Abstract
A new species, Thaxterogaster laojunensis, collected in the Laojun Mountains, Yunnan Province, China, is proposed based on morphological characteristic comparison and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit rRNA (nrLSU). This species is distinguished by its viscid pileus with yellowish tones and a white margin, and a cylindrical hollow stipe without basal bulbosity. This study presents a detailed taxonomic description, illustrations, phylogenetic analysis results, and comparison with closely related taxa of the new species.
References
- Beaton, G., Pegler, D.N. & Young, T.W.K. (1985) Gasteroid Basidiomycota of Victoria State, Australia. 3. Cortinariales. Kew Bull 40 (1): 167–204. https://doi.org/10.2307/4108493
- Capella-Gutiérrez, S., Silla-Martínez, J.M. & Gabaldón, T. (2009) trimAl: a tool for automated alignment trimming in large-scale phylogenetic analyses. Bioinformatics 25 (15): 1972–1973. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp348
- Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes--application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2 (2): 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.1993.tb00005.x
- Katoh, K., Rozewicki, J. & Yamada, K.D. (2019) MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. Brief Bioinform 20 (4): 1160–1166. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108
- Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30 (4): 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
- Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1978) Methuen handbook of colour. Eyre Methuen, London, 252 pp.
- Liimatainen, K., Kim, J.T., Pokorny, L., Kirk, P.M., Dentinger, B. & Niskanen, T. (2022) Taming the beast: a revised classification of Cortinariaceae based on genomic data. Fungal Diversity 112 (1): 89–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-022-00499-9
- Liimatainen, K., Niskanen, T., Dima, B., Kytövuori, I., Ammirati, J.F. & Frøslev, T.G. (2014) The largest type study of Agaricales species to date: bringing identification and nomenclature of Phlegmacium (Cortinarius) into the DNA era. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 33 (1): 98–140. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158514x684681
- Liu, S.L., Wang, X.W., Li, G.J., Deng, C.Y., Rossi, W., Leonardi, M., Liimatainen, K., Kekki, T., Niskanen, T., Smith, M.E., Ammirati, J., Bojantchev, D., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Zhang, M., Tian, E., Lu, Y.Z., Zhang, J.Y., Ma, J., Dutta, A.K., Acharya, K., Du, T.Y., Xu, J., Kim, J.S., Lim, Y.W., Gerlach, A., Zeng, N.K., Han, Y.X., Razaghi, P., Raza, M., Cai, L., Calabon, M.S., Jones, E.B.G., Saha, R., Kumar, T.K.A., Krishnapriya, K., Thomas, A., Kaliyaperumal, M., Kezo, K., Gunaseelan, S., Singh, S.K., Singh, P.N., Lagashetti, A.C., Pawar, K.S., Jiang, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, H., Qing, Y., Bau, T., Peng, X.C., Wen, T.C., Ramirez, N.A., Niveiro, N., Li, M.X., Yang, Z.L., Wu, G., Tarafder, E., Tennakoon, D.S., Kuo, C.H., da Silva, T.M., Souza-Motta, C.M., Bezerra, J.D.P., He, G., Ji, X.H., Suwannarach, N., Kumla, J., Lumyong, S., Wannathes, N., Rana, S., Hyde, K.D. & Zhou, L.W. (2024) Fungal diversity notes 1717–1817: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 124 (1): 1–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-023-00529-0
- Long, P., Zhou, S.Y., Li, S.N., Liu, F.F. & Chen, Z.H. (2024) Three new species of Cortinarius section Delibuti (Cortinariaceae, Agaricales) from China. Mycokeys 101: 143–162. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.101.114705
- Nouhra, E., Kuhar, F., Truong, C., Pastor, N., Crespo, E., Mujic, A., Caiafa, M.V. & Smith, M.E. (2021) Thaxterogaster revisited: A phylogenetic and taxonomic overview of sequestrate Cortinarius from Patagonia. Mycologia 113 (5): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2021.1894535
- Nylander, J.A.A., Ronquist, F., Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Nieves-Aldrey, J. (2004) Bayesian Phylogenetic Analysis of Combined Data. Systematic Biology 53 (1): 47–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150490264699
- Peintner, U., Moser, M. & Vilgalys, R. (2002) Thaxterogaster is a taxonomic synonym of Cortinarius: New combinations and new names. Mycotaxon 81: 177–184.
- Rathnayaka, A.R., Tennakoon, D.S., Jones, G.E., Wanasinghe, D.N., Bhat, D.J., Priyashantha, A.H., Stephenson, S.L., Tibpromma, S. & Karunarathna, S.C. (2025) Significance of precise documentation of hosts and geospatial data of fungal collections, with an emphasis on plant-associated fungi. New Zealand Journal of Botany 63 (2–3): 462–489. https://doi.org/10.0.4.56/0028825X.2024.2381734
- Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61 (3): 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
- Singer, R. (1951) Thaxterogaster-A New Link Between Gastromycetes and Agaricales. Mycologia 43 (2): 215–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1951.12024121
- Soop, K., Cooper, J.A., Nilsen, A.R., Siegel, N. & Orlovich, D.A. (2025) Review of phlegmacioid Cortinariaceae (Agaricales) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 63 (1): 78–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2023.2255159
- Soop, K., Dima, B., Cooper, J.A., Park, D. & Oertel, B. (2019) A phylogenetic approach to a global supraspecific taxonomy of Cortinarius (Agaricales) with an emphasis on the southern mycota. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 42 (1): 261–290. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2019.42.10
- Su, H.L., Hyde, K.D., Luo, L., Zhao, Q. & Wedaralalage, T.C.K. (2025) Four new species of Chlorociboria from Yunnan, China. Mycological Progress 24: 27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-025-02046-7
- Trifinopoulos, J., Nguyen, L.T., von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B.Q. (2016) W-IQ-TREE: a fast online phylogenetic tool for maximum likelihood analysis. Nucleic Acids Research 44 (W1): W232–235. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw256
- Vaidya, G., Lohman, D.J. & Meier, R. (2011) SequenceMatrix: concatenation software for the fast assembly of multi-gene datasets with character set and codon information. Cladistics 27 (2): 171–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00329.x
- Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172 (8): 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990
- Wang, Z.R., Zhou, S.Y., Liu, F.F. & Yang, Z.L. (2025) The genus Thaxterogaster (Cortinariaceae): phylogeny and species diversity in Western China. Mycology: 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2024.2441178
- Wang, X.H., Cai, Q., Yu, F.M., Yang, Z.L., Zhou, S.Y., Wang, Z.R., Cui, Y.Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, P., Cao, S.Q., Zhu, X.T., Lei, L., Lu, J.R., Li, J.N., Wang, G.S., Jia, L.K., Mu, L.H., Li, G.M., Li, M.X., Yang, B.Q., Feng, W.C., Liu, Z.W., Li, C.J.Y., Xu, R.J., Bao, S.X., Li, T.S., Jia, P.S., Wu, D.M., Gao, N., Hyde, K.D., Wu, G. & Zhao, Q. (2025b) New and notable taxa of Basidiomycota on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its surrounding areas. Fungal Diversity 133: 235–437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-025-00558-x
- White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S.J.W.T. & Taylor, J.W. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications 18: 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
- Xie, M.L., Feng, N., Lin, W.F., Su, W.Y., Li, Y. & Yang, Z.Q. (2023) Morphological and Phylogenetic Characterization of Three Novel Thaxterogaster (Cortinariaceae) Species from China with an Emphasis on Their Subtropical Distribution. Journal of Fungi 9 (11): 1058. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9111058
- Xie, M.L., Li, Y.I., Wei, T.-Z., Li, Y.U. & Li, C.-T. (2024) A new species and five new combinations of Thaxterogaster (Cortinariaceae, Agaricales) from China. Phytotaxa 677 (2): 155–165. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.677.2.4
