Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2018-08-14
Page range: 211–226
Abstract views: 32
PDF downloaded: 1

Phylogenetic and morphological characterization of Byssosphaeria macarangae sp. nov., and B. taiwanense sp. nov. from Macaranga tanarius

Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan
Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Fungi 2 new species Dothideomycetes Macaranga phylogeny taxonomy

Abstract

Byssosphaeria species were collected from Macaranga tanarius (Euphorbiaceae) in Shihnong forest area in Chiayi, Taiwan and subjected to morphological examination and DNA sequence analyses. Two new taxa, Byssosphaeria macarangae sp. nov and B. taiwanense sp. nov are herein described. Both species can be distinguished from other Byssosphaeria species based on distinct size differences in asci, ascospores and DNA sequence data. Detailed descriptions, micrographs and phylogenetic data of the new species are provided.

References

<p class="Reference">Almeida, D.A.C., Gusmão, L.F.P. &amp; Miller, A.N. (2017) A new species of <em>Bertiella</em> (Melanommataceae) from Brazil and a key to accepted species. <em>Mycosphere</em> 8: 392–8396.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/8/4/1</p><p class="Reference">Ariyawansa, H.A., Hyde, K.D., Jayasiri, S.C., Buyck, B., Kandawatte, W.T.C., Cui, Y.Y., Dai, D.Q., Dai, Y.C., Daranagama, D.A., Jayawardena, R.S., Lucking, R., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Niskanen, T., Thambugala, K.M., Voigt, K., Zhao, R.L., Boonmee, S., Bahkali, A.H., Chen, J., Cui, B.K., Dayarathne, M.C., Dissanayake, A.J., Ekanayaka, A.H., Hashimoto, A., Hongsanan, S., Jones, E.B.G., Larsson, E., Lewis, D., Li, W.J., Li, Q.R., Liu, J.K., Luo, Z.L., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Mapook, A., McKenzie, E.H.C., Norphanphoun, C., Pang, K.L., Perera, R.H., Phookamsak, R., Phukhamsakda, C., Randrianjohany, E., Senanayake, I.C., Singtripop, C., Shang, Q., Tanaka K, Tian, Q., Tian, C.M., Tibpromma, S., Verbeken, A., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wijayawardene, N.N., Zhang, J.F., Zhang, H., Abdel-Aziz, F.A., Adamck, S., Ammirati, J.F., Bulgakov, T., Cabral, A.L., Callaghan, T.M., Callac, P., Chang, C.H., Coca, L.F., Dal-Forno, M., Dollhofer, V., Fliegerova, K., Greiner, K., Griffith, G.W., Ho, H.M., Hofstetter, V., Jeewon, R., Kang, J.C., Kirk, P.M., Kytovuori, I., Lawrey, J.D., Li, J.X.H., Liu, Z.Y., Zhong, X.L., Liimatainen, K., Lumbsch, H.T., Matumura, M., Moncada, B., Nuankaew, S., Parnmen, S., Santiago, M.D.A., Sato, G., Sommai, S., Song, Y., De Souza, C.A.F., De Souza-Motta, C.M., Su, H.Y., Suetrong, S., Wang, Y., Wei, S.F., Wen, T.C., Shen, H., Yuan, H.S., Zhou, L.W., Reblova, M., Fournier, J. &amp; Camporesi, E. (2015) Fungal Diversity Notes 111-252 Taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 75: 27–274.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0346-5</p><p class="Reference">Barr, M.E. (1983) Muriform ascospores in class ascomycetes. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 18: 149–157.</p><p class="Reference">Barr, M.E. (1984) <em>Herpotrichia</em> and its segregates. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 20: 1–38.</p><p class="Reference">Barr, M.E. (1990) Melanommatales (Loculoascomycetes). <em>North American Flora</em> Series (II): 1–129</p><p class="Reference">Berkeley, M.J. &amp; Broome, C.E. (1876) XVII.—Notices of British Fungi. <em>Journal of Natural History</em> 17: 129–145.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937608681918</p><p class="Reference">Bose, S.K. (1961) Studies on <em>Massarina</em> Sacc. and related genera. <em>Phytopathologische Zeitschrift</em> 41: 151–213.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1961.tb04048.x</p><p class="Reference">Cai, L., Jeewon,<strong> </strong>R. &amp; Hyde, K.D. (2005) Phylogenetic evaluation and taxonomic revision of <em>Schizothecium </em>based on ribosomal DNA and protein coding genes. <em>Fungal Diversity </em>19: 1–17.</p><p class="Reference">Cai, L., Jeewon,<strong> </strong>R. &amp; Hyde, K.D. (2006) Molecular systematics of <em>Zopfiella </em>and allied genera: evidence from multigene sequence analyses. <em>Fungal Biology </em>110: 359–368.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2006.01.007</p><p class="Reference">Chen, C.Y. &amp; Hsieh, W.H. (2004) <em>Byssosphaeria</em> and <em>Herpotrichia</em> from Taiwan, with notes on the taxonomic relationship between these two genera. <em>Sydowia</em> 56: 24–38.</p><p class="Reference">Chomnunti, P., Hongsanan, S., Hudson, B.A., Tian, Q., Persoh, D., Dhami, M.K., Alias, A.S., Xu, J., Liu, X., Stadler, M. &amp; Hyde, K.D. (2014) The Sooty Moulds. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 66: 1–36.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-014-0278-5</p><p class="Reference">Cooke, M.C. &amp; Plowright, C.B. (1879) British Sphaeriacei. <em>Grevillea</em> 7: 77–89.</p><p class="Reference">Davies, S.J., Lum, S.K.Y., Chan, R. &amp; Wang, L.K. (2001) Evolution of myrmecophytism in western Malesian <em>Macaranga</em> (Euphorbiaceae). <em>Evolution </em>55: 1542–1559.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055%5b1542:EOMIWM%5d2.0.CO;2">https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[1542:EOMIWM]2.0.CO;2</a></p><p class="Reference">Farr, D.F. &amp; Rossman, A.Y. (2018) Fungal databases, Systematic mycology and microbiology laboratory, ARS, USDA, Retrieved April 10, 2018.</p><p class="Reference">Fiala, B., Jakob, A., Maschwitz, U. &amp; Linsenmair, K.E. (1999) Diversity, evolutionary specialization and geographic distribution of mutualistic ant-plant complex: <em>Macaranga</em> and <em>Crematogaster </em>in South East Asia. <em>Biological Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 66: 305–331.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1999.tb01893.x</p><p class="Reference">Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acids Symposium Series</em> 41: 95–98.</p><p class="Reference">Handa, C. &amp; Takao, I. (2011) Effects of symbiotic coccid on the plant-ant colony growth in the myrmecophyte <em>Macaranga bancana</em>. <em>Tropics</em> 19: 139–144.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.3759/tropics.19.139</p><p class="Reference">Hawksworth, D.L., Kirk, P.M., Sutton, B.C. &amp; Pegler, D.N. (1995) <em>Ainsworth &amp; bisby’s dictionary of the fungi</em>, 8th edn. CABI, Wallingford.</p><p class="Reference">Hirose, D., Sakai, S., Itioka, T. &amp; Osono, T. (2013) Microfungi associated with a myrmecophyte <em>Macaranga bancana</em>. <em>Tropics</em> 22: 19–25.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.3759/tropics.22.19</p><p class="Reference">Hongsanan, S., Maharachchikumbura, S., Hyde, K.D., Samarakoon, M.C., Jeewon,<strong> </strong>R., Zhao, Q. &amp; Bahkali, A. (2017) An updated phylogeny of Sordariomycetes based on phylogenetic and molecular clock evidence. <em>Fungal diversity</em> 84: 25–41.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0384-2</p><p class="Reference">Huelsenbeck, J.P. &amp; Ronquist, F. (2001) MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. <em>Bioinformatics </em>17: 754–755.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754</p><p class="Reference">Hyde, K.D., Taylor, J.E. &amp; Fröhlich, J. (2000) Genera of Ascomycetes from Palms. <em>Fungal Diversity Research Series</em> 2: 1–247.</p><p class="Reference">Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.B.G., Camporesi, E., McKenzie, E.H.C., Hongsanan, S., Phookamsak, R., Luo, Z.L., Boonmee, S., Li, W.J., Dissanayake, A.J., Jayasiri, S.C., Su, H.Y., Zhao, Q., Lu, Y.Z. Wanasinghe, D.N., Phukhamsakda, C., Norphanphoun, C., Lee, H.B., Kytövuori, I., Lin, C.G., Mapook, A., Tanaka, K., Senanayake, I.C., Raj, K.N.A., Perera, R.H., Doilom, M., Tibpromma, S., Huang, S.K., Thambugala, K.M., Neta, A., Zhang, J.F., Liu, Z.Y., Ghosh, A., Sandaruwan, D., Yang, J., Mafalda-Freire, F., Daranagama, D.A., Papizadeh, M., Tian, Q., Wijayawardene, N.N., Chomnunti, P., Ariyawansa, H.A., Ekanayaka, A.H., de Silva, N.I., Thongbai, B., Cui, B.K., Uniyal, P., de Azevedo Santiago, A.L.C.M., Zeng, X.Y., Jayawardena, R.S., Konta, S., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Hashimoto, A., Zhang, H., Wu, H., Shang, Q.J., Goh, T.K., Dayarathne, M.C., Lantieri, A., Liu, J.K., Niskanen, T., Liimatainen, K., Kamolhan, S., Banmai, S., Bulgakov, T.S., Nguyen, T.T.T., Bhat, D.J., Drechsler-Santos, R., Buyck, B., Baghela, A., Das, K., Reck, M.A., Soudi, M.R., Manimohan, P., Stadler, M., Richter, C., Kirk, P.M., Bahkali, A.H., Abdel-Aziz, F.A., Takahashi, T., Wang, Y., Karunarathna, S.C., Lücking, R., Vizzini, A., Medardi, G., Shahzadeh Fazeli, S.A., Gibertoni, T.B., Wulandari, N.F., Duong, T.T., Li, J., Manawasinghe, I.S., Bojantchev, D., Ammirati, J.F., Bhatt, R.P., de Lima, C.L.F., de Souza, C.A.F., Wen, T.C., Tangthirasunun, N., Dai, Y.C., Zhou, J.L., Zhu, L., de Oliveira, R.J.V., Mortimer, P.E., Xu, J. &amp; Ercole, E. (2016) Fungal diversity notes 367–500: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 80: 1–270.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-016-0373-x</p><p class="Reference">Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.G., Liu, J.K., Ariyawansa, H., Boehm, E., Boonmee, S., Braun, U., Chomnunti, P., Crous, P.W., Dai, D.Q., Diederich, P., Dissanayake, A., Doilom, M., Doveri, F., Hongsanan, S., Jayawardena, R., Lawrey, J.D., Li, Y.M., Liu, Y.X., Lücking, R., Monkai, J., Muggia, L., Nelsen, M.P., Pang, K.L., Phookamsak, R., Senanayake, I.C., Shearer, C.A., Suetrong, S., Tanaka, K., Thambugala, K.M., Wijayawardene, N.N., Wikee, S., Wu, H.X., Zhang, Y., Aguirre-Hudson, B., Alias, S.A., Aptroot, A., Bahkali, A.H., Bezerra, J.L., Bhat, D.J., Camporesi, E., Chukeatirote, E., Gueidan, C., Hawksworth, D.L., Hirayama, K., Hoog, S.D., Kang, J.C., Knudsen, K., Li, W.J., Li, X.H., Liu, Z.Y., Mapook, A., McKenzie, E.H.C., Miller, A.N., Mortimer, P.E., Phillips, A.J.L., Raja, H.A., Scheuer, C., Schumm, F., Taylor, J.E., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wang, Y., Xu, J.C., Yacharoen, S., Yan, J.Y. &amp; Zhang, M. (2013) Families of Dothideomycetes. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 63: 1–313.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0263-4</p><p class="Reference">Hyde, K.D., Chaiwan, N., Norphanphoun, C., Boonmee, S., Camporesi, E., Chethana, K.W.T., Dayarathne, M.C., de Silva, N.I., Dissanayake, A.J., Ekanayaka, A.H., Hongsanan, S., Huang, S.K., Jayasiri, S.C., Jayawardena, R.S., Jiang, H.B., Karunarathna, A., Lin, C.G., Liu, J.K., Liu, N.G., Lu, Y.Z., Luo, Z.L., Maharachchimbura, S.S.N., Manawasinghe, I.S., Pem, D., Perera, R.H., Phukhamsakda, C., Samarakoon, M.C., Senwanna, C., Shang, Q.J., Tennakoon, D.S., Thambugala, K.M., Tibpromma, S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Xiao, Y.P., Yang, J., Zeng, X.Y., Zhang, J.F., Zhang, S.N., Bulgakov, T.S., Bhat, D.J., Cheewangkoon, R., Goh, T.K., Jones, E.B.G., Kang, J.C., Jeewon, R., Liu, Z.Y., Lumyong, S., Kuo, C.H., McKenzie, E.H.C., Wen, T.C., Yan, J.Y. &amp; Zhao, Q. (2018) Mycosphere notes 169–224. <em>Mycosphere</em> (In press).</p><p class="Reference">Index Fungorum (2018) Available from: http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/Names.asp (accessed 6 April 2018)</p><p class="Reference">Jayasiri, S.C., Hyde, K.D., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bhat, J., Buyck, B., Cai, L., Dai, Y.C., Abd-Elsalam K.A., Ertz D., Hidayat, I., Jeewon, R., Jones, E.B.G., Bahkali, A.5H., Karunarathna, S.C., Liu, J.K., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Lumbsch, H.T., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., McKenzie, E.H.C., Moncalvo, J.M., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Nilsson, H., Pang, K.A., Pereira, O.L., Phillips, A.J.L., Raspé, O., Rollins, A.W., Romero, A.I., Etayo, J., Selçuk, F., Stephenson, S.L., Suetrong, S., Taylor, J.E., Tsui, C.K.M., Vizzini, A., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Wen, T.C., Boonmee, S., Dai, D.Q., Daranagama, D.A., Dissanayake, A.J., Ekanayaka, A.H., Fryar, S.C., Hongsanan, S., Jayawardena, R.S., Li, W.J., Perera, R.H., Phookamsak, R., de Silva, N.I., Thambugala, K.M., Tian, Q., Wijayawardene, N.N., Zhao, R.L., Zhao, Q., Kang, J.C. &amp; Promputtha, I. (2015) The Faces of Fungi database: fungal names linked with morphology, phylogeny and human impacts. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 74: 3–18.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0351-8</p><p class="Reference">Jeewon, R., Liew, E.C. &amp; Hyde, K.D. (2002) Phylogenetic relationships of <em>Pestalotiopsis</em> and allied genera inferred from ribosomal DNA sequences and morphological characters. <em>Molecular phylogenetics and evolution </em>25: 378–392.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00422-0">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00422-0</a></p><p class="Reference">Jeewon, R., Liew, E.C., Simpson, J.A., Hodgkiss, I.J. &amp; Hyde, K.D. (2003a) Phylogenetic significance of morphological characters in the taxonomy of <em>Pestalotiopsis</em> species. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 27: 372–383.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00010-1">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00010-1</a></p><p class="Reference">Jeewon, R., Cai, L., Zhang, K. &amp; Hyde, K.D. (2003b) <em>Dyrithiopsis lakefuxianensis </em>gen et sp. nov. from FuxianLake, Yunnan, China and notes on the taxonomic confusion surrounding <em>Dyrithium</em>. <em>Mycologia </em>95: 911–920.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2004.11833050</p><p class="Reference">Jeewon, R. &amp; Hyde, K.D. (2016) Establishing species boundaries and new taxa among fungi: recommendations to resolve taxonomic ambiguities. <em>Mycosphere</em> 7: 1669–1677.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/7/11/4</p><p class="Reference">Jones, E.B.G., Sakayaroj, J., Suetrong, S., Somrithipol, S. &amp; Pang, K.L. (2009) Classification of marine Ascomycota, anamorphic taxa and Basidiomycota. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 35: 1–187.</p><p class="Reference">Katoh, K. &amp; Standley, K. (2013) MAFFT Multiple Sequence Alignment Software Version 7: Improvements in Performance and Usability.Molecular Biology. <em>Evolution</em> 30: 772–780.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010</p><p class="Reference">Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., David, J.C. &amp; Stalpers, J.A. (2001) <em>Dictionary of the fungi</em>, 9th edn. CABI, Wallingford.</p><p class="Reference">Kishino, H. &amp; Hasegawa, M. (1989) Evaluation of the maximum likelihood estimate of the evolutionary tree topologies from DNA sequence data, and the branching order in hominoidea. <em>Journal of Molecular Evolution</em> 29: 170–179.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02100115</p><p class="Reference">Kis-Papo, T. (2005) Marine fungal communities. <em>Mycology Series</em> 23: 61.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420027891.ch4</p><p class="Reference">Kodsueb, R., Jeewon, R., Vijaykrishna, D., Hyde, K.D., McKenzie, E.H.C. &amp; Lumyong, S. (2006a) Systematic revision of Tubeufiaceae based on morphological and molecular data. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 21, 104–129.</p><p class="Reference">Kodsueb, R., Vijaykrishna, D., Aptroot, A., Lumyong, S., McKenzie, E.H.C., Hyde, K.D. &amp; Jeewon,<strong> </strong>R. (2006b) The family Pleosporaceae: intergeneric relationships and phylogenetic perspectives based on sequence analyses of partial 28S rDNA. <em>Mycologia </em>98: 571–583.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832660</p><p class="Reference">Kodsueb, R., McKenzie, E.H.C., Lumyong, S., Hyde, K.D. &amp; Jeewon, R. (2007) Molecular phylogeny of <em>Aquaticheirospora broccolii</em>; a new synnematous hyphomycete taxon from Thailand and its teleomorphic affinities to Massarinaceae. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 155: 283–296.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00685.x</p><p class="Reference">Li, W.Y. &amp; Zhuang, W.Y. (2008) Notes on the genus <em>Byssosphaeria </em>(Melanommataceae) from China. <em>Mycosystema</em> 27: 48–53.</p><p class="Reference">Li, J., Jeewon, R., Luo, Z., Phookamsak, R., Bhat, D.J., Mapook, A., Phukhamsakda, C., Camporesi, E., Lumyong, S. &amp; Hyde, K.D. (2017) Morphological characterization and DNA based taxonomy of <em>Fusiconidium</em> gen. nov. with two novel taxa within Melanommataceae (Pleosporales). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 308 (2): 206–218.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.2</p><p class="Reference">Li, J., Phookamsak, R., Mapook, A., Boonmee, S., Bhat, J.D., Hyde, K.D. &amp; Lumyong, S. (2016) <em>Seifertia</em> <em>shangrilaensis</em> sp. nov.(Melanommataceae), a new species from Southwest China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 273 (1): 34–42.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.273.1.3</p><p class="Reference">Liew, E.C.Y., Aptroot, A. &amp; Hyde, K.D. (2000) Phylogenetic significance of the pseudoparaphyses in Loculoascomycete taxonomy. <em>Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution</em> 16: 392–402.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2000.0801</p><p class="Reference">Lim, T.Y., Lim, Y.Y. &amp; Yule, C.M. (2009) Evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-tyrosinase activities of four <em>Macaranga</em> species. <em>Food Chemistry</em> 114: 594–599.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.09.093</p><p class="Reference">Liu, A.R., Chen, S.C., Wu, S.Y., Xu, T., Guo, L.D., Jeewon, R. &amp; Wei, J.G. (2010) Cultural studies coupled with DNA based sequence analyses and its implication on pigmentation as a phylogenetic marker in <em>Pestalotiopsis</em> taxonomy. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 57: 528–535.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.017</p><p class="Reference">Liu, J.K., Hyde, K.D., E.B.G. Jones, Ariyawansa, H.A., Bhat, J.D., Boonmee, S., Maharachchikumbura, S., McKenzie, E.H.C., Phookamsak, R., Phukhamsakda, C., Shenoy, B.D., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Buyck, B., Chen, J., Chethana, K.W.T., Singtripop, C., Dai, D., Dai, Y., Daranagama, D.A., Dissanayake, A., Doilom, M., D’souza, M.J., Fan, X.L., Goonasekara, I.D., Hirayama, K., Hongsanan, S., Jayasiri, S.C., Jayawardena, R., Karunarathna, S.C., Li, W.J., Mapook, A., Norphanphoun, C., Pang, K.L., Perera, R.H., Peršoh, D., Pinruan, U., Senanayake, I., Somrithipol, S., Suetrong, S., Tanaka, K., Thambugala, K.M., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Udayanga, D., Wijayawardene, N., Wanasinghe, D., Wisitrassameewong, K., Abdel-Aziz, F.A., Adamčík, S., Bahkali, A.H., Boonyuen, N., Bulgakov, T., Callac, P., Chomnunti, P., Greiner, K., Hashimoto, A., Hofstetter, V., Kang, J.C., Lewis, D., Li, X.H., Liu, X.X., Liu, Z.Y., Matumura, M., Mortimer, P.E., Rambold, G., Randrianjohany, E., Sato, G., Indrasutdhi, V.S., Tian, C.M., Verbeken, A., von Brackel, W., Wang, Y., Wen, T.C., Xu, J.C., Yan, J.Y., Zhao, R.L. &amp; Camporesi, E. (2015) Fungal Diversity Notes 1–110: Taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal species. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 72: 1–197.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0324-y</p><p class="Reference">Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. &amp; Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for Inference of Large Phylogenetic Trees: SC10 Workshop on Gateway Computing Environments (GCE10).</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129</p><p class="Reference">Mugambi, G.K. &amp; Huhndorf, S.M. (2009) Molecular phylogenetics of Pleosporales: Melanommataceae and Lophiostomataceae recircumscribed (Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota). <em>Studies in Mycology</em> 64: 103–121.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2009.64.05</p><p class="Reference">Pinnoi, A., Jeewon,<strong> </strong>R., Sakayaroj, J., Hyde, K.D. &amp; Jones, E.B.G. (2007) <em>Berkleasmium crunisia </em>sp. nov. and its teleomorphic affinities to the Pleosporales based on 18S, 28S and ITS-5.8S rDNA sequence analyses. <em>Mycologia</em> 99: 378–384.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2007.11832562</p><p class="Reference">Posada, D. &amp; Crandall, K.A. (1998) Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 14: 817–818.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817</p><p class="Reference">Rambaut, A. (2012) FigTree version 1.4.0. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 10 April 2018)</p><p class="Reference">Rannala, B. &amp; Yang, Z. (1996) Probability distribution of molecular evolutionary trees: a new method of phylogenetic inference. <em>Journal of Molecular Evolution</em> 43: 304–311.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02338839</p><p class="Reference">Réblová, M. (1997) Revision and reclassification of some <em>Chaetosphaeria </em>species. <em>Czech Mycology</em> 50: 73–83.</p><p class="Reference">Rehner, S. (2001) Primers for Elongation Factor 1-α (EF1-α).</p><p class="Reference">Rehner, S.A. &amp; Samuels, G.J. (1994) Taxonomy and phylogeny of <em>Gliocladium</em> analysed from nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. <em>Mycological Research</em> 98: 625–634.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80409-7">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80409-7</a></p><p class="Reference">Samuels, G.J. &amp; Müller, E. (1978) Life-history studies of Brazilian ascomycetes 4. Three species of <em>Herpotricia</em> and their <em>Pyrenochaeta</em>-like anamorphs. <em>Sydowia</em> 31: 157–168.</p><p class="Reference">Scheuer, C. &amp; Chlebicki, A. (1997) Recent collections of miscellaneous microfungi from South Poland. <em>Acta Mycologica</em> 32: 147–172.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.5586/am.1997.014</p><p class="Reference">Sivanesan, A. (1971) The genus <em>Herpotrichia</em> Fuckel. <em>Mycological Papers</em> 127: 1–37.</p><p class="Reference">Sivanesan, A. (1984) <em>The bitunicate ascomycetes and their anamorphs</em>. J. Cramer, Vaduz.</p><p class="Reference">Sivanesan, A. &amp; Hsieh, W.H. (1989) New species and new records of ascomycetes from Taiwan. <em>Mycological Research</em> 93: 340–351.</p><p class="Reference">         <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(89)80161-3">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(89)80161-3</a></p><p class="Reference">Shearer, C.A., Raja, H.A., Miller, A.N., Nelson, P., Tanaka, K., Hirayama, K., Marvanová, L., Hyde, K.D. &amp; Zhang, Y. (2009) The molecular phylogeny of freshwater Dothideomycetes. <em>Studies in Mycology</em> 64: 145–153.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2009.64.08</p><p class="Reference">Stamatakis, A., Hoover, P. &amp; Rougemont, J. (2008) A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML web servers. <em>Systematic biology</em> 57: 758–771.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150802429642</p><p class="Reference">Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. <em>Bioinformatics </em>30: 1312–1313.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033</p><p class="Reference">Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony, version 4.0 b10. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.</p><p class="Reference">Tian, Q., Liu, J.K., Hyde, K.D., Wanasinghe, D.N., Boonmee, S., Jayasiri, S.C., Luo, Z.L., Taylor, J.E., Phillips, A.J.L., Bhat, D.J., Li, W.J., Ariyawansa, H., Thambugala, K.M., Jones, E.B.G., Chomnunti, P., Bahkali, A.H., Xu, J.C. &amp; Camporesi, E. (2015) Phylogenetic relationships and morphological reappraisal of Melanommataceae (Pleosporales). <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 74: 267–324.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0350-9</p><p class="Reference">Tibpromma, S., Hyde, K.D., Jeewon, R., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Liu J.K., Bhat, D.J., McKenzie, E.H.C, Jones, E.B.G., Camporesi, E., Bulgakov, T.S., Doilom, M., de Azevedo Santiago, A.L.C.M., Das, K., Manimohan, P., Gibertoni, T.B., Lim, Y.W., Ekanayaka, A.H., Thongbai, B., Lee, H.B., Yang, J.B., Kirk, P.M., Sysouphanthong, P., Singh, S.K., Boonmee, S., Dong, W., Raj, K.N.A., Latha, K.P.D., Phookamsak, R., Phukhamsakda, C., Tennakoon, D.S., Li, J., Dayarathne, M.J., Perera, R.H., Xiao, Y., Wanasinghe, D.N., Senanayake, I.C., Goonasekara, I.D., de Silva, N.I., Mapook, A., Jayawardena, R.S., Dissanayake, A.J., Manawasinghe, I.S., Chethana, K.W.T., Luo, Z.L., Hapuarachchi, K.K., Baghela, A., Soares, A.M., Vizzini, A., Meiras-Ottoni, A., Mesic, A., Dutta, A.K., de Souza, C.A.F., Richter, C., Lin, C.G., Chakrabarty, D., Daranagama, D.A., Lima, D.X., Chakraborty, D., Ercole, E., Wu F., Simonini, G., Vasquez, G., da Silva, G.A., Plautz, Jr. H.L.P., Ariyawansa, H.A., Lee, H., Kusan, I., Song, J., Sun, J., Karmakar, J., Hu, K., Semwal, K.C., Thambugala, K.M., Voigt, K., Acharya, K., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Ryvarden, L., Jadan, M., Hosen, M.I., Miksýk, M., Samarakoon, M.C., Wijayawardene, N.N., Kim, N.K., Matocec, N., Singh, P.N., Tian, Q., Bhatt, R.P., Jose, R., de Oliveira, V., Tulloss, R.E., Aamir, S., Kaewchai, S., Marathe, S.D., Khan, S., Hongsanan, S., Adhikari, S., Mehmood, T., Bandyopadhyay, T.K., Nguyen, T.T.T., Antonýn, V., Li, W.J., Wang, Y., Indoliya, Y., Tkalcec, Z., Elgorban, A.M., Bahkali, A.H., Tang, A.M.C., Su, H.Y., Zhang, H., Promputtha, I., Luangsaard, J., Xu, J., Yan, J., Ji-Chuan, K., Stadler, M., Mortimer, P.T., Chomnunti, P., Zhao, Q., Phillips, A.J.L., Nontachaiyapoom, S., Wen, T.C. &amp; Karunarathna, S.C. (2017) Fungal diversity notes 491–602: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 43: 1–261.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0378-0</p><p class="Reference">Tsui, C.K.M., Berbee, M., Jeewon, R. &amp; Hyde, K.D. (2006) Molecular phylogeny of <em>Dictyosporium </em>and allied genera inferred from ribosomal DNA. <em>Fungal Diversity </em>21: 157–166.</p><p class="Reference">Vilgalys, R. &amp; Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several <em>Cryptococcus</em> species. <em>Journal of Bacteriology</em> 172: 4238–4246.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990</p><p class="Reference">Vijaykrishna, D., Mostert, L., Jeewon, R., Hyde, K.D. &amp; Crous, P.W. (2004) <em>Pleurostomophora, </em>an anamorph of <em>Pleurostoma </em>(Calosphaeriales), a new anamorph genus morphologically similar to <em>Philaphora</em>. <em>Studies in Mycology </em>50: 387–398.</p><p class="Reference">von Arx, J.A. &amp; Müller, E. (1975) A re-evaluation of the bitunicate ascomycetes with keys to families and genera. <em>Studies in Mycology</em> 9: 1–159.</p><p class="Reference">Wanasinghe, D.N., Phukhamsakda, C., Hyde, K.D., Jeewon, R., Lee, H.B., Jones, E.B.G., Tibpromma, S., Tennakoon, D.S., Dissanayake, A.J., Jayasiri, S.C., Gafforov, Y., Camporesi, E., Bulgakov, T.S., Ekanayake, A.H., Perera, R.H., Samarakoon, M.C., Goonasekara, I.D., Mapook, A., Li, W.J., Senanayake, I.C., Li, J., Norphanphoun, C., Doilom, M., Bahkali, A.H., Xu, J., Mortimer, P.E., Tibell, L., Savic, S.T. &amp; Karunarathna, S.C. (2018) Fungal diversity notes 709–838: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa with an emphasis on fungi on Rosaceae. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 89: 1–236.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0395-7</p><p class="Reference">Wang, H.K., Aptroot, A., Crous, P.W., Jeewon, R. &amp; Hyde, K.D. (2007) The polyphyletic nature of Pleosporales: an example from <em>Massariosphaeria</em> based on rDNA and RBP2 gene phylogenies. <em>Mycological Research </em>111: 1268–1276.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2007.08.014</p><p class="Reference">Whitmore, T.C. (1984) <em>Tropical rainforeJts ofthe Far East</em>, 2nd Edition. Clarendon Press, Oxford.</p><p class="Reference">White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S.J.W.T. &amp; Taylor, J.W. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. <em>PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications</em> 18: 315–322.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p><p class="Reference">Wijayawardene, N.N., Hyde, K.D., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Hawksworth, D.L., Madrid, H., Kirk, P.M., Braun, U., Singh, R.V., Crous, P.W., Kukwa, M., Lücking, R., Kurtzman, C.P., Yurkov, A., Haelewaters, D., Aptroot, A., Lumbsch, H.T., Timdal, E., Ertz, D., Etayo, J., Phillips, A.J.L., Groenewald, J.Z., Papizadeh, M., Selbmann, L., Dayarathne, M.C., Weerakoon, G., Jones, E.B.G., Suetrong, S., Tian, Q., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Bahkali, A.H., Pang, K-L., Tanaka, K., Dai, D.Q., Sakayaroj, J., Hujslová, M., Lombard, L., Shenoy, B.D., Suija, A., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Thambugala, K.M., Wanasinghe, D.N., Sharma, B.O., Gaikwad, S., Pandit, G., Zucconi, L., Onofri, S., Egidi, E., Raja, H.A., Kodsueb, R., Cáceres, M.E.S., Pérez-Ortega, S., Fiuza, P.O., Monteiro, J.S., Vasilyeva, L.N., Shivas, R.G., Prieto, M., Wedin, M., Olariaga, I., Lateef, A.A., Agrawal, Y., Fazeli, S.A.S., Amoozegar, M.A., Zhao, G.Z., Pfliegler, W.P., Sharma, G., Oset, M., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Takamatsu, S., Bensch, K., de Silva, N.I., De Kese, A., Karunarathna, A., Boonmee, S., Pfister, D.H., Lu, Y-Z., Luo, Z-L., Boonyuen, N., Daranagama, D.A., Senanayake, I.C., Jayasiri, S.C., Samarakoon, M.C., Zeng, X-Y., Doilom, M., Quijada, L., Rampadarath, S., Heredia, G., Dissanayake, A.J., Jayawardana, R.S., Perera, R.H., Tang, L.Z., Phukhamsakda, C., Hernández-Restrepo1, M., Ma, X., Tibpromma, S., Gusmao, L.F.P., Weerahewa, D. &amp; Karunarathna, S.C. (2017) Notes for genera-Ascomycota. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 86: 1–594.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0386-0</p><p class="Reference">Winter, G. (1885) Pilze-Ascomyceten. In GL Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland. <em>Oesterreich und der Schweiz</em> 1: 65–528.</p><p class="Reference">Zhang, Y., Jeewon, R., Fournier, J. &amp; Hyde, K.D. (2008) Multi-gene phylogeny and morphotaxonomy of <em>Amniculicola lignicola</em>: novel freshwater fungus from France and its relationships to the Pleosporales. <em>Fungal Biology</em> 112: 1186–1194.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2008.04.004</p><p class="Reference">Zhang, Y., Crous, P.W., Schoch, C.L. &amp; Hyde, K.D. (2012) Pleosporales. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 52: 1–225.</p><p class="Reference">         https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0117-x</p><p class="Reference">Zhaxybayeva, O. &amp; Gogarten, J.P. (2002) Bootstrap, Bayesian probability and maximum likelihood mapping: exploring new tools for comparative genome analyses. <em>BMC genomics</em> 3, 4.</p><p>                https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-3-4</p>