Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 663 No. 1: 15 Aug. 2024
Type: Article
Published: 2024-08-15
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.1.1
Page range: 1-14
Abstract views: 137
PDF downloaded: 7

The name for a well-known crop: Rumex kioviensis, a hybridogenous taxon derived from R. patientia × R. tianschanicus (Polygonaceae)

M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1 Sadovo-Botanichna Street, Kyiv, 01014, Ukraine
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1 Sadovo-Botanichna Street, Kyiv, 01014, Ukraine
M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2 Tereschenkivska Street, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
biofuel fodder plant new crop nomenclature Polygonaceae Rumex taxonomy Ukraine weed Eudicots

Abstract

The new crops developed at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in Kyiv from the initial artificial interspecific crosses Rumex patientia × R. tianschanicus are variously known in botanical and agricultural literature under the hybrid formula or informal names “Shchavnat”, “Hybrid Dock”, “Rumex K-1”, “Rumex OK-2”, or names of cultivars cv. ‘Kyivskyi Ultra’, cv. ‘Shpinat Uteusha’, cv. ‘Nastavnyk’, etc. A brief overview of the history of development of these cultivars is provided. These robust perennial plants are cultivated at present as spinach greens, fodder, and high-yield biomass producers for bioenergy applications in several European and other countries (Ukraine, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany, Romania, etc.). Numerous agricultural, horticultural, and biotechnological publications about these new crops are now available, including various aspects of and data on their biochemistry, physiology, genetics, morphology, propagation, agrotechniques, biomass and biofuel production potential, nutritional value, etc. Also, these hybrid cultivars were reported in several regions of Central Europe as potentially invasive weeds escaped from cultivation. Considering the growing popularity of the Hybrid Dock as a green leaf vegetable, a biomass and biofuel producing crop (among other uses), and a potentially invasive alien, we think that a proper botanical name should be assigned to that taxon. Here it is described as a new hybridogenous species Rumex kioviensis Rakhmetov, A. Mosyakin & Mosyakin. Diagnostic characters distinguishing this new taxon from its parent taxa and other related species are indicated. Some remaining taxonomic and nomenclatural problems regarding Asian taxa related to R. patientia are briefly discussed.

References

  1. Baytenov [Bajtenov], M.S. (1985) Vysokogornaya flora Severnogo Tyan-Shanya [High-Mountain Flora of the Northern Tian Shan]. Nauka Publ. of the Kazakh SSR, Alma-Ata [Almaty], 232 pp. [In Russian]
  2. Baytenov [Bajtenov], M.S. & Pavlov, N.V. (1960) Polygonaceae. In: Pavlov, N.V. (Ed.) Flora Kazakhstana [Flora of Kazakhstan], vol. 3. Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR Publ., Alma-Ata [Almaty], pp. 90–179. [In Russian]
  3. Bazhay-Zhezherun, S. & Rakhmetov, D. (2014) Nutritional value of Shchavnat. Kharchova Promyslovist [Food Industry (Kyiv)] 16: 15–19. [In Ukrainian] [http://dspace.nuft.edu.ua/jspui/bitstream/123456789/24166/1/2.pdf]
  4. Bhandari, G.S. & Park, C.-W. (2022) Molecular evidence for natural hybridization between Rumex crispus and R. obtusifolius (Polygonaceae) in Korea. Scientific Reports 12: art. 5423. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09292-9
  5. Borodina, A.E. (1989) Polygonaceae. In: Grubov, V.I. (Ed.) Rasteniya Tsentral’noy Azii / Plantae Asiae Centralis [Plants of Central Asia], vol. 9. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 77–130. [In Russian]
  6. Borodina, A.E. (1996) Rumex. In: Tzvelev, N.N. (Ed.) Flora Vostochnoy Evropy / Flora Europae Orientalis [Flora of Eastern Europe], vol. 9. Mir i Semia–95, St. Petersburg, pp. 101–119. [In Russian]
  7. Borodina, A.E. (2005) Polygonaceae. In: Grubov, V.I. (Ed.) Plants of Central Asia, vol. 9. Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield (NH), USA & Plymouth, UK, pp. 103–178.
  8. Brown, M.R., Hollingsworth, PM., Forrest, L.L., Hart, M.L., Leitch, I.J., Jones, L., Ford, C., de Vere, N. & Twyford, A.D. (2023) Genetic factors predict hybrid formation in the British flora. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 120 (16): art. e2220261120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2220261120
  9. Bussmann, R.W., Batsatsashvili, K. & Kikvidze, Z. (2020) Rumex confertus Willd,., Rumex tianschanicus Losinsk. (Polygonaceae). In: Batsatsashvili, K., Kikvidze, Z. & Bussmann, R. (Eds.) Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Central Asia and Altai [Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions series]. Springer, Cham, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77087-1_124-1
  10. Campderá, F. (1819) Monographie des Rumex, précédée de quelques vues générales sur la famille des polygonées. Treuttel et Würtz, Paris, 169 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.15475
  11. Danser, B.H. (1924a) De Nederlandsche Rumex-bastaarden. III. Nederlandsch Kruidkundig Archief 1923: 232–270. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26164#page/244/mode/1up]
  12. Danser, B.H. (1924b) Determineertabel voor de in Nederland in het wild gevonden Polygonaceeën. Nederlandsch Kruidkundig Archief 1923: 271–306. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/26164#page/283/mode/1up]
  13. Elven, E., Nilsson, Ö. & Snogerup, S. (2000) Rumex. In: Jonsell, B. (Ed.) Flora Nordica, vol. 1. Bergius Foundation, Stockholm, pp. 281–318.
  14. Fourreau, J.P. (1869) Catalogue de plantes du cours du Rhône (suite et fin). Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon, nouvelle série 17: 89–200. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/237522#page/127/mode/1up]
  15. Görner, T. (2013) Energetické rostliny z pohledu ochrany přírody [English summary title: Planting energy crops in the Czech Republic as seen by the State Nature Conservancy]. Ochrana přírody 2013 (5): 10–12. [https://www.casopis.ochranaprirody.cz/pece-o-prirodu-a-krajinu/energeticke-rostliny/?action=download]
  16. Grant, K.D., Koenemann, D., Mansaray, J., Ahmed, A., Khamar, H., El Oualidi, J. & Burke, J.M. (2022) A new phylogeny of Rumex (Polygonaceae) adds evolutionary context to the diversity of reproductive systems present in the genus. PhytoKeys 204: 57–72. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.204.85256
  17. Havlíčková, K. & Suchý, J. (2010) Development model for energy crop plantations in the Czech Republic for the years 2008–2030. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (7): 1925–1936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.03.010
  18. Hujerová, R., Gaisler, J., Pavlů, L., Pavlů, V. & Mandák, B. (2013a) Hybrid of Rumex patientia × Rumex tianschanicus (Rumex OK-2) as a potentially new invasive weed in Central Europe. Grassland Science in Europe 18: 466–468 [Special issue of Grassland Science in Europe: The role of grasslands in a green future: threats and perspectives in less favoured areas. Proceedings of the 17th Symposium of the European Grassland Federation, Akureyri, Iceland].
  19. Hujerová, R., Pavlů, V., Hejcman, M., Pavlů, L. & Gaisler, J. (2013b) Effect of cutting frequency on above- and belowground biomass production of Rumex alpinus, R. crispus, R. obtusifolius and the Rumex hybrid (R. patienta × R. tianschanicus) in the seeding year. Weed Research 53 (5): 378–386. https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12037
  20. Hujerová, R., Gaisler, J., Pavlů, L., Pavlů, V. & Hejcman, M. (2014) Emergence and survival of Rumex OK-2 (Rumex patientia × Rumex tianschanicus) in grasslands under different management conditions. Grassland Science in Europe 19: 327–329. [Special issue of Grassland Science in Europe: EGF at 50: The future of European grasslands. Proceedings of the 25th General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation, Aberystwyth, Wales, 7–11 September 2014]
  21. Hujerová, R., Pavlů, L., Pavlů, V., Hejcman, M. & Gaisler, J. (2017) Dynamics of above-ground and below-ground biomass of Rumex crispus, Rumex obtusifolius and the new weedy species Rumex hybrid cv. OK-2 (R. patientia × R. tianschanicus) in the seeding year. Weed Research 57 (2): 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12240
  22. Iamonico, D., Domina, G. & Conti, F. (2023) On the identity of Rumex uliginosus (Polygonaceae) and the occurrence of R. dentatus in Italy. Phytotaxa 619 (1): 105–110. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.619.1.6
  23. Iamonico, D. & Iberite, M. (2024) About the nomenclature of the complicated ruderal species Rumex pulcher s.l. (Polygonaceae). Taxon (online first). https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.13203
  24. IPNI (2024–onward) International Plant Names Index. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Herbarium. Published on the Internet. Available from: http://www.ipni.org (accessed 21 July 2024)
  25. Klokov, M.V. (1952) Polygonaceae. In: Kotov, M.I. (Ed.) Flora URSR [Flora of the Ukrainian SSR], vol. 4. Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR Publ., Kyiv, pp. 190–259. [In Ukrainian]
  26. Koenemann, D.M., Kistler, L. & Burke, J.M. (2023) A plastome phylogeny of Rumex (Polygonaceae) illuminates the divergent evolutionary histories of docks and sorrels. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 182: art. 107755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107755
  27. Lazkov, G.A. & Sultanova, B.A. (2014) Kadastr flory Kyrgyzstana. Sosudistye rasteniya [Cadastre of the flora of Kyrghyzstan. Vascular plants]. National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrghyz Republic, Bishkek, 125 pp. [In Russian]
  28. Li, A., Grabovskaya-Borodina, A.E. & Mosyakin, S.L. (2003) Rumex. In: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) Flora of China, vol. 4. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 333–341. [http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china//PDF/PDF05/Rumex.pdf]
  29. Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum, vols. 1–2. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 1200 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669
  30. Liszniańska, M., Ślesak, H., Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno, M., Ślesak, I., Popielarska-Konieczna, M. & Joachimiak, A. (2016) In vitro study on energy plant R. tianschanicus × R. patientia. New Biotechnology 33 (Supplement: Abstracts of the 17th European Congress on Biotechnology): S89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2016.06.1029
  31. Lozina-Lozinskaya [Losina-Losinskaja], A.S. (1936) Rumex. In: Komarov, V.L. (Ed.) Flora of the USSR, vol. 5. Academy of Sciences of the USSR Publ., Moscow & Leningrad, pp. 444–482, 715–717. [In Russian]
  32. Lozina-Lozinskaya, A.S. (1970) Rumex. In: Komarov, V.L. (Ed.) Flora of the U.S.S.R., vol. 5. Published for the Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, pp. 351–379, 547–549. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95308#page/395/mode/1up]
  33. Meisner, C.D.F. (1856) Rumex. In: de Candolle, A.P. (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, vol. 14(1). Sumptibus Victoris Masson, Paris, pp. 41–74. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.286
  34. Miller, P. (1754) The Gardeners Dictionary: containing the methods of cultivating and improving all sorts of trees, plants, and flowers, for the kitchen, fruit, and pleasure gardens, as also those which are used in medicine: with directions for the culture of vineyards, and making of wine in England: in which likewise are included the practical parts of husbandry, abridged 4th ed., vol. 1. Printed for the author and sold by John and James Rivington, London, sine pag., London. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.79061
  35. Miller, P. (1768) The Gardeners Dictionary: containing the best and newest methods of cultivating and improving the kitchen, fruit, flower garden, and nursery, as also for performing the practical parts of agriculture, including the management of vineyards, with the methods of making and preserving wine, according to the present practice of the most skilful vignerons in the several wine countries in Europe, together with directions for propagating and improving, from real practice and experience, all sorts of timber trees, Ed. 8. Printed for the author and sold by John and Francis Rivington... [etc.], sine pag., London. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.541
  36. Mosyakin, S.L. (2005) Rumex. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Eds.) Flora of North America north of Mexico, vol. 5. Oxford University Press, New York & Oxford, pp. 489–533. [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=128864]
  37. Mosyakin, S.L., Fedoronchuk, M.M. & McNeill, J. (2022) (2886) Proposal to conserve the name Aria against Chamaemespilus and Torminalis (Rosaceae). Taxon 71 (2) 480–481. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12705
  38. Mosyakin, S.L. & McNeill, J. (2023) (241) Proposal to amend Article H.11.1 by additionally allowing a combination of the name of a hybridogenous genus and a nothospecific epithet for naming a nothospecies of which the postulated or known parent species belong to different genera. Taxon 72 (2): 461–462. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12914
  39. Mosyakin, S.L. & Rakhmetov, D.B. (2023) (2992) Proposal to conserve the name Rumex tianschanicus with that spelling against R. paulsenianus (Polygonaceae). Taxon 72 (5): 1128–1130. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.13065
  40. Omarova, M.A., Artamonova, N.A. & Chasovitina, G.M. (1998) Chemical composition of the hybrid Rumex K-1. Chemistry of Natural Compounds 34: 426–428. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02329587
  41. Pakhomova, M.G. (1971) Rumex. In: Vvedensky, A.I. (Ed.) Opredelitel’ rasteniy Sredney Azii [Conspectus Florae Asiae Mediae], vol. 2. Editio Academiae Scientiarum UzSSR, Tashkent [Toshkent], pp. 159–171. [In Russian]
  42. Pau, C. (1887) Notas botánicas á la flora española, Fascículo 1. Escuela Tipográfica del Hospicio, Madrid, 40 pp. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141494]
  43. Petříková, V. (2009–onward) Rumex OK 2—krmný šťovík. Biom.cz [online]. [https://biom.cz/cz/odborne-clanky/rumex-ok-2-krmny-stovik]
  44. Petříková, V. (2011–onward) Energetické uplatnění krmného šťovíku [Energy use of Rumex OK 2]. TZB-Info.cz [online]. [http://oze.tzb-info.cz/biomasa/7779-energeticke-uplatneni-krmneho-stoviku]
  45. Pliszko, A. (2019) Typification of two natural hybrids in Rumex (Polygonaceae). Kew Bulletin 74: art. 17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-019-9803-8
  46. Popova, L.I. (1953) Rumex. In: Vvedensky, A.I. (Ed.) Flora Kirgizskoy SSR [Flora of the Kirgiz SSR], vol. 4. KirgizFAN Publ., Frunze [Bishkek], pp. 97–108. [In Russian]
  47. POWO (2024–onward) Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org (accessed 21 July 2024)
  48. Preston, C.D. & Pearman, D.A. (2015) Plant hybrids in the wild: evidence from biological recording, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 115 (3): 555–572. https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12577
  49. Pyšek, P., Danihelka, J., Sádlo, J., Chrtek Jr., J., Chytrý, M., Jarošík, V., Kaplan, Z., Krahulec, F., Moravcová, L., Pergl, J., Štajerová, K. & Tichý, L. (2012) Catalogue of alien plants of the Czech Republic (2nd edition): checklist update, taxonomic diversity and invasion patterns. Preslia 84: 155–255. [https://www.preslia.cz/article/pdf?id=162]
  50. Qaiser, M. (2001) Polygonaceae. In: Ali, S.I. & Qaiser, M. (Eds.) Flora of Pakistan, vol. 205. Polygonaceae. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, MO, USA, 190 pp. [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=10717]
  51. Rafinesque, C.S. (1837) Flora Telluriana, vol. 3. Printed for the author by H. Probasco, Philadelphia, 101 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7751
  52. Rakhmetov, D.B. (2018) Non-traditional plant species for bioenergetics / Нетрадиционные виды растений для биоэнергетики. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia, 103 pp. https://doi.org/10.15414/2018.fe-9788055218557
  53. Rakhmetov, D.B. & Rakhmetova, S.O. (2006) Varietal diversification of Shchavnat (Rumex patientia L. × R. tianschаnicus Losinsk.) and directions of its use. Plant Introduction (Kyiv), 29 (1): 11–16. [In Ukrainian] https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3377827
  54. Rakhmetov, D.B., Kudrenko, I.K. & Rakhmetova, S.A. (2003) Shchavnat, a new perennial crop: methodological recommendations. Nora-Druk, Kiev, 26 pp. [In Russian]
  55. Rakhmetov, D.B., Kovtun-Vodyanytska, S.M., Korablyova, O.A., Dzhurenko, N.I., Chetvernya, S.O., Vergun, O.M., Andrushchenko, O.L., Rakhmetova, S.O., Palamarchuk, O.P., Koval, I.V., Bondarchuk, O.P., Revunova, L.G., Shimanska, O.V., Gaznyuk, M.O. & Fishchenko, V.V. (2020) Collections of energy, aromatic and other useful plants of the M.M. Gryshko NBG [National Botanical Garden] of the NAS of Ukraine. PALYVODA A.V., Kyiv, 208 pp. [In Ukrainian]
  56. Rechinger, K.H. (1931) Beiträge zur Kenntnis von Rumex Sekt. Lapathum. III. 4. Rumex Paulsenianus n. sp. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 29 (11–20): 246–248. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19310291114
  57. Rechinger, K.H. (1933) Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Gattung Rumex. II. Die Arten der Subsektion Patientiae. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 31 (11–20): 225–283. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19330311109
  58. Rechinger, K.H. (1937) The North American species of Rumex. Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series 17 (1): 3–151. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2273
  59. Rechinger, K.H. (1940) Beiträge zur Kenntnis von Rumex. VIII. Kritische Bemerkungen zu einigen russischen Rumex-Arten. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 49 (1–4): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19400490103
  60. Rechinger, K.H. (1942) Ergebnisse einer botanischen Reise nach dem Iran, 1937. III. Teil. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 53 (1): 340–357. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41768446]
  61. Rechinger, K.H. (1949) Rumices asiatici: Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Gattung Rumex VII. Candollea 12: 9–152. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/43336109] https://doi.org/10.5169/seals-880442
  62. Rechinger, K.H. (1950) Sechs neue Rumex-Hybriden aus Persien. Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 97: 124–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01248388
  63. Rechinger, K.H. (1968) Rumex. In: Rechinger, K.H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica, vol. 56. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, Austria, pp. 2–24.
  64. Rechinger, K.H. (1984) Rumex (Polygonaceae) in Australia: A reconsideration. Nuytsia 5: 75–122. https://doi.org/10.58828/nuy00098
  65. Rechinger, K.H. & Akeroyd, J.R. (1993) Rumex. In: Tutin, T.G., Burges, N.A., Chater, A.O., Edmonson, J.R., Heywood, V.H., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (Eds.) Flora Europaea, ed. 2, vol. 1. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 99–107.
  66. Rogovitsch, A. (1843) Urtica kioviensis, species nova plantarum. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 16 (2): 324–326.
  67. Rolinec, M., Rakhmetov, D., Bíro, D., Juráček, M., Šimko, M., Gálik, B. & Hanušovský, O. (2018a) Energy content of hybrid Rumex patientia L. × Rumex tianschanicus A. Los. (Rumex OK 2) samples from autumn months. Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica (Nitra, Slovakia) 21 (1): 20–23. https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.01.20-23
  68. Rolinec, M., Rakhmetov, D., Bíro, D., Juráček, M., Šimko, M., Gálik, B. & Hanušovský, O. (2018b) Energy content of hybrid Rumex patientia L. × Rumex tianschanicus A. Los. (Rumex OK 2) samples from spring months and June. Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica (Nitra, Slovakia) 21 (2): 60–62. https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.02.60-62
  69. Rolinec, M., Rakhmetov, D., Bíro, D., Juráček, M., Šimko, M., Gálik, B. & Hanušovský, O. (2018c) Nutritional value and fermentation characteristics of silage made from hybrid Rumex patientia L. × Rumex tianschanicus A. Los. (Rumex OK 2) in different months during the year. Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica (Nitra, Slovakia) 21 (3): 129–134. https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.03.129-134
  70. Ruhsam, M., Jacobs, T., Watson, K. & Hollingsworth, P.M. (2015) Is hybridisation a threat to Rumex aquaticus in Britain? Plant Ecology and Diversity 8: 465–474. https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2014.941956
  71. Schultes, J.A. (1830) Caroli a Linné, equitis, Systema Vegetabilium: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species; cum characteribus differentiis et synonymis, vol. 7(2). Ed. 15 bis. Sumtibus J.G. Cottae, Stuttgardtiae [Stuttgart], cvii + 755–1816 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.825
  72. Schuster, T.M., Reveal, J.L., Bayly, M.J. & Kron, K.A. (2015) An updated molecular phylogeny of Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae): Relationships of Oxygonum, Pteroxygonum, and Rumex, and a new circumscription of Koenigia. Taxon 64 (6): 1188–1208. https://doi.org/10.12705/646.5
  73. Seitimova, G.A., Shokan, A.K., Tolstikova, T.G., Zhukova, N.A., Korulkin, D.Y., Kudrina, N.O., Litvinenko, Y.A., Meduntseva, N.D., Terletskaya, N.V. & Kulmanov, T.E. (2023) Antiulcer activity of anthraquinone—flavonoid complex of Rumex tianschanicus Losinsk. Molecules 28: art. 2347. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052347
  74. Sennikov, A.N. & Kurtto, A. (2017) A phylogenetic checklist of Sorbus s.l. (Rosaceae) in Europe. Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 93: 1–78.
  75. Sennikov, A.N. & Tojibaev, K.Sh. (Eds.) (2021) Checklist of vascular plants of the Tian-Shan Mountain System. Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, xv + 607 pp.
  76. Sharma, G., Poudel, P., Thapa, R., Lamichhane, S., Poudel, H.R., Devkota, H.P., Kunwar, R.M., Jan, H.A., Sher, H., Rahman, I.U., Abbasi, A.M., Bussmann, R.W. & Paniagua-Zambrana, N.Y. (2021). Rumex nepalensis Spreng., Rumex hastatus D. Don, Rumex longifolius DC. (Polygonaceae). In: Kunwar, R.M., Sher, H. & Bussmann, R.W. (Eds.) Ethnobotany of the Himalayas. Springer, Cham, pp. 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45597-2_209-1
  77. Shiyan, N.M. (Ed.) (2011) Herbaria of Ukraine. Index Herbariorum Ucrainicum. Alterpress, Kyiv, 442 pp. [In Ukrainian]
  78. Ślesak, H., Liszniańska, M., Popielarska-Konieczna, M. & Ślesak, I. (2014a) Hybrid sorrel (Rumex tianschanicus × Rumex patientia) a high biomass yielding plant as an interesting object of physiological research. Modern Phytomorphology 6: 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.160394
  79. Ślesak, H., Liszniańska, M., Popielarska-Konieczna, M., Góralski, G., Sliwinska, E. & Joachimiak, A.J. (2014b) Micropropagation protocol for the hybrid sorrel Rumex tianschanicus × Rumex patientia, an energy plant. Histological, SEM and flow cytometric analyses. Industrial Crops and Products 62: 156–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.08.031
  80. Ślesak, H., Liszniańska, M., Ślesak, I., Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno, M., Popielarska-Konieczna, M. & Joachimiak, A.J. (2017) Rooting affects the photosystem II activity: in vitro and ex vitro studies on energy hybrid sorrel. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 39: art. 210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-017-2510-x
  81. Sprengel, C.P.J. (1825) Systema vegetabilium, ed. “16” [ed. 17], vol. 2. Sumtibus Librariae Dieterichianae, Gottingae [Göttingen], 939 pp.
  82. Srivastava, R.C. (2014) Family Polygonaceae in India. Indian Journal of Plant Sciences 3 (2): 112–150.
  83. Stace, C.A. (2010) New flora of the British Isles, ed. 3. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge & New York, xxxiv + 1232 pp.
  84. Stace, C.A., Preston, C.D. & Pearman, D. (2015) Hybrid flora of the British Isles. Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, Bristol, 501 pp.
  85. Thiers, B. (2009–onward) Index Herbariorum. A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih (accessed 21 July 2024)
  86. Turland, N.J. & Wiersema, J.H. (2024) Synopsis of Proposals on Nomenclature—Madrid 2024: A review of the proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants submitted to the XX International Botanical Congress. Taxon 73 (1): 325–404. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.13114
  87. Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159: i–xxxviii + 1–254. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
  88. Ust’ak, S. (2007) Pĕstování a využití št’ovíku krmného v podmínkách České republiky [Cultivation and use of fodder sorrel in conditions of the Czech Republic]. Výzkumný ústav rostlinné výroby, Praha, 32 pp.
  89. Ust’ak, S. (2012) Pěstování šťovíku krmného pro výrobu bioplynu [Cultivation of fodder sorrel for biofuel production]. Výzkumný ústav rostlinné výroby, Praha, 32 pp. [http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-161445]
  90. Usťak, S. & Usťaková, M. (2004) Potential for agricultural biomass to produce bioenergy in the Czech Republic. In: Parris, K. (Ed.) Biomass and Agriculture: Sustainability, Markets and Policies. OECD, Paris, pp. 229–240. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264105546-en
  91. Ust’ak, S., Šinko, J. & Muňoz, J. (2021) Hybrid sorrel: cultivation potential and use as a novel non-food multipurpose crop. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 15 (1): 131–149. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2157
  92. Uteush, Y.A. (1991) New potential fodder crops. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 190 pp. [In Russian]
  93. Uteush, Y.A. & Lobas, M.G. (1996) Fodder resources of the flora of Ukraine. Naukova Dumka, Kyiv, 223 pp. [In Ukrainian]
  94. Vaid, K.M. & Naithani, H.B. (1979) A new species of Rumex from India. Indian Forester 105 (11): 802–804. [https://indianforester.co.in/index.php/indianforester/article/view/11379]
  95. Vasas, A., Orbán-Gyapai, O. & Hohmann, J. (2015) The genus Rumex: Review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 175: 198–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.001
  96. Zhang, Y.-L., Ju, X.-F., Yang, Q.-C., Li, B.-L. & Yang, Z.-M. (2004) Genetic diversity of Rumex K-1 (Rumex patientia × R. tianschanicus cv. Rumex K-1) and wild Rumex spp. Acta Agrestia Sinica 12 (4): 298–302. [In Chinese, with an English abstract]
  97. Ziburski, A., Kadereit, J.W. & Leins, P. (1986) Quantitative aspects of hybridization in mixed populations of Rumex obtusifolius L. and R. crispus L. (Polygonaceae). Flora 178: 233–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-2530(17)31501-3