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Type: Article
Published: 2023-02-07
Page range: 251–259
Abstract views: 81
PDF downloaded: 92

Resurrection and emended description of Gastrodia foetida (Orchidaceae)

Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan, The Institute for Advanced Research, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
Monocots cryptic species Gastrodia nipponica species complex mycoheterotrophy taxonomy taxonomic revision

Abstract

This paper presents a re-evaluation of the taxonomic identity of Gastrodia foetida based on molecular and morphological data. The taxon was described from Iriomote Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, and has often been treated as a synonym of G. nipponica from Wakayama Prefecture, Honshu, Japan. In contrast, we showed that the genetic divergence between G. foetida and G. nipponica is much more significant than that between G. foetida and G. takeshimensis. Additionally, G. foetida can be distinguished from G. nipponica by a few morphological traits, particularly a more dilated column toward a little below the middle. Therefore, we propose that G. foetida is recognized as a distinct species based primarily on molecular phylogenetic evidence followed by morphological evidence. Our investigation strongly suggested that these species exhibit distinct geographic separation: G. nipponica is restricted in mainland Japan (north of the Ryukyu Islands), whereas G. foetida is mainly distributed on the more southern areas (the Ryukyu Islands and possibly Taiwan).

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