Abstract
A new species of Orchidaceae, Habenaria yachangensis, from Yachang National Nature Reserve, Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. The new species can be distinguished from the other species in genus Habenaria Willd. by having green to greenish white flowers, dorsal sepal and lip tripartite, lateral sepals lobed, petal with 2 ridges in both sides along the middle vein. Habenaria yachangensis is restricted in a single mountaintop in Yachang National Nature Reserve, and is considered as critical endangered.