Abstract
Material derived from the hybrid between Kalanchoe blossfeldiana and K. pumila (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) has proven to present a useful genetic resource in the global, especially indoor, horticultural trade. Various named and unnamed selections that likely have the formula K. blossfeldiana × K. pumila, or that at least have one or both of these two species in their genetic makeup, are available. However, to date this hybrid has not been provided with a name to facilitate communication about it, including about aspects of its biology, such as character inheritance. Material derived from K. blossfeldiana × K. pumila is here described as K. ×trageri. Reference is made to cultivars that likely have been based on K. ×trageri, or even on K. pumila, the species.
References
<p>Adanson, M. (1763) <em>Familles des Plantes</em>.<em> Seconde Partie. Etat actuel de la Botanike</em>. Chez Vincent, Imprimeur-Libraire de M<sup>gt</sup> le Comte de Provence, Paris, 640 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/6958#page/794/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Bailey, L.H. & Bailey, E.Z. [revised and expanded by The Staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium]. (1976) <em>Hortus Third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada</em>. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, 1290 pp.</p>
<p>Baker, J.G. (1881 [21 February]) Notes on a collection of flowering plants made by L. Kitching, Esq., in Madagascar in 1879 (Plates VII. & VIII.). <em>Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany</em> (<em>London</em>) 18: 264–281. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/8373#page/271/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Baker, J.G. (1883 [1884; published 24 March 1883]) Contributions to the flora of Madagascar.—Part I. Polypetalæ [Plates XXII & XXIII]. <em>Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany</em> (<em>London</em>) 20: 87–158. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/8375#page/94/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Baldwin, J.T. Jr. (1938 [October]) <em>Kalanchoe</em>: the genus and its chromosomes. <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 25 (8): 572–579. https://doi.org/10.2307/2436516</p>
<p>Bloemen Bureau Holland. (1999/2000) <em>Potplanten, pot plants, Topfpflanzen, plantes en pot, piante da vaso, planta en particular</em>. <em>1999/2000</em>. Bloemen Bureau Holland, Leiden, 150 pp.</p>
<p>Brickell, C. (Editor-in-Chief). (1998) <em>The Royal Horticultural Society A–Z Encyclopedia of garden plants</em>. Corrected reprint. Dorling Kindersley, London, 1080 pp.</p>
<p>Brickell, C. (Editor-in-Chief). (2003) <em>The Royal Horticultural Society A–Z Encyclopedia of garden plants</em>. Revised edition. Vol. 2. K–Z. Dorling Kindersley Limited, London, pp. 592–1128.</p>
<p>Brown, N.E. (1913) 1436. Diagnoses Africanae LIII. <em>Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew</em> 1913 (3): 118–123. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43726#page/123/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Brown Folsom, D., Trager, J.N., Folsom, J., Clements, J. & Scott, N. (1995) <em>Dry climate gardening with succulents</em>. <em>In</em>: E. McDonald (Series Ed.), The American Garden Guides. Pantheon Books, Knopf Publishing Group, New York, 224 pp.</p>
<p>Bryant, G., Bryant, K., Rutherford, B. & Vogan, R. (2005) Cacti & Succulents. <em>Kalanchoe</em>. <em>In</em>: L. Barnard, A. Edwards, K. Etherington, D. Imwold, E. King, M. Malone & J. Parker (Eds.) <em>The ultimate plant book</em>. New Holland, London, 1024 pp.</p>
<p>Crouch, N.R., Smith, G.F., Walters, M. & Figueiredo, E. (2016) <em>Kalanchoe winteri</em> Gideon F.Sm., N.R.Crouch & Mich.Walters (Crassulaceae), a new species from the Wolkberg Centre of Endemism, South Africa. <em>Bradleya</em> 34: 217–224. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n34.2016.a9</p>
<p>Durrant, L. (Comp.). (2020) <em>Kalanchoe</em>. Crassulaceae. <em>In</em>: J. Cubey (Editor-in-Chief), <em>RHS plant finder 2020</em>. 34<sup>th</sup> edn. Royal Horticultural Society, London, 990 pp.</p>
<p>Eller, B.M. & Willi, P. (1977) Die Bedeutung der Wachsausblühungen auf Blättern von <em>Kalanchoe pumila</em> Baker für die Absorption der Globalstrahlung. <em>Flora</em> 166: 461–474.</p>
<p>Engler, A. (1894) Über die Gliederung der Flora Usambara und der angrenzenden Gebiete. [<em>Kalanchoe lateritia</em> Engl. cryptically described on p. 19.] <em>Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie derWissenschaften zu</em> <em>Berlin </em>1894: 1–86. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92793#page/55/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Engler, A. (Ed.) (1895) Verzeichniss der bis jetzt aus Ost-Afrika bekannt gewordenen Pflanzen. <em>Die Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afrikas und der Nachbargebiete</em>. Theil C. [<em>Kalanchoe lateritia</em> Engl. more fully described on p. 189.] Geographische Verlagshandlung Dietrich Reimer, Berlin, pp. 1–433. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10523#page/194/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Figueiredo, E., Smith, G.F. & Crouch, N.R. (2016) The taxonomy and type of <em>Kalanchoe sexangularis</em> N.E.Br. (Crassulaceae). <em>Bradleya</em> 34: 92–99. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n34.2016.a24</p>
<p>Flower Council of Holland. (2004) <em>Plants from Holland naturally. 2005/2006. Potplanten, pot plants, Topfpflanzen, plantes en pot, piante da vaso, plantas de maceta</em>. Flower Council of Holland, Leiden, 134 pp.</p>
<p>Friedmann, F. (1971) Sur de nouveaux nombres chromosomiques dans le genre <em>Kalanchoë</em> (Crassulacees) à Madagascar. <em>Condollea</em> 26: 103–107.</p>
<p>Graf, A.B. (1980 [January]) <em>Exotica series 3. Pictorial cyclopedia of exotic plants from tropical regions</em>. [<em>12,000 illustrations, 204 plants in colour, guide to care of plants indoors, horticultural colour guide, plant geography</em>]. 10<sup>th</sup> edn. Roehrs Company Inc., E. Rutherford, N.J. 07073, USA, 1834 pp.</p>
<p>Hamet, R. (1908) <em>Kalanchoe luciae</em> sp. nov. <em>Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier</em>, sér. 2, 8: 254–257. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104945#page/290/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Hamet, R. & Perrier de la Bâthie, J.M.H.A. (1912) Contribution à l’étude des Crassulacées malgaches. <em>Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Botanique</em>, sér. 9, 16: 361–377. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24564#page/771/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Haworth, A.H. (1824 [September]) XXXI. Decas novarum Plantarum Succulentarum. (“Mr Haworth’s <em>Decade of new Succulent Plants</em>.”) [<em>Crassula rotundifolia</em> Haw. described on p. 188]. <em>The Philosophical Magazine and Journal</em> 64: 184–191. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53102#page/208/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Haworth, A.H. (1825 [06 July]) III. Decas quarta novarum Plantarum Succulentarum (“Mr Haworth’s <em>Fourth Decade of new Succulent Plants</em>.”) [<em>Kalanchoe rotundifolia</em> (Haw.) Haw. published on p. 31]. <em>The Philosophical Magazine and Journal</em> 66: 27–33. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53098#page/49/mode/1up]</p>
<p>IPNI. (2022+) <em>The International Plant Names Index</em>. Available from: https://www.ipni.org/ (continuously updated; accessed 2022).</p>
<p>Koorders, S.H. (1919 [Mai] [24 October 1918]) Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Flora von Java No. 18. Beschreibung von <em>Kalanchoë Schumacheri</em> vom Idjen-Plateau und Revision der Crassulaceae von Java. (Mit 2 lithographischen Tafeln.). <em>Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg</em> sér. 3, 1 (3): 169–180, Figures 14 and 15. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27173#page/205/mode/1up (text); https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27173#page/243/mode/1up (figures)</p>
<p>Merrick, J. (Comp.). (2008) <em>Kalanchoe</em>. Crassulaceae. <em>In</em>: Armitage, J., Cubey, J., Edwards, D. & Lancaster, N. (Eds.) <em>RHS plant finder 2008–2009</em>. Compiled by the Royal Horticultural Society. 22<sup>nd</sup> edn. Dorling Kindersley Ltd, London, 970 pp.</p>
<p>Orton, T.J. (2019) <em>Horticultural plant breeding</em>. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (U.S.A.), and Oxford, 400 pp.</p>
<p>Raymond-Hamet. (1916) Sur un groupe de transition reliant le genre <em>Kalanchoe</em> au genre <em>Cotyledon</em>. <em>Revue Générale de Botanique. Paris</em> XXVIII: 80–84. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45180#page/83/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Raymond-Hamet. (1933) Observations sur le <em>Kalanchoe uniflora</em> (Stapf) Raymond-Hamet. <em>Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France</em> 80 (4): 542–548. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1933.10833878</p>
<p>Salisbury, R.A. (1805 [1 June 1805]) <em>The Paradisus Londinensis: or coloured figures of plants cultivated in the vicinity of the metropolis</em> 1. Published by William Hooker, No. 6, Frith Street, city not stated, presumably London, 157 pp. & 117 plates. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53520</p>
<p>Sharma, A.K. & Ghosh, S. (1967) Cytotaxonomy of Crassulaceae. <em>Biologisches Zentralblatt</em> 86 (supplement): 313–336.</p>
<p>Shaw, J.M.H. (2008) An investigation of the cultivated <em>Kalanchoe daigremontiana</em> group, with a checklist of <em>Kalanchoe</em> cultivars. <em>Hanburyana</em> 3: 17–79.</p>
<p>Smith, G.F. (2020a) <em>Kalanchoe</em> Adans. subg. <em>Fernandesiae</em> Gideon F.Sm. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new subgenus from southern and south-tropical Africa. <em>Haseltonia</em> 27: 2–7. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.027.0101</p>
<p>Smith, G.F. (2020b) <em>Kalanchoe</em> ×<em>estrelae</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): a new nothospecies for the hybrid between <em>K. luciae</em> and <em>K. sexangularis</em>. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 441 (2): 225–228. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.2.11</p>
<p>Smith, G.F. (2020c) Character inheritance in <em>Kalanchoe </em>‘Vivien’ Bischofberger (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a cultivar derived from an interspecific hybrid between two southern African species (<em>K. luciae </em>Raym.-Hamet × <em>K. sexangularis </em>N.E.Br.). <em>Bradleya</em> 38: 3–13. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n38.2020.a1</p>
<p>Smith, G.F. (2020d). Zwei Neuzugänge im <em>Kalanchoe</em>-Gartenbau: <em>K</em>. ×<em>estrelae</em> and <em>K</em>. ×<em>gunniae</em>. / Two recent additions to <em>Kalanchoe</em> horticulture: <em>K</em>. ×<em>estrelae</em> and <em>K</em>. ×<em>gunniae</em>. <em>Avonia</em> 38 (4): 322–327.</p>
<p>Smith, G.F. (2020e) <em>Kalanchoe</em> ×<em>hankeyi</em> [= <em>K. longiflora</em> × <em>K. sexangularis</em>] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new nothospecies from South Africa. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 451 (1): 93–96. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.451.1.9</p>
<p>Smith, G.F. (2021a) Reinstatement of <em>Kalanchoe</em> [subg. <em>Bryophyllum</em>] sect. <em>Alatae</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) for <em>K. porphyrocalyx</em> and <em>K. uniflora</em>, two Madagascan endemics. <em>Bradleya</em> 39: 177–181. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a17</p>
<p>Smith, G.F. (2021b) <em>Kalanchoe</em> ×<em>leistneri</em> (<em>K. sexangularis</em> × <em>K. winteri</em>) (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new southern African nothospecies. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 509 (2): 248–254. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.8</p>
<p>Smith, G.F. (2022) Notes on <em>Kalanchoe</em> subg. <em>Bryophyllum</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and the kalanchoes of Koorders (1919). <em>Phytotaxa</em>. In press.</p>
<p>Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018) The infrageneric classification and nomenclature of <em>Kalanchoe </em>Adans. (Crassulaceae), with special reference to the southern African species. <em>Bradleya </em>36: 162–172. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n36.2018.a10</p>
<p>Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A.E. (2019) Kalanchoe <em>(Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation</em>. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (USA), and Oxford, 328 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-00602-X</p>
<p>Smith, G.F., Klein, D.-P. & Shtein, R. (2021b) A revision of the Malagasy <em>Kalanchoe</em> subg. <em>Kitchingia</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): history, taxonomy, and nomenclature. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 507 (1): 67–80. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.507.1.3</p>
<p>Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022) (0000) Proposal to reject the name Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae (Crassulaceae). <em>Taxon</em> 71. In press.</p>
<p>Smith, G.F. & Shtein, R. (2021) A review of horticulturally desirable characters in <em>Kalanchoe</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): variable and deviating vegetative and reproductive morphologies useful in breeding programmes. <em>Haseltonia</em> 28 : 106–119. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.028.0110</p>
<p>Smith, G.F., Shtein, R. & Klein, D.-P. (2021a) <em>Kalanchoe</em> subg. <em>Alatae</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new rank for <em>K</em>. sect. <em>Alatae</em>. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 509 (2): 255–258. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.9</p>
<p>Smith, G.F., Shtein, R., Klein, D.-P., Parihar, B., Almeida, A., Rodewald, S. & Kadereit, G. (2021c) Sexual and asexual reproduction in <em>Kalanchoe</em> (Crassulaceae): a review of known and newly recorded strategies. <em>Haseltonia</em> 28: 2–22. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.028.0101</p>
<p>Springate, L.S. (1995) Crassulaceae. 3. <em>Kalanchöe </em>Adanson. <em>In</em>: Cullen, J., Alexander, J.C.M., Brady, A., Brickell, C.D., Green, P.S., Heywood, V.H., Jörgensen, P.-M., Jury, S.L., Knees, S.G., Leslie, A.C., Matthews, V.A., Robson, N.K.B., Walters, S.M., Wijnands, D.O. & Yeo, P.F. (Eds.) <em>The European Garden Flora. A manual for the identification of plants cultivated in Europe, both out-of-doors and under glass. Vol. IV. Dicotyledons (Part II)</em>. Press Syndicate of the Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York and Melbourne, pp. 178–185.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2022+ [continuously updated]) <em>Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 2022)</p>
<p>Tölken, H.R. (1978) Two new species and a new combination in the genus <em>Kalanchoe</em>. <em>Journal of South African Botany</em> 44: 89–91. [https://archive.org/stream/journalofsouthaf44unse#page/90/mode/2up]</p>
<p>Tölken, H.R. (1983) <em>Kalanchoe sexangularis</em>. Natal, Swaziland, Transvaal and Zimbabwe. Crassulaceae. <em>The Flowering Plants of Africa</em> 47 (2): plate 1878.</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017</em>. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten. [Regnum Vegetabile 159], 254 pp. [https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php]</p>
<p>United States Plant Patent. (2017 [7 March]) O’Connell. <em>Kalanchoe</em> plant named “Bordeaux”. Appl. No.: 14/756,715; Filed: Oct. 1, 2015. Date of Patent: Mar, 7 2017. US PP27,760 P2, 6 pp., including three Figures. [https://patents.google.com/patent/USPP27760P2/en]</p>
<p>Van Voorst, A. & Arends, J.C. (1982) The origin and chromosome numbers of cultivars of <em>Kalanchoe blossfeldiana</em> Von Poelln.: their history and evolution. <em>Euphytica</em> 31 (3): 573–584.</p>
<p>Von Poellnitz, [J.]K.[L.A.]. (1934) XV. <em>Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana</em>. <em>Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. Centralblatt für Sammlung und Veröffentlichung von Einzeldiagnosen Neuer Pflanzen</em> 35: 159–160. [https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/14775/?offset=#page=171&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=]</p>
<p>Wood, J. Medley. (1903) <em>Kalanchoe longiflora</em>, Schlechter, MSS. Natural Order, Crassulaceae. <em>Natal Plants</em>, vol. 4, part I. Plate 320 [lacking page numbers]. Bennett & Davis, Durban.</p>
<p>Bailey, L.H. & Bailey, E.Z. [revised and expanded by The Staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium]. (1976) <em>Hortus Third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada</em>. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, 1290 pp.</p>
<p>Baker, J.G. (1881 [21 February]) Notes on a collection of flowering plants made by L. Kitching, Esq., in Madagascar in 1879 (Plates VII. & VIII.). <em>Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany</em> (<em>London</em>) 18: 264–281. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/8373#page/271/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Baker, J.G. (1883 [1884; published 24 March 1883]) Contributions to the flora of Madagascar.—Part I. Polypetalæ [Plates XXII & XXIII]. <em>Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany</em> (<em>London</em>) 20: 87–158. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/8375#page/94/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Baldwin, J.T. Jr. (1938 [October]) <em>Kalanchoe</em>: the genus and its chromosomes. <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 25 (8): 572–579. https://doi.org/10.2307/2436516</p>
<p>Bloemen Bureau Holland. (1999/2000) <em>Potplanten, pot plants, Topfpflanzen, plantes en pot, piante da vaso, planta en particular</em>. <em>1999/2000</em>. Bloemen Bureau Holland, Leiden, 150 pp.</p>
<p>Brickell, C. (Editor-in-Chief). (1998) <em>The Royal Horticultural Society A–Z Encyclopedia of garden plants</em>. Corrected reprint. Dorling Kindersley, London, 1080 pp.</p>
<p>Brickell, C. (Editor-in-Chief). (2003) <em>The Royal Horticultural Society A–Z Encyclopedia of garden plants</em>. Revised edition. Vol. 2. K–Z. Dorling Kindersley Limited, London, pp. 592–1128.</p>
<p>Brown, N.E. (1913) 1436. Diagnoses Africanae LIII. <em>Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew</em> 1913 (3): 118–123. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43726#page/123/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Brown Folsom, D., Trager, J.N., Folsom, J., Clements, J. & Scott, N. (1995) <em>Dry climate gardening with succulents</em>. <em>In</em>: E. McDonald (Series Ed.), The American Garden Guides. Pantheon Books, Knopf Publishing Group, New York, 224 pp.</p>
<p>Bryant, G., Bryant, K., Rutherford, B. & Vogan, R. (2005) Cacti & Succulents. <em>Kalanchoe</em>. <em>In</em>: L. Barnard, A. Edwards, K. Etherington, D. Imwold, E. King, M. Malone & J. Parker (Eds.) <em>The ultimate plant book</em>. New Holland, London, 1024 pp.</p>
<p>Crouch, N.R., Smith, G.F., Walters, M. & Figueiredo, E. (2016) <em>Kalanchoe winteri</em> Gideon F.Sm., N.R.Crouch & Mich.Walters (Crassulaceae), a new species from the Wolkberg Centre of Endemism, South Africa. <em>Bradleya</em> 34: 217–224. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n34.2016.a9</p>
<p>Durrant, L. (Comp.). (2020) <em>Kalanchoe</em>. Crassulaceae. <em>In</em>: J. Cubey (Editor-in-Chief), <em>RHS plant finder 2020</em>. 34<sup>th</sup> edn. Royal Horticultural Society, London, 990 pp.</p>
<p>Eller, B.M. & Willi, P. (1977) Die Bedeutung der Wachsausblühungen auf Blättern von <em>Kalanchoe pumila</em> Baker für die Absorption der Globalstrahlung. <em>Flora</em> 166: 461–474.</p>
<p>Engler, A. (1894) Über die Gliederung der Flora Usambara und der angrenzenden Gebiete. [<em>Kalanchoe lateritia</em> Engl. cryptically described on p. 19.] <em>Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie derWissenschaften zu</em> <em>Berlin </em>1894: 1–86. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92793#page/55/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Engler, A. (Ed.) (1895) Verzeichniss der bis jetzt aus Ost-Afrika bekannt gewordenen Pflanzen. <em>Die Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afrikas und der Nachbargebiete</em>. Theil C. [<em>Kalanchoe lateritia</em> Engl. more fully described on p. 189.] Geographische Verlagshandlung Dietrich Reimer, Berlin, pp. 1–433. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10523#page/194/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Figueiredo, E., Smith, G.F. & Crouch, N.R. (2016) The taxonomy and type of <em>Kalanchoe sexangularis</em> N.E.Br. (Crassulaceae). <em>Bradleya</em> 34: 92–99. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n34.2016.a24</p>
<p>Flower Council of Holland. (2004) <em>Plants from Holland naturally. 2005/2006. Potplanten, pot plants, Topfpflanzen, plantes en pot, piante da vaso, plantas de maceta</em>. Flower Council of Holland, Leiden, 134 pp.</p>
<p>Friedmann, F. (1971) Sur de nouveaux nombres chromosomiques dans le genre <em>Kalanchoë</em> (Crassulacees) à Madagascar. <em>Condollea</em> 26: 103–107.</p>
<p>Graf, A.B. (1980 [January]) <em>Exotica series 3. Pictorial cyclopedia of exotic plants from tropical regions</em>. [<em>12,000 illustrations, 204 plants in colour, guide to care of plants indoors, horticultural colour guide, plant geography</em>]. 10<sup>th</sup> edn. Roehrs Company Inc., E. Rutherford, N.J. 07073, USA, 1834 pp.</p>
<p>Hamet, R. (1908) <em>Kalanchoe luciae</em> sp. nov. <em>Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier</em>, sér. 2, 8: 254–257. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104945#page/290/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Hamet, R. & Perrier de la Bâthie, J.M.H.A. (1912) Contribution à l’étude des Crassulacées malgaches. <em>Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Botanique</em>, sér. 9, 16: 361–377. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24564#page/771/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Haworth, A.H. (1824 [September]) XXXI. Decas novarum Plantarum Succulentarum. (“Mr Haworth’s <em>Decade of new Succulent Plants</em>.”) [<em>Crassula rotundifolia</em> Haw. described on p. 188]. <em>The Philosophical Magazine and Journal</em> 64: 184–191. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53102#page/208/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Haworth, A.H. (1825 [06 July]) III. Decas quarta novarum Plantarum Succulentarum (“Mr Haworth’s <em>Fourth Decade of new Succulent Plants</em>.”) [<em>Kalanchoe rotundifolia</em> (Haw.) Haw. published on p. 31]. <em>The Philosophical Magazine and Journal</em> 66: 27–33. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53098#page/49/mode/1up]</p>
<p>IPNI. (2022+) <em>The International Plant Names Index</em>. Available from: https://www.ipni.org/ (continuously updated; accessed 2022).</p>
<p>Koorders, S.H. (1919 [Mai] [24 October 1918]) Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Flora von Java No. 18. Beschreibung von <em>Kalanchoë Schumacheri</em> vom Idjen-Plateau und Revision der Crassulaceae von Java. (Mit 2 lithographischen Tafeln.). <em>Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg</em> sér. 3, 1 (3): 169–180, Figures 14 and 15. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27173#page/205/mode/1up (text); https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27173#page/243/mode/1up (figures)</p>
<p>Merrick, J. (Comp.). (2008) <em>Kalanchoe</em>. Crassulaceae. <em>In</em>: Armitage, J., Cubey, J., Edwards, D. & Lancaster, N. (Eds.) <em>RHS plant finder 2008–2009</em>. Compiled by the Royal Horticultural Society. 22<sup>nd</sup> edn. Dorling Kindersley Ltd, London, 970 pp.</p>
<p>Orton, T.J. (2019) <em>Horticultural plant breeding</em>. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (U.S.A.), and Oxford, 400 pp.</p>
<p>Raymond-Hamet. (1916) Sur un groupe de transition reliant le genre <em>Kalanchoe</em> au genre <em>Cotyledon</em>. <em>Revue Générale de Botanique. Paris</em> XXVIII: 80–84. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45180#page/83/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Raymond-Hamet. (1933) Observations sur le <em>Kalanchoe uniflora</em> (Stapf) Raymond-Hamet. <em>Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France</em> 80 (4): 542–548. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1933.10833878</p>
<p>Salisbury, R.A. (1805 [1 June 1805]) <em>The Paradisus Londinensis: or coloured figures of plants cultivated in the vicinity of the metropolis</em> 1. Published by William Hooker, No. 6, Frith Street, city not stated, presumably London, 157 pp. & 117 plates. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53520</p>
<p>Sharma, A.K. & Ghosh, S. (1967) Cytotaxonomy of Crassulaceae. <em>Biologisches Zentralblatt</em> 86 (supplement): 313–336.</p>
<p>Shaw, J.M.H. (2008) An investigation of the cultivated <em>Kalanchoe daigremontiana</em> group, with a checklist of <em>Kalanchoe</em> cultivars. <em>Hanburyana</em> 3: 17–79.</p>
<p>Smith, G.F. (2020a) <em>Kalanchoe</em> Adans. subg. <em>Fernandesiae</em> Gideon F.Sm. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new subgenus from southern and south-tropical Africa. <em>Haseltonia</em> 27: 2–7. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.027.0101</p>
<p>Smith, G.F. (2020b) <em>Kalanchoe</em> ×<em>estrelae</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): a new nothospecies for the hybrid between <em>K. luciae</em> and <em>K. sexangularis</em>. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 441 (2): 225–228. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.2.11</p>
<p>Smith, G.F. (2020c) Character inheritance in <em>Kalanchoe </em>‘Vivien’ Bischofberger (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a cultivar derived from an interspecific hybrid between two southern African species (<em>K. luciae </em>Raym.-Hamet × <em>K. sexangularis </em>N.E.Br.). <em>Bradleya</em> 38: 3–13. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n38.2020.a1</p>
<p>Smith, G.F. (2020d). Zwei Neuzugänge im <em>Kalanchoe</em>-Gartenbau: <em>K</em>. ×<em>estrelae</em> and <em>K</em>. ×<em>gunniae</em>. / Two recent additions to <em>Kalanchoe</em> horticulture: <em>K</em>. ×<em>estrelae</em> and <em>K</em>. ×<em>gunniae</em>. <em>Avonia</em> 38 (4): 322–327.</p>
<p>Smith, G.F. (2020e) <em>Kalanchoe</em> ×<em>hankeyi</em> [= <em>K. longiflora</em> × <em>K. sexangularis</em>] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new nothospecies from South Africa. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 451 (1): 93–96. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.451.1.9</p>
<p>Smith, G.F. (2021a) Reinstatement of <em>Kalanchoe</em> [subg. <em>Bryophyllum</em>] sect. <em>Alatae</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) for <em>K. porphyrocalyx</em> and <em>K. uniflora</em>, two Madagascan endemics. <em>Bradleya</em> 39: 177–181. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a17</p>
<p>Smith, G.F. (2021b) <em>Kalanchoe</em> ×<em>leistneri</em> (<em>K. sexangularis</em> × <em>K. winteri</em>) (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new southern African nothospecies. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 509 (2): 248–254. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.8</p>
<p>Smith, G.F. (2022) Notes on <em>Kalanchoe</em> subg. <em>Bryophyllum</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and the kalanchoes of Koorders (1919). <em>Phytotaxa</em>. In press.</p>
<p>Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018) The infrageneric classification and nomenclature of <em>Kalanchoe </em>Adans. (Crassulaceae), with special reference to the southern African species. <em>Bradleya </em>36: 162–172. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n36.2018.a10</p>
<p>Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A.E. (2019) Kalanchoe <em>(Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation</em>. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (USA), and Oxford, 328 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-00602-X</p>
<p>Smith, G.F., Klein, D.-P. & Shtein, R. (2021b) A revision of the Malagasy <em>Kalanchoe</em> subg. <em>Kitchingia</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): history, taxonomy, and nomenclature. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 507 (1): 67–80. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.507.1.3</p>
<p>Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022) (0000) Proposal to reject the name Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae (Crassulaceae). <em>Taxon</em> 71. In press.</p>
<p>Smith, G.F. & Shtein, R. (2021) A review of horticulturally desirable characters in <em>Kalanchoe</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): variable and deviating vegetative and reproductive morphologies useful in breeding programmes. <em>Haseltonia</em> 28 : 106–119. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.028.0110</p>
<p>Smith, G.F., Shtein, R. & Klein, D.-P. (2021a) <em>Kalanchoe</em> subg. <em>Alatae</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new rank for <em>K</em>. sect. <em>Alatae</em>. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 509 (2): 255–258. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.9</p>
<p>Smith, G.F., Shtein, R., Klein, D.-P., Parihar, B., Almeida, A., Rodewald, S. & Kadereit, G. (2021c) Sexual and asexual reproduction in <em>Kalanchoe</em> (Crassulaceae): a review of known and newly recorded strategies. <em>Haseltonia</em> 28: 2–22. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.028.0101</p>
<p>Springate, L.S. (1995) Crassulaceae. 3. <em>Kalanchöe </em>Adanson. <em>In</em>: Cullen, J., Alexander, J.C.M., Brady, A., Brickell, C.D., Green, P.S., Heywood, V.H., Jörgensen, P.-M., Jury, S.L., Knees, S.G., Leslie, A.C., Matthews, V.A., Robson, N.K.B., Walters, S.M., Wijnands, D.O. & Yeo, P.F. (Eds.) <em>The European Garden Flora. A manual for the identification of plants cultivated in Europe, both out-of-doors and under glass. Vol. IV. Dicotyledons (Part II)</em>. Press Syndicate of the Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York and Melbourne, pp. 178–185.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2022+ [continuously updated]) <em>Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 2022)</p>
<p>Tölken, H.R. (1978) Two new species and a new combination in the genus <em>Kalanchoe</em>. <em>Journal of South African Botany</em> 44: 89–91. [https://archive.org/stream/journalofsouthaf44unse#page/90/mode/2up]</p>
<p>Tölken, H.R. (1983) <em>Kalanchoe sexangularis</em>. Natal, Swaziland, Transvaal and Zimbabwe. Crassulaceae. <em>The Flowering Plants of Africa</em> 47 (2): plate 1878.</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017</em>. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten. [Regnum Vegetabile 159], 254 pp. [https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php]</p>
<p>United States Plant Patent. (2017 [7 March]) O’Connell. <em>Kalanchoe</em> plant named “Bordeaux”. Appl. No.: 14/756,715; Filed: Oct. 1, 2015. Date of Patent: Mar, 7 2017. US PP27,760 P2, 6 pp., including three Figures. [https://patents.google.com/patent/USPP27760P2/en]</p>
<p>Van Voorst, A. & Arends, J.C. (1982) The origin and chromosome numbers of cultivars of <em>Kalanchoe blossfeldiana</em> Von Poelln.: their history and evolution. <em>Euphytica</em> 31 (3): 573–584.</p>
<p>Von Poellnitz, [J.]K.[L.A.]. (1934) XV. <em>Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana</em>. <em>Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. Centralblatt für Sammlung und Veröffentlichung von Einzeldiagnosen Neuer Pflanzen</em> 35: 159–160. [https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/14775/?offset=#page=171&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=]</p>
<p>Wood, J. Medley. (1903) <em>Kalanchoe longiflora</em>, Schlechter, MSS. Natural Order, Crassulaceae. <em>Natal Plants</em>, vol. 4, part I. Plate 320 [lacking page numbers]. Bennett & Davis, Durban.</p>