Paepalanthus (Eriocaulaceae) without scapes and spathes, a survey with the description of a new species

MARIA JOSÉ GOMES DE ANDRADE; MARCELO TROVÓ; LAMARCK ROCHA; ANA MARIA GIULIETTI

doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.560.2.1

Issue: Vol. 560 No. 2: 1 September 2022

Type: Article

Published: 2022-09-01

DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.2.1

Page range: 135-152

Abstract views: 31

PDF downloaded: 38

Paepalanthus (Eriocaulaceae) without scapes and spathes, a survey with the description of a new species

MARIA JOSÉ GOMES DE ANDRADE⁺⁻
MARCELO TROVÓ⁺⁻
LAMARCK ROCHA⁺⁻
ANA MARIA GIULIETTI⁺⁻

Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal, Departamento de Educação, Campus VIII, Rua do Gangorra, 503, Alves de Sousa, 48608-240, Paulo Afonso, Bahia, Brazil

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Botânica, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Instituto Nacional do Semiárido, Av. Francisco Lopes de Almeida s/n, Serrotão, 58434-700, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil

Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Herbarium and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Transnordestina s/n, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, England, U.K.

Bahia campo rupestre Minas Gerais Paepalanthus paganuccii phylogenetic analysis systematics Monocots

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Abstract

Eriocaulaceae are mainly characterized by their unisexual flowers arranged in capituliform inflorescences at the apex of scapes surrounded by closed spathes. The lack of the scapes and spathes is a rare condition in the family, restricted to a small number of species in Eriocaulon, Paepalanthus, and Syngonanthus. In this manuscript we explore the species of Paepalanthus lacking spathes and scapes based on morphological and molecular data (ITS, trnL-trnF, and psbA-trnH). The specimens with dimerous flowers form a monophyletic group represented by the only two species of P. subg. Thelxinoë. The accessions with trimerous flowers cluster with species of the polyphyletic P. ser. Leptocephali. As expected, the ancestral character reconstruction indicates that the loss of scapes and spathes occurred at least twice in Paepalanthus, but probably occurred four to five times in the family. Based on molecular data, SEM images, and morphological analysis, most of the specimens lacking scapes were assigned to previously described species with the exception of the trimerous-flowered specimens treated here as a new species, P. paganuccii. Besides the full treatment for this new species, we provide an annotated checklist for all Paepalanthus species without scapes, with nomenclatural novelties, a distribution map, illustrations, photos, and a comparative table.

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