Abstract
A new polypore, Truncospora macrospora, is described from Southwest China on the basis of morphological and molecular characters. T. macrospora is characterized by an annual habit, pileate basidiocarps with a distinct crust, dimitic hyphal system with dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, and large ellipsoid, truncate, strongly dextrinoid basidiospores (16.5–19.5 × 8.0–9.5 μm). Molecular study based on sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal ITS and LSU regions supported the position of the new species in Truncospora, forming monophyletic lineage with strong support (100% BP, 1.00 BPP). Truncospora and Perenniporiella were proved to be sister-genera and grouped with other genera of Perenniporia sensu lato within the core polyporoid clade. An identification key to the species of Truncospora worldwide is provided.