Abstract
The authors describe and illustrate two new species of Wittmackia, W. conduruensis and W. guedesiae. The species are endemic to the state of Bahia with a restricted geographical range, being considered critically endangered (CR) mainly due to habitat fragmentation and illegal extractivism, specifically for regional and international trade. We also present the phenology and compare their morphology with related species.
References
<p>Aguirre-Santoro, J. (2017) Taxonomy of the <em>Ronnbergia</em> alliance (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae): new combinations, synopsis, and new circumscriptions of <em>Ronnbergia</em> and the resurrected genus <em>Wittmackia</em>. <em>Plant Systematics and Evolution </em>303: 615–640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1394-y</p>
<p>Aguirre-Santoro, J. (2018) Taxonomic revision of the Caribbean-endemic species of <em>Wittmackia</em> (Bromeliaceae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 336 (2): 101–147. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.336.2.1</p>
<p>Aguirre-Santoro, J., Michelangeli, F.A. & Stevenson, D.W. (2016) Molecular Phylogenetics of the Ronnbergia Alliance (Bromeliaceae, Bromelioideae) and insights into their morphological evolution. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 100: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.007</p>
<p>Aguirre-Santoro, J., Salinas, N.R. & Michelangeli, F.A. (2020) The influence of floral variation and geographic disjunction on the evolutionary dynamics of <em>Ronnbergia</em> and <em>Wittmackia</em> (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae). <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 192: 609–624. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boz087</p>
<p>Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. e-Infrastructures for data publishing in biodiversity science. <em>ZooKeys</em> 150: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109</p>
<p>Baker, J.G. (1889) <em>Handbook of the Bromeliaceae</em>. G. Bell & Sons, London, 243 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51681</p>
<p>Beer, J.G. (1856) <em>Die Familie der Bromeliaceen. Nach ihrem habituellen Character bearbeitet mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Ananassa.</em> Tendler & Comp., Wien, 271 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.15461</p>
<p>Cavalcante, B.P., Souza, E.H., Versieux, L.M. & Martinelli, A.P. (2020) <em>Hohenbergia ituberaensis</em> (Bromeliaceae): a new white-flowered species from Bahia, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 439 (2): 119–126. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.439.2.2</p>
<p>Convention on Biological Diversity (1993) Article 9. Available from: The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity website. Available from: https://www.cbd.int/ (accessed 26 March 2022)</p>
<p>Fidalgo, O. & Bononi, V.L.R. (1984) <em>Técnicas de coleta, preservação e herborização de material botânico</em>, Manual n° 4. Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, 62 pp.</p>
<p>Gouda, E.J., Butcher, D. & Gouda, C.S. (continuously updated) <em>Encyclopedia of Bromeliads</em>, version 4. University Botanical Garden, Utrecht. Available from: http://bromeliad.nl/encyclopedia (accessed 21 December 2022)</p>
<p>Hawksworth, D.L. (2010) <em>Terms used in bionomenclature, the name of organisms (and plant communities)</em>. Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Copenhagen, 215 pp.</p>
<p>IUCN (2022) <em>Standards and Petitions Committee. 2022. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15. </em>Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 26 June 2022)</p>
<p>Leme, E.M.C. (1987)<em> Ronnbergia carvalhoi</em>. <em>Journal of the Bromeliad Society</em> 37: 79–81.</p>
<p>Leme, E.M.C. (1999)<em> Ronnbergia neoregelioides</em>, Another new species from Brazil. <em>Journal of the Bromeliad Society</em> 49: 102–105.</p>
<p>Leme, E.M.C. (2003) Two New small-sized Bromelioids from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. <em>Journal of the Bromeliad Society </em>53: 59–66.</p>
<p>Leme, E.M.C. (1996) Two new species from the coastal region of Bahia, Brazil. <em>Journal of the Bromeliad Society </em>46: 22–23.</p>
<p>Leme, E.M.C. & Kollmann, L.J.C. (2011) New species and a new combination of Brazilian Bromeliaceae. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 16 (1): 1–36. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.16.1.1</p>
<p>Leme, E.M.C. & Kollmann, L.J.C. (2013) Miscellaneous new species of Brazilian Bromeliaceae. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 108 (1): 1–40. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.108.1.1</p>
<p>Leme, E.M.C. & Kollmann, L.J.C. (2014) Miscellaneous new species of Brazilian Bromeliaceae – III. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 177 (2): 61–100. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.177.2.1</p>
<p>Leme, E.M.C. & Siqueira-Filho, J.A. (2006a) Taxonomia das bromélias dos fragmentos de Mata Atlântica de Pernambuco e Alagoas. <em>In: </em>Siqueira-Filho, J.A. & Leme, E.M.C. (Eds.) <em>Fragmentos de Mata Atlântica do nordeste, biodiversidade, conservação e suas bromélias</em>. A. Jakobsson Estúdio, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 190–381.</p>
<p>Leme, E.M.C. & Siqueira-Filho, J.A. (2006b) Taxonomic considerations correlated with the Bromeliaceae in Pernambuco and Alagoas. <em>In: </em>Siqueira-Filho, J.A. & Leme, E.M.C. (Eds.) <em>Fragments of the Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil, Biodiversity, Conservation and its Bromeliads</em>. A. Jakobsson Estúdio, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 383–407.</p>
<p>Leme, E.M.C., Till, W., Kollmann, L.J.C., Moura, R.L. & Ribeiro, O.B.C. (2014) Miscellaneous new species of Brazilian Bromeliaceae - III. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 177 (2): 61–100. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.177.2.1</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>, ed. 1. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 500 pp.</p>
<p>Martinelli, G. & Leme, E.M.C. (1987) <em>Ronnbergia carvalhoi. Journal of the Bromeliad Society</em> 37: 79–81.</p>
<p>Mez, C. (1891) Bromeliaceae.<em> In:</em> Martius, K.F.P. von, Eichler, A.G. & Urban, I. (Eds.) <em>Flora Brasiliensis.</em> Vol. 3 (3). Frid. Fleischer, Lipsiae, pp. 176–286.</p>
<p>Mez, C. (1896) Bromeliaceae. <em>In: </em>De Candolle, C. (Ed.) <em>Monographiae Phanerogamarum </em>9<em>. </em>Sumptibus Masson & C<sup>iae</sup>, Paris, 990 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.45961</p>
<p>Mez, C. (1935) Bromeliaceae. <em>In: </em>Engler, A. (Ed.) <em>Das Pflanzenreich</em>, vol. 4 (32). W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 667 pp.</p>
<p>Miquel, F.A.G. (1844) <em>Symbolae ad Floram Surinamensem</em>. <em>Linnaea</em> 18: 354–384.</p>
<p>Morren, É. & André, É. (1874) <em>Ronnbergia morreniana</em>, Linden & André – <em>Ronnbergia</em> de Morren. <em>L’Illustration Horticole</em> 21: 120–121.</p>
<p>Morren, É. (1884) Descripcion du <em>Vriesea duvaliana</em>, <em>sp. nov. La Belgique Horticole</em> 34: 105–106.</p>
<p>Pereira, E. (1979) Species novae in Brasilia Bromeliacearum – XIII. <em>Bradea</em> 2: 307–310.</p>
<p>Pontes, R.A.S., Calvente, A. & Versieux, L.M. (2020) Morphology and distribution support <em>Pseudaraeococcus</em> (Bromeliaceae, Bromelioideae) as a new genus from the Atlantic forest of Northeastern Brazil. <em>PlantNow </em>1: 43–51.</p>
<p>Read, R.W. (1984) The ‘Evolution’ of a new genus, <em>Lymania</em> gen. nov. <em>Journal of the Bromeliad Society</em> 34: 199–201, 212–216.</p>
<p>Regel, E. (1869) VI. Annotationes Botanicae. <em>Index Seminum quae Hortus Botanicus Imperialis Petropolitanus</em> 1: 77–92.</p>
<p>Ruiz, H. & Pavón, J.A. (1794) <em>Classis VI. Hexandria Monogynia. Pourretia</em> 1: 80–84.</p>
<p>Scharf, U. & Gouda, E.J. (2008) Bringing Bromeliaceae back to homeland botany. <em>Journal of the Bromeliad Society </em>58: 123–129.</p>
<p>Schultes, J.A. & Schultes, J.H. (1830) Classis VL, Hexandria. <em>In</em>: Roemer, J.J. & Schultes, J.A. (Eds.) <em>Systema Vegetabilium </em>7 (2). Cottaem, Stuttgart, pp. 755–1816.</p>
<p>Siqueira-Filho, J.A. & Leme, E.M.C. (Eds.) (2006) <em>Fragments of the Atlantic Forest of Northeast Brazil, biodiversity, conservation and the bromeliads</em>. Andrea Jakobsson Estúdio, Rio de Janeiro, 416 pp.</p>
<p>Smith, L.B. (1955) The Bromeliaceae of Brazil. <em>Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections </em>126: 1–290.</p>
<p>Smith, L.B. (1966) Notes on Bromeliaceae XXIII. <em>Phytologia</em> 13: 84–161. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.21846</p>
<p>Smith, L.B. & Downs, R.J. (1979) Bromelioideae (Bromeliaceae). <em>Flora Neotropica</em> 14: 1493–2142.</p>
<p>Souza, E.H. & Leme, E.M.C. (2021) New <em>Cryptanthus</em> species (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) from the State of Bahia, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 523 (2): 179–191. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.523.2.5</p>
<p>Souza, E.H., Aona, L.Y.S., Souza, F.V.D. & Leme, E.M.C. (2021) <em>Lymania involucrata </em>(Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae), a new ornamental species from Bahia, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 489 (2): 209–215. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.489.2.9</p>
<p>Thiers, B.M. (cont. updated) <em>Index Herbariorum.</em> New York Botanical Garden. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 21 June 2022).</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema J.H., Barrie F.R., Greuter W., Hawksworth D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress</em>. Shenzhen, China, July 2017.</p>
<p>Aguirre-Santoro, J. (2018) Taxonomic revision of the Caribbean-endemic species of <em>Wittmackia</em> (Bromeliaceae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 336 (2): 101–147. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.336.2.1</p>
<p>Aguirre-Santoro, J., Michelangeli, F.A. & Stevenson, D.W. (2016) Molecular Phylogenetics of the Ronnbergia Alliance (Bromeliaceae, Bromelioideae) and insights into their morphological evolution. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 100: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.007</p>
<p>Aguirre-Santoro, J., Salinas, N.R. & Michelangeli, F.A. (2020) The influence of floral variation and geographic disjunction on the evolutionary dynamics of <em>Ronnbergia</em> and <em>Wittmackia</em> (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae). <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 192: 609–624. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boz087</p>
<p>Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. e-Infrastructures for data publishing in biodiversity science. <em>ZooKeys</em> 150: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109</p>
<p>Baker, J.G. (1889) <em>Handbook of the Bromeliaceae</em>. G. Bell & Sons, London, 243 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51681</p>
<p>Beer, J.G. (1856) <em>Die Familie der Bromeliaceen. Nach ihrem habituellen Character bearbeitet mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Ananassa.</em> Tendler & Comp., Wien, 271 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.15461</p>
<p>Cavalcante, B.P., Souza, E.H., Versieux, L.M. & Martinelli, A.P. (2020) <em>Hohenbergia ituberaensis</em> (Bromeliaceae): a new white-flowered species from Bahia, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 439 (2): 119–126. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.439.2.2</p>
<p>Convention on Biological Diversity (1993) Article 9. Available from: The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity website. Available from: https://www.cbd.int/ (accessed 26 March 2022)</p>
<p>Fidalgo, O. & Bononi, V.L.R. (1984) <em>Técnicas de coleta, preservação e herborização de material botânico</em>, Manual n° 4. Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, 62 pp.</p>
<p>Gouda, E.J., Butcher, D. & Gouda, C.S. (continuously updated) <em>Encyclopedia of Bromeliads</em>, version 4. University Botanical Garden, Utrecht. Available from: http://bromeliad.nl/encyclopedia (accessed 21 December 2022)</p>
<p>Hawksworth, D.L. (2010) <em>Terms used in bionomenclature, the name of organisms (and plant communities)</em>. Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Copenhagen, 215 pp.</p>
<p>IUCN (2022) <em>Standards and Petitions Committee. 2022. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15. </em>Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 26 June 2022)</p>
<p>Leme, E.M.C. (1987)<em> Ronnbergia carvalhoi</em>. <em>Journal of the Bromeliad Society</em> 37: 79–81.</p>
<p>Leme, E.M.C. (1999)<em> Ronnbergia neoregelioides</em>, Another new species from Brazil. <em>Journal of the Bromeliad Society</em> 49: 102–105.</p>
<p>Leme, E.M.C. (2003) Two New small-sized Bromelioids from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. <em>Journal of the Bromeliad Society </em>53: 59–66.</p>
<p>Leme, E.M.C. (1996) Two new species from the coastal region of Bahia, Brazil. <em>Journal of the Bromeliad Society </em>46: 22–23.</p>
<p>Leme, E.M.C. & Kollmann, L.J.C. (2011) New species and a new combination of Brazilian Bromeliaceae. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 16 (1): 1–36. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.16.1.1</p>
<p>Leme, E.M.C. & Kollmann, L.J.C. (2013) Miscellaneous new species of Brazilian Bromeliaceae. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 108 (1): 1–40. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.108.1.1</p>
<p>Leme, E.M.C. & Kollmann, L.J.C. (2014) Miscellaneous new species of Brazilian Bromeliaceae – III. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 177 (2): 61–100. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.177.2.1</p>
<p>Leme, E.M.C. & Siqueira-Filho, J.A. (2006a) Taxonomia das bromélias dos fragmentos de Mata Atlântica de Pernambuco e Alagoas. <em>In: </em>Siqueira-Filho, J.A. & Leme, E.M.C. (Eds.) <em>Fragmentos de Mata Atlântica do nordeste, biodiversidade, conservação e suas bromélias</em>. A. Jakobsson Estúdio, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 190–381.</p>
<p>Leme, E.M.C. & Siqueira-Filho, J.A. (2006b) Taxonomic considerations correlated with the Bromeliaceae in Pernambuco and Alagoas. <em>In: </em>Siqueira-Filho, J.A. & Leme, E.M.C. (Eds.) <em>Fragments of the Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil, Biodiversity, Conservation and its Bromeliads</em>. A. Jakobsson Estúdio, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 383–407.</p>
<p>Leme, E.M.C., Till, W., Kollmann, L.J.C., Moura, R.L. & Ribeiro, O.B.C. (2014) Miscellaneous new species of Brazilian Bromeliaceae - III. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 177 (2): 61–100. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.177.2.1</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>, ed. 1. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 500 pp.</p>
<p>Martinelli, G. & Leme, E.M.C. (1987) <em>Ronnbergia carvalhoi. Journal of the Bromeliad Society</em> 37: 79–81.</p>
<p>Mez, C. (1891) Bromeliaceae.<em> In:</em> Martius, K.F.P. von, Eichler, A.G. & Urban, I. (Eds.) <em>Flora Brasiliensis.</em> Vol. 3 (3). Frid. Fleischer, Lipsiae, pp. 176–286.</p>
<p>Mez, C. (1896) Bromeliaceae. <em>In: </em>De Candolle, C. (Ed.) <em>Monographiae Phanerogamarum </em>9<em>. </em>Sumptibus Masson & C<sup>iae</sup>, Paris, 990 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.45961</p>
<p>Mez, C. (1935) Bromeliaceae. <em>In: </em>Engler, A. (Ed.) <em>Das Pflanzenreich</em>, vol. 4 (32). W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 667 pp.</p>
<p>Miquel, F.A.G. (1844) <em>Symbolae ad Floram Surinamensem</em>. <em>Linnaea</em> 18: 354–384.</p>
<p>Morren, É. & André, É. (1874) <em>Ronnbergia morreniana</em>, Linden & André – <em>Ronnbergia</em> de Morren. <em>L’Illustration Horticole</em> 21: 120–121.</p>
<p>Morren, É. (1884) Descripcion du <em>Vriesea duvaliana</em>, <em>sp. nov. La Belgique Horticole</em> 34: 105–106.</p>
<p>Pereira, E. (1979) Species novae in Brasilia Bromeliacearum – XIII. <em>Bradea</em> 2: 307–310.</p>
<p>Pontes, R.A.S., Calvente, A. & Versieux, L.M. (2020) Morphology and distribution support <em>Pseudaraeococcus</em> (Bromeliaceae, Bromelioideae) as a new genus from the Atlantic forest of Northeastern Brazil. <em>PlantNow </em>1: 43–51.</p>
<p>Read, R.W. (1984) The ‘Evolution’ of a new genus, <em>Lymania</em> gen. nov. <em>Journal of the Bromeliad Society</em> 34: 199–201, 212–216.</p>
<p>Regel, E. (1869) VI. Annotationes Botanicae. <em>Index Seminum quae Hortus Botanicus Imperialis Petropolitanus</em> 1: 77–92.</p>
<p>Ruiz, H. & Pavón, J.A. (1794) <em>Classis VI. Hexandria Monogynia. Pourretia</em> 1: 80–84.</p>
<p>Scharf, U. & Gouda, E.J. (2008) Bringing Bromeliaceae back to homeland botany. <em>Journal of the Bromeliad Society </em>58: 123–129.</p>
<p>Schultes, J.A. & Schultes, J.H. (1830) Classis VL, Hexandria. <em>In</em>: Roemer, J.J. & Schultes, J.A. (Eds.) <em>Systema Vegetabilium </em>7 (2). Cottaem, Stuttgart, pp. 755–1816.</p>
<p>Siqueira-Filho, J.A. & Leme, E.M.C. (Eds.) (2006) <em>Fragments of the Atlantic Forest of Northeast Brazil, biodiversity, conservation and the bromeliads</em>. Andrea Jakobsson Estúdio, Rio de Janeiro, 416 pp.</p>
<p>Smith, L.B. (1955) The Bromeliaceae of Brazil. <em>Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections </em>126: 1–290.</p>
<p>Smith, L.B. (1966) Notes on Bromeliaceae XXIII. <em>Phytologia</em> 13: 84–161. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.21846</p>
<p>Smith, L.B. & Downs, R.J. (1979) Bromelioideae (Bromeliaceae). <em>Flora Neotropica</em> 14: 1493–2142.</p>
<p>Souza, E.H. & Leme, E.M.C. (2021) New <em>Cryptanthus</em> species (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) from the State of Bahia, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 523 (2): 179–191. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.523.2.5</p>
<p>Souza, E.H., Aona, L.Y.S., Souza, F.V.D. & Leme, E.M.C. (2021) <em>Lymania involucrata </em>(Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae), a new ornamental species from Bahia, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 489 (2): 209–215. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.489.2.9</p>
<p>Thiers, B.M. (cont. updated) <em>Index Herbariorum.</em> New York Botanical Garden. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 21 June 2022).</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema J.H., Barrie F.R., Greuter W., Hawksworth D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress</em>. Shenzhen, China, July 2017.</p>