5
Page range: 257-266
Abstract views: 32
PDF downloaded: 1

Sisyrinchium ignotum (Iridaceae), a new species from the highland grasslands of the state of Paraná, Southern Brazil

Universidade Federal do Paraná; Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal; Curitiba; PR; Brazil; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Departamento de Ciências Florestais; Herbário Escola de Florestas Curitiba; Curitiba; PR; Brazil; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Departamento de Ciências Florestais; Laboratório de Dendrologia e Conservação da Flora; Curitiba; PR; Brazil
Universidade Federal do Paraná; Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal; Curitiba; PR; Brazil; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Departamento de Ciências Florestais; Herbário Escola de Florestas Curitiba; Curitiba; PR; Brazil; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Departamento de Ciências Florestais; Laboratório de Dendrologia e Conservação da Flora; Curitiba; PR; Brazil
Bioárea Soluções Ambientais Ltda.; Porto Alegre; RS; Brazil
Institut de Systématique; Évolution; Biodiversité (ISYEB); Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle; CNRS; Sorbonne Université; EPHE; UA; Paris; France
Monocots Atlantic Forest Biome Brazilian Plateau diversity endemism taxonomy subtropical

Abstract

Sisyrinchium ignotum is described and illustrated as a new species, morphologically associated with S. vaginatum (Sisyrinchium sect. Viperella), from the highland grasslands of the First and Second Paraná Plateaus, in Southern Brazil. The new species resembles S. marchio and S. weirii but differs from the former by the presence of indumentum on the reproductive structures and from the latter by their larger size. Sisyrinchium ignotum occurs in the Eastern region of the State of Paraná, Southern Brazil, with an elevation range from 840 to 1,040 m a.s.l. The preliminary conservation status of the species is assessed, and it could be considered Vulnerable (VU, B1+B2ab(iii, iv)). Diagnostic morphological characters, taxonomic comments, conservation status, phenology, habitat notes, and a distribution map are provided.

References

  1. Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., de la Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. ZooKeys 150: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109
  2. Baker, J.G. (1876) Journal of botany, vol. 14. Robert Hardwicke, London. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36194#page/296/mode/1up (accessed 9 February 2026)
  3. Beentje, H. (2016) The Kew Plant Glossary: an illustrated dictionary of plant terms. 2nd ed. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, 184 pp.
  4. Behling, H. (2002) South and Southeast Brazilian grasslands during Late Quaternary times: A synthesis. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 177: 19–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00349-2
  5. Besser, M.L., Brumatti, M. & Spisila, A.L. (2021) Mapa geológico e de recursos minerais do estado do Paraná. SGB-CPRM, Curitiba. Available from: https://rigeo.sgb.gov.br/handle/doc/22492 (accessed 17 January 2026)
  6. Canva (2026) Available from: https://www.canva.com/ (accessed 26 February 2026)
  7. CRIA (2026) SpeciesLink. Available from: https://specieslink.net/ (accessed 12 February 2026)
  8. Dall’Agnol, R.T., Brotto, M.L., Lubow, S. & Blum, C.T. (2026) High floristic richness revealed in grasslands of quartzitic hills in Southern Brazil. Biota Neotropica 26: e20251854. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2025-1854
  9. Edwards, E.J., Osborne, C.P., Strömberg, C.A.E., Smith, S.A., Bond, W.J., Christin, P.A., Cousins, A.B., Duvall, M.R., Fox, D.L., Freckleton, R.P., Ghannoum, O., Hartwell, J., Huang, Y., Janis, C.M., Keeley, J.E., Kellogg, E.A., Knapp, A.K., Leakey, A.D.B., Nelson, D.M., Saarela, J.M., Sage, R., Sala, O.E., Salamin, N., Still, C.J. & Tipple, B. (2010) The origins of C4 grasslands: integrating evolutionary and ecosystem science. Science 328: 587–591. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1177216
  10. Eggers, L. & Inácio, C.D. (2026) Sisyrinchium. In Flora e Funga do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/FB8066 (accessed 10 January 2026)
  11. Goldblatt, P. & Manning, J.C. (2008) The iris family – natural history and classification. Timber Press, Portland, 290 pp.
  12. Hooker, W.J. (1840) Icones Plantarum, vol. 3. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman, London. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54427#page/40/mode/1up (accessed 9 February 2026)
  13. IBGE (2012) Manual técnico da vegetação brasileira. 2nd ed. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE, Rio de Janeiro. Available from: https://uc.socioambiental.org/sites/uc/files/2019-12/liv63011.pdf (accessed 12 January 2026)
  14. Iganci, J.R.V., Heiden, G., Miotto, S.T.S. & Pennington, R.T. (2011) Campos de Cima da Serra: the Brazilian Subtropical Highland Grasslands show an unexpected level of plant endemism. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 167: 378–393. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01182.x
  15. Inácio, C.D., Chauveau, O., Souza-Chies, T.T., Sauquet, H. & Eggers, L. (2017) An updated phylogeny and infrageneric classification of the genus Sisyrinchium (Iridaceae): Challenges of molecular and morphological evidence. Taxon 66: 1317–1348. https://doi.org/10.12705/666.4
  16. Inácio, C.D., Lozano, E.D., Antunes, K., Báez-Lizarazo, M.B. & Eggers, L. (2022) Exploring Sisyrinchium (Iridaceae) diversity in the Atlantic Forest Biome: three new species in S. sect. Viperella. Phytotaxa 541: 153–164. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.2.5
  17. IUCN (2024) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, version 16. IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee, Cambridge. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines (accessed 22 February 2026)
  18. Külkamp, J., Heiden, G. & Iganci, J.R.V. (2018) Endemic plants from the Southern Brazilian Highland Grasslands. Rodriguésia 69: 429–440. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201869214
  19. Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum, vol. 2. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], 560 pp.
  20. Linnaeus, C. (1767) Generum editionis VI. Et specierum editionis II. Mantissa plantarum 1: 122. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/151919#page/5/mode/1up (accessed 12 January 2026) https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119809
  21. Maack, R. (2017) Geografia Física do Paraná. 4th ed. Imprensa Oficial, Curitiba, 526 pp.
  22. Overbeck, G.E., Müller, S.C., Fidelis, A., Pfadenhauer, J., Pillar, V.D., Blanco, C.C. & Forneck, E.D. (2007) Brazil’s neglected biome: The South Brazilian Campos. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 9: 101–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2007.07.005
  23. Pillar, V.P. & Vélez, E. (2010) Extinção dos Campos Sulinos em Unidades de Conservação: um Fenômeno Natural ou um Problema Ético? Natureza & Conservação 8: 84–86. https://doi.org/10.4322/natcon.00801014
  24. POWO (2026) Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: https://powo.science.kew.org/ (accessed 10 January 2026)
  25. Ravenna, P. (2002) Revisional studies in the genus Sisyrinchium – IX. Onira 7: 20–41.
  26. Sprengel, C. (1824) Linnaeus Systema Vegetabilium. 16 ed. Dietrich, Gottingen, 992 pp.
  27. Steudel, E.T. (1841) Nomenclator botanicus. J.G. Cottae, Stuttgartiae et Tubingae [Stuttgart]. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/11567#page/1452/mode/1up (accessed 9 February 2026)
  28. Sühs, R.B., Giehl, E.L.H. & Peroni, N. (2020) Preventing traditional management can cause grassland loss within 30 years in southern Brazil. Scientific Reports 10: 783. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-57564-z
  29. Thiers, B.M. (continuously updated) Index Herbariorum. The New York Botanical Garden, New York. Available from: https://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 14 February 2026)
  30. Veldman, J.W., Buisson, E., Durigan, G., Fernandes, G.W., Le Stradic, S., Mahy, G., Negreiros, D., Overbeck, G.E., Veldman, R.G., Zaloumis, N.P., Putz, F.E. & Bond, W.J. (2015) Toward an old-growth concept for grasslands, savannas, and woodlands. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 13: 54–162. https://doi.org/10.1890/140270
  31. Velloso, J.M.C. (1829) Florae fluminensis. Flumine Januario, ex Typographia nationali [Rio de Janeiro]. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14677#page/277/mode/1up (accessed 9 February 2026)

How to Cite

Dall’agnol, R.T., Blum, C.T., Inácio, C.D. & Eggers, L. (2026) Sisyrinchium ignotum (Iridaceae), a new species from the highland grasslands of the state of Paraná, Southern Brazil. Phytotaxa 772 (3): 257–266. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.772.3.5