Abstract
Based on critical observations on both herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants in the wild, we demonstrate that Thalictrum cuonaense (Ranunculaceae), described from Cona county in southern Xizang (Tibet), China, is conspecific with T. reniforme, an elegant Himalayan species widely distributed in Bhutan, China (southern Xizang), northeastern India (Sikkim), and Nepal. We therefore reduce T. cuonaense to the synonymy of T. reniforme herein. Lectotypification is proposed for T. reniforme. Taxonomic notes are provided for another two distinctive Himalayan species, T. chelidonii and T. neurocarpum, to clarify their identification confusion with T. reniforme. The identity of T. tamurae, described from central-western Myanmar, is also discussed.
References
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<p>Ghimire, S.K., Subedi, C.K., Budha-Magar, S., Adhikari, M., Pandey, T.R., Awasthi, B., Thapa-Magar, S., Paudeyal, M.R., Ghimire, K.M., Shrestha, B.B., Bhatt, G.D., Joshi, L.R., Paudel, A., Chapagain, D.J. & Gurung, J. (2021) <em>Flora of Kailash Sacred Landscape Nepal: An Annotated Checklist</em>, vol. 1. Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 350 pp.</p>
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<p>Hara, H. (1971) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: <em>The Flora of Eastern Himalaya</em>, 2nd report. The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, pp. 27‒34.</p>
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<p>McNeill, J. (2014) Holotype specimens and type citations: General issues. <em>Taxon</em> 63: 1112−1113. https://doi.org/10.12705/635.7</p>
<p>Naithani, H.B. (1990) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: <em>Flowering Plants of India, Nepal and Bhutan</em>. Rohini Printers & Publishers, Dehra Dun, pp. 1–16.</p>
<p>Ohba, H. & Akiyama, S. (1992) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: <em>The Alpine Flora of the Jaljale Himal, East Nepal</em>. The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, pp. 16‒20.</p>
<p>Ohba, H. & Ikeda, H. (1999) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: <em>A Contribution to the Flora of Ganesh Himal, Central Nepal</em>. The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, pp. 24‒25.</p>
<p>Ohba, H. & Ikeda, H. (2000) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: <em>The Flora of Hinku and Hunku Valleys, East Nepal</em>. The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, pp. 51‒57.</p>
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<p>Press, J.R., Shrestha, K.K. & Sutton, D.A. (2000) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: <em>Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal</em>. The Natural History Museum, London, pp. 248‒258.</p>
<p>Rau, M.A. (1993) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: Sharma, B.D., Balakrishnan, N.P., Rao, R.R. & Hajra, P.K. (Eds.) <em>Flora of India</em>, vol. 1. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 1–145.</p>
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<p>Smith, A.R. (1971) <em>Thalictrum reniforme</em>. <em>Curtis’s Botanical Magazine</em> 178: tab. 592.</p>
<p>Tanaka, N., Kadota, Y. & Murata, J. (2010) New or noteworthy plant collection from Myanmar (6): Ranunculaceae of Mt. Victoria, Chin State, Myanmar. <em>The Journal of Japanese Botany</em> 85: 199‒212.</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code)</em>. <em>Regnum Vegetabile </em>159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, 254 pp.</p>
<p>Wallich, N. (1831) <em>Plantae Asiaticae Rariores; or Descriptions and Figures of a Select Number of Unpublished East Indian Plants</em>, vol. 2. Treuttel and Würtz, London, 200 pp.</p>
<p>Wang, W.T. (1985) <em>Thalictrum</em> L. <em>In</em>: Wu, C.Y. (Ed.) <em>Flora Xizangica</em>, vol. 2. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 63‒76.</p>
<p>Wang, W.T. (2000a) <em>Thalictrum</em> L. <em>In</em>: Fu, L.K. & Hong, T. (Eds.) <em>Higher Plants of China</em>, vol. 3. Qingdao Publishing House, Qingdao, pp. 459‒481.</p>
<p>Wang, W.T. (2000b) <em>Thalictrum</em> L.<em> In</em>: Wu, Z.Y. (Ed.) <em>Flora Yunnanica</em>, vol. 11. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 153–177.</p>
<p>Wang, W.T. (2014) <em>Thalictrum cuonaense</em>, a new species of Ranunculaceae from Xizang. <em>Plant Diversity and Resources</em> 36: 791−792.</p>
<p>Wang, W.T. (2018) <em>Thalictrum (Ranunculaceae) in China</em>. Peking University Press, Beijing, 376 pp.</p>
<p>Wang, W.T. & Liu, B. (2016) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: Wang, W.T. & Liu, B. (Eds.) <em>Higher Plants of China in Colour</em>, vol. 3. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 332−451.</p>
<p>Wang, W.T. & Wang, S.H. (1979) <em>Thalictrum</em> L. <em>In</em>: Anonymous (Ed.) <em>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae</em>, vol. 27. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 502–592.</p>
<p>Xie, L., Wang, Z.T., Liu, Q., Li, S.M., Li, Y.S., Song, R.K., Zhao, S.M., Han, L.T., Wang, W., Yu, L., Qian, J.S., Yang, X.W., Zhang, Y.T., Qiao, X., Yang, X.B., Cong, X., Ma, T., Dong, S.Z., Wang, A.N., He, Z.Y. & Pei, J. (2016) <em>Thalictrum</em> L. <em>In</em>: Ai, T.M. & Wei, F.N. (Eds.) <em>Medical Flora of China</em>, vol. 3. Peking University Medical Press, Beijing, pp. 231‒287.</p>
<p>Yonekura, K. (2008) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: Ohba, H., Iokawa, Y. & Sharma, L.R. (Eds.) <em>Flora of Mustang, Nepal</em>. Kodansha Scientific Ltd., Tokyo, pp. 61‒94.</p>
<p>Yuan, Q., Ren, C. & Yang, Q.E. (2018) Clarification of the taxonomic identity of the Himalayan species <em>Thalictrum neurocarpum</em> (Ranunculaceae), with the reduction of <em>T. austrotibeticum </em>to its synonymy. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 338: 195–201. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.2.4</p>
<p>Zeng, Y.P., Yuan, Q. & Yang, Q.E. (2020) <em>Thalictrum punduanum </em>var. <em>hirtellum </em>(Ranunculaceae), another new synonym of <em>T. neurocarpum</em>. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 442: 89‒100. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.442.2.4</p>
<p>Candolle, A.P. de (1824) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: <em>Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis</em>, vol. 1. Treuttel & Würtz, Paris, pp. 2–66.</p>
<p>Chen, Y.S. (2019) <em>Flora of Pan-Himalaya</em>: <em>A Preliminary Catalogue of Vascular Plants in the Pan-Himalaya</em>. Science Press, Beijing, 371 pp.</p>
<p>Collett, H. (1902) <em>Flora Simlensis, a Handbook of the Flowering Plants of Simla and the Neighbourhood</em>. London, W. Thacker & Co., 652 pp.</p>
<p>Duthie, J.F. (1906) <em>Catalogue of the Plants of Kumaon and of the Adjacent Portions of Garhwal and Tibet</em>. London, Lovell Reeve & Co., 269 pp.</p>
<p>Franchet, A. (1886) Plantas yunnanenses a cl. J. M. Delavay collectas enumerat novasque describit (1). <em>Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France </em>33: 358–467. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1886.10828470</p>
<p>Franchet, A. (1889‒1890) <em>Plantae Delavayanae</em>. Paul Klincksieck, Paris, 240 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10529</p>
<p>Fu, D.Z. & Zhu, G.H. (2001) <em>Thalictrum</em> Linnaeus. <em>In</em>: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) <em>Flora of China</em>, vol. 6. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 282–302.</p>
<p>Ghimire, S.K., Subedi, C.K., Budha-Magar, S., Adhikari, M., Pandey, T.R., Awasthi, B., Thapa-Magar, S., Paudeyal, M.R., Ghimire, K.M., Shrestha, B.B., Bhatt, G.D., Joshi, L.R., Paudel, A., Chapagain, D.J. & Gurung, J. (2021) <em>Flora of Kailash Sacred Landscape Nepal: An Annotated Checklist</em>, vol. 1. Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 350 pp.</p>
<p>Grierson, A.J.C. (1984) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. (Eds.) <em>Flora of Bhutan</em>, vol. 1, part 2. Royal Botanical Garden, Edinburgh, London, pp. 283−321.</p>
<p>Hara, H. (1966) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: <em>The Flora of Eastern Himalaya</em>. The University of Tokyo, Japan, pp. 86–92.</p>
<p>Hara, H. (1971) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: <em>The Flora of Eastern Himalaya</em>, 2nd report. The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, pp. 27‒34.</p>
<p>Hara, H. (1979) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: Hara, H. & Williams, L.H.J. (Eds.) <em>An Enumeration of the Flowering Plants of Nepal</em>, vol. 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 9–23.</p>
<p>Hooker, J.D. & Thomson, T. (1855) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: <em>Flora Indica</em>, vol. 1. W. Pamplin, London, pp. 1–60.</p>
<p>Hooker, J.D. & Thomson, T. (1872) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: Hooker, J.D. (Ed.) <em>Flora of British India</em>, vol. 1. L. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 1–30.</p>
<p>Lauener, L.A. (1978) The typification of Royle’s Ranunculaceae. <em>Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh</em> 36: 127‒137.</p>
<p>Lecoyer, J.C. (1885) Monographie du genre <em>Thalictrum</em>. <em>Bulletin de la Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique</em> 24: 78–324.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum</em>. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 1200 pp.</p>
<p>Marquand, C.V.B. (1929) The botanical collection made by Captain F. Kingdon Ward in the eastern Himalaya and Tibet in 1924–1925. <em>The</em> <em>Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany</em> 48: 149–229. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1929.tb00587.x</p>
<p>McNeill, J. (2014) Holotype specimens and type citations: General issues. <em>Taxon</em> 63: 1112−1113. https://doi.org/10.12705/635.7</p>
<p>Naithani, H.B. (1990) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: <em>Flowering Plants of India, Nepal and Bhutan</em>. Rohini Printers & Publishers, Dehra Dun, pp. 1–16.</p>
<p>Ohba, H. & Akiyama, S. (1992) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: <em>The Alpine Flora of the Jaljale Himal, East Nepal</em>. The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, pp. 16‒20.</p>
<p>Ohba, H. & Ikeda, H. (1999) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: <em>A Contribution to the Flora of Ganesh Himal, Central Nepal</em>. The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, pp. 24‒25.</p>
<p>Ohba, H. & Ikeda, H. (2000) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: <em>The Flora of Hinku and Hunku Valleys, East Nepal</em>. The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, pp. 51‒57.</p>
<p>Polunin, O. & Stainton, J.D.A. (1984) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: Polunin, O. & Stainton, J.D.A. (Eds.) <em>Flowers of the Himalaya</em>. Oxford University Press, New Delhi, pp. 1‒18.</p>
<p>Press, J.R., Shrestha, K.K. & Sutton, D.A. (2000) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: <em>Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal</em>. The Natural History Museum, London, pp. 248‒258.</p>
<p>Rau, M.A. (1993) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: Sharma, B.D., Balakrishnan, N.P., Rao, R.R. & Hajra, P.K. (Eds.) <em>Flora of India</em>, vol. 1. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 1–145.</p>
<p>Royle, J.F. (1834) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: <em>Illustrations of the Botany and Other Branches of the Natural History of the Himalayan Mountains, and of the flora of Cashmere</em>, vol. 1. Wm. H. Allen & Co., London, pp. 51–57.</p>
<p>Smith, A.R. (1971) <em>Thalictrum reniforme</em>. <em>Curtis’s Botanical Magazine</em> 178: tab. 592.</p>
<p>Tanaka, N., Kadota, Y. & Murata, J. (2010) New or noteworthy plant collection from Myanmar (6): Ranunculaceae of Mt. Victoria, Chin State, Myanmar. <em>The Journal of Japanese Botany</em> 85: 199‒212.</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code)</em>. <em>Regnum Vegetabile </em>159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, 254 pp.</p>
<p>Wallich, N. (1831) <em>Plantae Asiaticae Rariores; or Descriptions and Figures of a Select Number of Unpublished East Indian Plants</em>, vol. 2. Treuttel and Würtz, London, 200 pp.</p>
<p>Wang, W.T. (1985) <em>Thalictrum</em> L. <em>In</em>: Wu, C.Y. (Ed.) <em>Flora Xizangica</em>, vol. 2. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 63‒76.</p>
<p>Wang, W.T. (2000a) <em>Thalictrum</em> L. <em>In</em>: Fu, L.K. & Hong, T. (Eds.) <em>Higher Plants of China</em>, vol. 3. Qingdao Publishing House, Qingdao, pp. 459‒481.</p>
<p>Wang, W.T. (2000b) <em>Thalictrum</em> L.<em> In</em>: Wu, Z.Y. (Ed.) <em>Flora Yunnanica</em>, vol. 11. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 153–177.</p>
<p>Wang, W.T. (2014) <em>Thalictrum cuonaense</em>, a new species of Ranunculaceae from Xizang. <em>Plant Diversity and Resources</em> 36: 791−792.</p>
<p>Wang, W.T. (2018) <em>Thalictrum (Ranunculaceae) in China</em>. Peking University Press, Beijing, 376 pp.</p>
<p>Wang, W.T. & Liu, B. (2016) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: Wang, W.T. & Liu, B. (Eds.) <em>Higher Plants of China in Colour</em>, vol. 3. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 332−451.</p>
<p>Wang, W.T. & Wang, S.H. (1979) <em>Thalictrum</em> L. <em>In</em>: Anonymous (Ed.) <em>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae</em>, vol. 27. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 502–592.</p>
<p>Xie, L., Wang, Z.T., Liu, Q., Li, S.M., Li, Y.S., Song, R.K., Zhao, S.M., Han, L.T., Wang, W., Yu, L., Qian, J.S., Yang, X.W., Zhang, Y.T., Qiao, X., Yang, X.B., Cong, X., Ma, T., Dong, S.Z., Wang, A.N., He, Z.Y. & Pei, J. (2016) <em>Thalictrum</em> L. <em>In</em>: Ai, T.M. & Wei, F.N. (Eds.) <em>Medical Flora of China</em>, vol. 3. Peking University Medical Press, Beijing, pp. 231‒287.</p>
<p>Yonekura, K. (2008) Ranunculaceae. <em>In</em>: Ohba, H., Iokawa, Y. & Sharma, L.R. (Eds.) <em>Flora of Mustang, Nepal</em>. Kodansha Scientific Ltd., Tokyo, pp. 61‒94.</p>
<p>Yuan, Q., Ren, C. & Yang, Q.E. (2018) Clarification of the taxonomic identity of the Himalayan species <em>Thalictrum neurocarpum</em> (Ranunculaceae), with the reduction of <em>T. austrotibeticum </em>to its synonymy. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 338: 195–201. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.2.4</p>
<p>Zeng, Y.P., Yuan, Q. & Yang, Q.E. (2020) <em>Thalictrum punduanum </em>var. <em>hirtellum </em>(Ranunculaceae), another new synonym of <em>T. neurocarpum</em>. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 442: 89‒100. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.442.2.4</p>