Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 754 No. 2: 5 May 2026
Type: Article
Published: 2026-05-05
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.754.2.1
Page range: 123-140
Abstract views: 0
PDF downloaded: 0

Two new species of Amanita (Amanitaceae, Agaricales) from Anhui Province, China

School of Biological and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Anhui, 239000, China; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
School of Biological and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Anhui, 239000, China
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
School of Biological and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Anhui, 239000, China
School of Biological and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Anhui, 239000, China
Amidella Macrofungi Phylogeny Vaginatae Taxonomy Fungi

Abstract

Amanita species hold significant economic and ecological value due to their roles in nutrient cycling, medicinal properties, and ecological interactions. This study, based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis of five gene loci (nrLSU, ITS, RPB2, TEF1-α, and β-TUB), proposes two new species of Amanita, namely A. qimenensis and A. sufflava from Anhui Province, China. Amanita qimenensis, belongs to A. sect. Amidella, is characterized by its small basidiomata and white to dirty white stipe decorated with white to pale brown minute squamulose. Amanita sufflava belongs to A. sect. Vaginatae. is characterized by medium to large basidiomata with the blond pileus, which is usually yellowish brown to brown in the center but paler toward the margin. The study provides line drawings, detailed morphological descriptions, and comparisons with related taxa for two species. The discovery of these new species unveils the rich fungal diversity in Anhui Province and underscores the importance of further exploration and conservation of fungal resources.

References

  1. Acharya, K., Tarafder, E., Pradhan, P., Dutta, A.K., Paloi, S., Datta, M. & Roy, A. (2017) Contribution to the macromycetes of west bengal, India: 18–22. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 10: 3061. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2017.00543.1
  2. Ait-Hamadouche, Y., Dib, S. & Fortas, Z. (2021) Antifungal basidiomycete extracts with phytosanitary potential. South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 11: 86–95. https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.11(1).p86-95
  3. Bas, C. (1969) Morphology and subdivision of Amanita and a monograph of its section Lepidella. Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 5: 285–579.
  4. Bhambri, A., Srivastava, M., Mahale, V.G., Mahale, S. & Karn, S.K. (2022) Mushrooms as potential sources of active metabolites and medicines. Frontiers in Microbiology 13: 837266. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.837266
  5. Cai, Q., Cui, Y.Y. & Yang, Z.L. (2016) Lethal Amanita species in China. Mycologia 108: 993–1009. https://doi.org/10.3852/16-008
  6. Cai, Q., Tulloss, R.E., Tang, L.P., Tolgor, B., Zhang, P., Chen, Z.H. & Yang, Z.L. (2014) Multi-locus phylogeny of lethal amanitas: Implications for species diversity and historical biogeography. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14: 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-143
  7. Capella-Gutierrez, S., Silla-Martinez, J.M. & Gabaldon, T. (2009) trimAl: a tool for automated alignment trimming in large-scale phylogenetic analyses. Bioinformatics 25: 1972–1973. https://doi.org/10.10.1093/bioinformatics/btp348
  8. Codjia, J.E.I., Sanchez-Ramirez, S., Ndolo Ebika, S.T., Wu, G., Margaritescu, S., Komura, D.L., Oliveira, J.J.S., Ryberg, M., Tulloss, R.E., Yorou, N.S., Moncalvo, J.M. & Yang, Z.L. (2023) Historical biogeography and diversification of ringless Amanita (section Vaginatae) support an African origin and suggest niche conservatism in the Americas. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 178: 107644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107644
  9. Consiglio, G. & Contu, M. (1999) Amanita dryophila (Amanitaceae) spec. nov. and the species of the section Vaginatae with a semifriable universal veil and ellipsoid spores. Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 17: 287–290.
  10. Corner, E.J.H. & Bas, C. (1962) The genus Amanita in Singapore and Malaya. Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2: 241–304.
  11. Crous, P.W., Osieck, E.R., Jurjević, Ž., Boers, J., van Iperen, A.L., Starink-Willemse, M., Dima, B., Balashov, S., Bulgakov, T.S., Johnston, P.R., Morozova, O.V., Pinruan, U., Sommai, S., Alvarado, P., Decock, C.A., Lebel, T., McMullan-Fisher, S., Moreno, G., Shivas, R.G., Zhao, L., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abrinbana, M., Ageev, D.V., Akhmetova, G., Alexandrova, A.V., Altés, A., Amaral, A.G.G., Angelini, C., Antonín, V., Arenas, F., Asselman, P., Badali, F., Baghela, A., Bañares, A., Barreto, R.W., Baseia, I.G., Bellanger, J.M., Berraf-Tebbal, A., Biketova, A.Y., Bukharova, N.V., Burgess, T.I., Cabero, J., Câmara, M.P.S., Cano-Lira, J.F., Ceryngier, P., Chávez, R., Cowan, D.A., de Lima, A.F., Oliveira, R.L., Denman, S., Dang, Q.N., Dovana, F., Duarte, I.G., Eichmeier, A., Erhard, A., Esteve-Raventós, F., Fellin, A., Ferisin, G., Ferreira, R.J., Ferrer, A., Finy, P., Gaya, E., Geering, A.D.W., Gil-Durán, C., Glässnerová, K., Glushakova, A.M., Gramaje, D., Guard, F.E., Guarnizo, A.L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R.E., Hill, R., Hirooka, Y., Hubka, V., Iliushin, V.A., Ivanova, D.D., Ivanushkina, N.E., Jangsantear, P., Justo, A., Kachalkin, A.V., Kato, S., Khamsuntorn, P., Kirtsideli, I.Y., Knapp, D.G., Kochkina, G.A., Koukol, O., Kovács, G.M., Kruse, J., Kumar, T.K.A., Kušan, I., Læssøe, T., Larsson, E., Lebeuf, R., Levicán, G., Loizides, M., Marinho, P., Luangsa-Ard, J.J., Lukina, E.G., Magaña-Dueñas, V., Maggs-Kölling, G., Malysheva, E.F., Malysheva, V.F., Martín, B., Martín, M.P., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A.R., Mehrabi-Koushki, M., Mešić, A., Miller, A.N., Mironova, P., Moreau, P.A., Morte, A., Müller, K., Nagy, L.G., Nanu, S., Navarro-Ródenas, A., Nel, W.J., Nguyen, T.H., Nóbrega, T.F., Noordeloos, M.E., Olariaga, I., Overton, B.E., Ozerskaya, S.M., Palani, P., Pancorbo, F., Papp, V., Pawłowska, J., Pham, T.Q., Phosri, C., Popov, E.S., Portugal, A., Pošta, A., Reschke, K., Reul, M., Ricci, G.M., Rodríguez, A., Romanowski, J., Ruchikachorn, N., Saar, I., Safi, A., Sakolrak, B., Salzmann, F., Sandoval-Denis, M., Sangwichein, E., Sanhueza, L., Sato, T., Sastoque, A., Senn-Irlet, B., Shibata, A., Siepe, K., Somrithipol, S., Spetik, M., Sridhar, P., Stchigel, A.M., Stuskova, K., Suwannasai, N., Tan, Y.P., Thangavel, R., Tiago, I., Tiwari, S., Tkalčec, Z., Tomashevskaya, M.A., Tonegawa, C., Tran, H.X., Tran, N.T., Trovão, J., Trubitsyn, V.E., Van Wyk, J., Vieira, W.A.S., Vila, J., Visagie, C.M., Vizzini, A., Volobuev, S.V., Vu, D.T., Wangsawat, N., Yaguchi, T., Ercole, E., Ferreira, B.W., de Souza, A.P., Vieira, B.S. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2021) Fungal Planet description sheets: 1284–1382. Persoonia: Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 47: 178. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.47.0
  12. Cui, Y.Y., Cai, Q., Tang, L.P., Liu, J.W. & Yang, Z.L. (2018) The family Amanitaceae: molecular phylogeny, higher-rank taxonomy and the species in China. Fungal Diversity 91: 5–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0405-9
  13. Cui, Y.Y., Hao, Y.J., Guo, T., Yang, Z.L. & Cai, Q. (2023) Species diversity of Amanita section Vaginatae in Eastern China, with a description of four new species. Journal of Fungi 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9080862
  14. Davison, E.M., Giustiniano, D., Barrett, M.D. & Syme, K. (2023) Four new species of Amanita sect. Roanokenses (Basidiomycota) from Western Australia. Nuytsia 34: 65–92. https://doi.org/10.58828/nuy01046
  15. Deng, W.Q., Li, T.H. & Hosen, M.I. (2016) Amanita rufobrunnescens, a new species of Amanita section Amidella from South China. Phytotaxa 243: 147–154. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.2.4
  16. Doyle, J.J. & Doyle, J.L. (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin 19: 11–15.
  17. Earle, F.S. (1909) The genera of the North American gill fungi. Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden 5: 373–451.
  18. Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for Basidiomycetes: application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x
  19. Gilbert, E.J. (1918) Le genre Amanita Persoon. Lucien Declume, Lons-le-Saunier.
  20. Gilbert, E.J. (1941) Amanitaceae. Iconographia Mycologica 27: 1–427.
  21. Gray, S.F. (1821) A natural arrangement of British plants. Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, London.
  22. Ito, S. (1959) Basidiomycetes. No. 5. Agaricales, Gasteromycetales. Yokendo, Tokyo, 658 pp.
  23. Jabeen, S., Kiran, M., Ullah, S., Wilson, A.W., Mueller, G.M., Fiaz, M. & Khalid, A.N. (2017) Amanita glarea, a new species in section Vaginatae from Pakistan. Phytotaxa 306: 135–145. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.306.2.3
  24. Jenkins, D.T. (1978) A study of Amanita types. I. Taxa described by C. H. Peck. Mycotaxon 7: 23–44. [https://biostor.org/reference/299327] https://doi.org/10.5962/p.417815
  25. Katoh, K., Rozewicki, J. & Yamada, K.D. (2019) MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. Briefings in Bioinformatics 20: 1160–1166. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108
  26. Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular biology and evolution 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
  27. Khan, M.B., Sana, Naseer, A., Ishaq, M., Kiran, M., Tarafder, E., Fiaz, M., Khalid, A.N. & Wen, T.C. (2025) Lactarius battagramensis (Russulales, Basidiomycota) and its ectomycorrhizal association in temperate forests of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Phytotaxa 701: 148–160. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.701.2.2
  28. Kiran, M., Khan, J., Sher, H., Pfister, D.H. & Khalid, A.N. (2018) Amanita griseofusca: A new species of Amanita in section Vaginatae from Malam Jabba, Swat, Pakistan. Phytotaxa 364: 181–192. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.364.2.5
  29. Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1967) Methuen handbook of colour. Methuen and Co, London, 243 pp.
  30. Kumar, A., Sharma, Y.P., Verma, K. & Mehmood, T. (2021) Amanita parvirufobrunnescens (Agaricales: Amanitaceae), a new species in Amanita sect. Amidella from India. Nordic Journal of Botany 39. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.03141
  31. Kumla, J., Suwannarach, N., Liu, Y.S., Tanruean, K. & Lumyong, S. (2023) Survey of edible Amanita in northern Thailand and their nutritional value, total phenolic content, antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Journal of Fungi 9: 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9030343
  32. Kuntze, O. (1891) Revisio generum plantarum 2. Arthur Felix, Leipzig, pp. 376–1011.
  33. Li, H.J., Zhang, Y.Z., Zhang, H.S., Zhou, J., Chen, Z.H., Liang, J.Q., Yin, Y., He, Q., Jiang, S.F., Zhang, Y.T., Y, Y., Lang, N., Cheng, B., Zhong, J.J. & Li, Z.F. (2024) Mushroom Poisoning Outbreaks—China, 2023. China CDC Weekly 6: 64–68. https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2024.014
  34. Li, P., Deng, W.Q. & Li, T.H. (2014) Molecular cloning of α-amanitin and characterization of its expression pattern in different parts and development stages of Amanita exitialis fruitbody. Mycological Progress 13: 1011–1016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-014-0988-9
  35. Liu, Y.S., Liu, J.K., Kumla, J., Suwannarach, N. & Lumyong, S. (2023) Taxonomic novelties and new records of Amanita subgenus Amanitina from Thailand. Journal of Fungi 9: 601. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9060601
  36. Lupala, A.S., Kim, D., Cho, Y., Suh, H., Seo, C.W., Jo, J.W. & Lim, Y.W. (2025) Species diversity of the Amanita section Caesareae in South Korea. Mycological Progress 24: 29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-025-02032-z
  37. Mighell, K.S., Henkel, T.W., Koch, R.A., Chin, M.L., Brann, M.A. & Aime, M.C. (2021) Amanita in the Guineo-Congolian rainforest: Epitypes and new species from the Dja Biosphere Reserve, Cameroon. Mycologia 113: 168–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2020.1816386
  38. Mighell, K.S., Henkel, T.W., Koch, R.A., Goss, A. & Aime, M.C. (2019) New species of Amanita subgen. Lepidella from Guyana. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2019.03.01
  39. Migliozzi, V. & Donato, G. (2022) Amanita section Vaginatae in Lazio. Second contribution. Taxonomic notes on Amanita dryophila. Mycological Observations 5: 57–71.
  40. Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES science gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In: 2010 gateway computing environments workshop (GCE). IEEE, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
  41. Moshnikova, A., Moshnikova, V., Andreev, O.A. & Reshetnyak, Y.K. (2013) Antiproliferative effect of pHLIP-amanitin. Biochemistry 52: 1171cc1178. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi301647y
  42. Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest 2.3. Program distributed by the author, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University. Available from: http://www. abc. se/~ nylander/ (accessed 20 May 2024)
  43. Persoon, C.H. (1797) Tentamen dispositionis methodicae fungorum. Petrum Philippum Wolf, Leipzig, pp. 1755–1837. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.42674
  44. Rehner, S.A. & Buckley, E. (2005) A Beauveria phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-α sequences: evidence for cryptic diversification and links to Cordyceps teleomorphs. Mycologia 97: 84–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832842
  45. Roze, M.E. (1876) Essai D’une Nouvelle Classification Des Agaricinées. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 23: 45–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1876.10825619
  46. Singer, R. (1986) The Agaricales in modern taxonomy. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, 981 pp.
  47. Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30: 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
  48. Su, Y.T., Cai, Q., Qin, W.Q., Cui, Y.Y., Chen, Z.H. & Yang, Z.L. (2022) Two new species of Amanita section Amanita from Central China. Mycological Progress 21: 78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-022-01828-7
  49. Tarafder, E., Dutta, A.K., Sarkar, J. & Acharya, K. (2018) A new species of Agaricus sect. Brunneopicti from Eastern India. Phytotaxa 374: 139–146. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.374.2.5
  50. Tarafder, E., Dutta, A.K., Karunarathna, S.C., He, M.-Q., Tian, F. & Acharya, K. (2023) Agaricus sect. Xanthodermatei (Agaricales) of West Bengal, India. Phytotaxa 630: 245–265. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.630.4.1
  51. Tarafder, E., Karunarathna, S.C., Dutta, A.K., Elgorban, A.M., Tian, F.-H. & Acharya, K. (2025) Morphology and phylogeny reveal two new species and a new geographical record of Agaricus sect. Rubricosi (Agaricales) from West Bengal, India. Scientific Reports 15: 25190. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08102-2
  52. Tulloss, R.E. (1994) Type studies in Amanita section Vaginatae. I: some taxa described in this century (studies 1–23) with notes on description of spores and refractive hyphae in Amanita. Mycotaxon 52: 305–396. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.415735
  53. Varga, D., Hanss, J.M., Moreau, P.A., Kovács, G.M. & Dima, B. (2023) Phylogenetic and morphological studies reveal large diversity and three new species in Amanita sect. Vaginatae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Europe. Mycological Progress 23: 38. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3367388/v1
  54. Veselý, R. (1933) Revisio critica Amanitarum europaearum. Annales Mycologici 31: 209–298.
  55. Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of bacteriology 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990
  56. Wagner, A., Pehar, M., Yan, Z. & Kulka, M. (2023) Amanita muscaria extract potentiates production of proinflammatory cytokines by dsRNA-activated human microglia. Frontiers in Pharmacology 14: 1102465. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1102465
  57. White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR protocols a guide to methods and applications 18: 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
  58. Yang, Z.L. (1997) Die Amanita-Arten von Sudwestchina. Bibliotheca Mycologica 170: 1–240.
  59. Yang, Z.L. (2005) Flora Fungorum Sinicorum Vol. 27. Amanitaceae. Science Press, Beijing, 258 pp. [in Chinese]
  60. Yang, Z.L., Cai, Q. & Cui, Y.Y. (2018) Phylogeny, diversity and morphological evolution of Amanitaceae. Biosystematics and ecology Series 34: 359–380.
  61. Zavadinack, M., de Lima Bellan, D., da Rocha Bertage, J.L., da Silva Milhorini, S., da Silva Trindade, E., Simas, F.F., Sassaki, G.L., Cordeiro, L.M.C. & Iacomini, M. (2021) An alpha-D-galactan and a beta-D-glucan from the mushroom Amanita muscaria: Structural characterization and antitumor activity against melanoma. Carbohydrate Polymers 274: 118647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118647
  62. Zhang, A.-Q., Jin, R., Zhang, X., Tarafder, E. & Xu, J.-Z. (2025) Two new species of genus Leucoagaricus and Leucocoprinus (Agaricaceae, Agaricales) from China. MycoKeys 125: 33–49. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.125.160410
  63. Zhou, H., Guo, M.J., Zhuo, L., Yan, H.F., Sui, X.N., Gao, Y. & Hou, C.L. (2023) Diversity and taxonomy of the genus Amanita (Amanitaceae, Agaricales) in the Yanshan Mountains, Northern China. Frontiers in Plant Science 14: 1226794. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1226794
  64. Zhou, S., Li, X., Lüli, Y., Li, X., Chen, Z.H., Yuan, P., Yang, Z.L., Li, G. & Luo, H. (2021) Novel cyclic peptides from lethal Amanita mushrooms through a genome-guided approach. Journal of Fungi 7: 204. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7030204

How to Cite

Chen, M.-L., Gong, Y.-P., Mukjang, N., Zheng, Y.-F. & Luo, X. (2026) Two new species of Amanita (Amanitaceae, Agaricales) from Anhui Province, China. Phytotaxa 754 (2): 123–140. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.754.2.1