Abstract
A new species, Hedyotis recurvata is described from Avalanche, in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu, India. The details on phenology, distribution and photographs along with a comparison chart of allied species are provided here.
References
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<p>Dutta, R. & Deb, D.B. (2004) <em>Taxonomic revision of Hedyotis L. (Rubiaceae) in Indian subcontinent.</em> Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata, 211 pp.</p>
<p>Bridson, D. & Forman, L. (1991) <em>The Herbarium Handbook</em>. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 299 pp.</p>
<p>Gamble, J.S. (1921) <em>Flora of the Presidency of Madras, Part IV (Rubiaceae to Ebenaceae). </em>Adlard & Son, London, 1346 pp.</p>
<p>Govaerts, R., Ruhsam, M.., Andersson, L., Robbrecht, E., Bridson, D., Davis, A., Schanzer, I. &. Sonk, B. (2022) <em>World Checklist of Rubiaceae</em>. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http://wcsp.science.kew.org/ (accessed 10 January 2022)</p>
<p>Groeninckx, I., Dessein, S., Ochoterena, H., Persson, C., Motley, T.J., Karehed, J., Bremer, B., Huysmans, S. & Smets, E. (2009) Phylogeny of the herbaceous tribe Spermacoceae (Rubiaceae) based on plastid DNA data. <em>Annals of Missouri Botanical Gardens</em> 96: 109–132. https://doi.org/10.3417/2006201</p>
<p>Groeninckx, I., Block, P. De., Robbrecht, E., Smets, E.E. & Dessein, S. (2010a) <em>Amphistemon</em> and <em>Thamnoldenlandia</em>, two new genera of Rubiaceae (Spermacoceae) endemic to Madagascar. <em>Botanical Journal of Linnaean Society</em> 163 (4): 447–472. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01060.x</p>
<p>Groeninckx, I., Briggs. M., Davis, A. P., Block, P. De., Robbrecht, E., Smets, E.E. & Dessein, S. (2010b) A new herbaceous genus endemic to Madagascar: <em>Phialiphora</em> (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae). <em>Taxon</em> 59 (6): 1815–1829. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.596013</p>
<p>Groeninckx, I., Ochoterena, H., Smets, E.E. &Dessein, S. (2010c) Molecular phylogenetic and morphological study of <em>Kohautia</em> (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae), with the recognition of the new genus <em>Cordylostigma</em>. <em>Taxon</em> 59 (5): 1457–1471. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.595011</p>
<p>Guo, X., Simmons, M.P., But, P.P.H., Shaw, P.C. & Wang, R.J. (2011) Application of DNA barcodes in <em>Hedyotis</em> L. (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae). <em>Journal of systematics and Evolution </em>49 (3): 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-6831.2011.00130.x</p>
<p>Guo, X., Wang, R.J., Simmons, M.P., But, P.P.H. & Yu, J. (2013) Phylogeny of the Asian <em>Hedyotis-Oldenlandia</em> complex (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae): Evidence for high levels of Polyphyly and the parallel evolution of diplophragmous capsules. <em>Moleccular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 67: 110–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.01.006</p>
<p>Hooker, J.D. (1880) <em>Flora of British India</em>. Vol. 3. L. Reeve & Co., London.</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2022) <em>Guidelines for using the IUCN Red list categories and criteria</em>, Version 15. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf. (accessed 28 February 2022)</p>
<p>Jussieu, A.L.de (1789) <em>Genera Plantarum</em>. Herissant & Barrois, Paris, p. 206.</p>
<p>Karehed, J., Groeninckx, I., Dessein, S., Motley, T.J. & Bremer, B. (2008) The phylogenetic utility of chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers and the phylogeny of the Rubiaceae tribe Spermacoceae. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 49: 843–866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.09.025</p>
<p>Lamarck, J.B.A.P.M. de (1792) <em>Tableau encyclopedique et methodique des trois reÌgnes de la nature. Botanique</em>, Vol. 1. Chez Pancoucke, Paris, pp. 269–272. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.218</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum</em>. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 560 pp.</p>
<p>Nandikar, M.D. & Bramhadande S.P. (2021) Revisiting the <em>Hedyotis</em>–<em>Oldenlandia</em> complex in India, with a note on <em>Scleromitrion</em>. <em>Edinburgh Journal of Botany </em>78: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.24823/EJB.2021.387</p>
<p>Neupane, S., Dessein, S. & Motley, T.J. (2009) The <em>Hedyotis–Oldenlandia–Kohautia</em> complex (Rubiaceae) in Nepal: A study of fruit, seed and pollen characters and their taxonomic Significance. <em>Edinburgh Journal of Botany</em> 66: 371–390. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428609990035</p>
<p>POWO (2022) <em>Plants of the World Online</em>. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ (accessed 10 January 2022)</p>
<p>QGIS DEVELOPMENT TEAM (2022) QGIS Geographic Information System. QGIS 3.24.1-Tisler. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. [ http://qgis.osgeo.org]</p>
<p>Rao, R.S. & Hemadri, K. (1973) The genus <em>Hedyotis </em>Linn. in Maharashtra state. <em>Indian Forester</em> 99 (6): 372–379.</p>
<p>Singh, P., Karthigeyan, K., Lakshminarasimhan, <em>P. & Dash, S.S. (2015) Endemic Vascular Plants of India</em>, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata. </p>
<p>Terrell, E.E. & Robinson, H. (2003) Survey of Asian and Pacific species of <em>Hedyotis</em> and <em>Exallage</em> (Rubiaceae) with nomenclatural notes on <em>Hedyotis</em> types. <em>Taxon</em> 52: 775–782. https://doi.org/10.2307/3647351</p>
<p>Wikstrom, N., Neupane, S., Karehed, J., Motley, T.J. & Bremer, B. (2013) Phylogeny of <em>Hedyotis</em> (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae): Redefining a complex Asian Pacific assemblage. <em>Taxon</em> 62 (2): 357–354. https://doi.org/10.12705/622.2</p>
<p>Dutta, R. & Deb, D.B. (2004) <em>Taxonomic revision of Hedyotis L. (Rubiaceae) in Indian subcontinent.</em> Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata, 211 pp.</p>
<p>Bridson, D. & Forman, L. (1991) <em>The Herbarium Handbook</em>. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 299 pp.</p>
<p>Gamble, J.S. (1921) <em>Flora of the Presidency of Madras, Part IV (Rubiaceae to Ebenaceae). </em>Adlard & Son, London, 1346 pp.</p>
<p>Govaerts, R., Ruhsam, M.., Andersson, L., Robbrecht, E., Bridson, D., Davis, A., Schanzer, I. &. Sonk, B. (2022) <em>World Checklist of Rubiaceae</em>. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http://wcsp.science.kew.org/ (accessed 10 January 2022)</p>
<p>Groeninckx, I., Dessein, S., Ochoterena, H., Persson, C., Motley, T.J., Karehed, J., Bremer, B., Huysmans, S. & Smets, E. (2009) Phylogeny of the herbaceous tribe Spermacoceae (Rubiaceae) based on plastid DNA data. <em>Annals of Missouri Botanical Gardens</em> 96: 109–132. https://doi.org/10.3417/2006201</p>
<p>Groeninckx, I., Block, P. De., Robbrecht, E., Smets, E.E. & Dessein, S. (2010a) <em>Amphistemon</em> and <em>Thamnoldenlandia</em>, two new genera of Rubiaceae (Spermacoceae) endemic to Madagascar. <em>Botanical Journal of Linnaean Society</em> 163 (4): 447–472. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01060.x</p>
<p>Groeninckx, I., Briggs. M., Davis, A. P., Block, P. De., Robbrecht, E., Smets, E.E. & Dessein, S. (2010b) A new herbaceous genus endemic to Madagascar: <em>Phialiphora</em> (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae). <em>Taxon</em> 59 (6): 1815–1829. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.596013</p>
<p>Groeninckx, I., Ochoterena, H., Smets, E.E. &Dessein, S. (2010c) Molecular phylogenetic and morphological study of <em>Kohautia</em> (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae), with the recognition of the new genus <em>Cordylostigma</em>. <em>Taxon</em> 59 (5): 1457–1471. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.595011</p>
<p>Guo, X., Simmons, M.P., But, P.P.H., Shaw, P.C. & Wang, R.J. (2011) Application of DNA barcodes in <em>Hedyotis</em> L. (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae). <em>Journal of systematics and Evolution </em>49 (3): 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-6831.2011.00130.x</p>
<p>Guo, X., Wang, R.J., Simmons, M.P., But, P.P.H. & Yu, J. (2013) Phylogeny of the Asian <em>Hedyotis-Oldenlandia</em> complex (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae): Evidence for high levels of Polyphyly and the parallel evolution of diplophragmous capsules. <em>Moleccular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 67: 110–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.01.006</p>
<p>Hooker, J.D. (1880) <em>Flora of British India</em>. Vol. 3. L. Reeve & Co., London.</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2022) <em>Guidelines for using the IUCN Red list categories and criteria</em>, Version 15. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf. (accessed 28 February 2022)</p>
<p>Jussieu, A.L.de (1789) <em>Genera Plantarum</em>. Herissant & Barrois, Paris, p. 206.</p>
<p>Karehed, J., Groeninckx, I., Dessein, S., Motley, T.J. & Bremer, B. (2008) The phylogenetic utility of chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers and the phylogeny of the Rubiaceae tribe Spermacoceae. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 49: 843–866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.09.025</p>
<p>Lamarck, J.B.A.P.M. de (1792) <em>Tableau encyclopedique et methodique des trois reÌgnes de la nature. Botanique</em>, Vol. 1. Chez Pancoucke, Paris, pp. 269–272. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.218</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum</em>. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 560 pp.</p>
<p>Nandikar, M.D. & Bramhadande S.P. (2021) Revisiting the <em>Hedyotis</em>–<em>Oldenlandia</em> complex in India, with a note on <em>Scleromitrion</em>. <em>Edinburgh Journal of Botany </em>78: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.24823/EJB.2021.387</p>
<p>Neupane, S., Dessein, S. & Motley, T.J. (2009) The <em>Hedyotis–Oldenlandia–Kohautia</em> complex (Rubiaceae) in Nepal: A study of fruit, seed and pollen characters and their taxonomic Significance. <em>Edinburgh Journal of Botany</em> 66: 371–390. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428609990035</p>
<p>POWO (2022) <em>Plants of the World Online</em>. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ (accessed 10 January 2022)</p>
<p>QGIS DEVELOPMENT TEAM (2022) QGIS Geographic Information System. QGIS 3.24.1-Tisler. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. [ http://qgis.osgeo.org]</p>
<p>Rao, R.S. & Hemadri, K. (1973) The genus <em>Hedyotis </em>Linn. in Maharashtra state. <em>Indian Forester</em> 99 (6): 372–379.</p>
<p>Singh, P., Karthigeyan, K., Lakshminarasimhan, <em>P. & Dash, S.S. (2015) Endemic Vascular Plants of India</em>, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata. </p>
<p>Terrell, E.E. & Robinson, H. (2003) Survey of Asian and Pacific species of <em>Hedyotis</em> and <em>Exallage</em> (Rubiaceae) with nomenclatural notes on <em>Hedyotis</em> types. <em>Taxon</em> 52: 775–782. https://doi.org/10.2307/3647351</p>
<p>Wikstrom, N., Neupane, S., Karehed, J., Motley, T.J. & Bremer, B. (2013) Phylogeny of <em>Hedyotis</em> (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae): Redefining a complex Asian Pacific assemblage. <em>Taxon</em> 62 (2): 357–354. https://doi.org/10.12705/622.2</p>