Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 637 No. 2: 20 Feb. 2024
Type: Article
Published: 2024-02-20
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.637.2.4
Page range: 165-176
Abstract views: 80
PDF downloaded: 1

Morpho-cytological studies and DNA barcoding in genus Senna (Fabaceae, Caesalpinoideae)

Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Fruits Research Programme, National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Ibadan, Nigeria.
Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Chromosome counts DNA sequences Molecular primers Morphological characterization Phylogenetic relationship Eudicots

Abstract

Senna Mill. is a complex plant group known to have underlying biological ambiguity, due to the high similarity that exists among its morphological attributes consequently making identification of closely related species very difficult. Considering the medicinal and nutritional values of some members of this genus, it is therefore important to employ a reliable and robust technique to delimit the members of this plant group. The present study employed morphological characters, chromosome counts and matK and rbcL primer markers to delimit and elucidate the phylogenetic relationship that exists among the seven Senna species from Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The cluster analysis of the studied morphological traits grouped S. podocarpa, S. alata and S. siamea on one hand. At the same time, the result showed that S. occidentalis, S. hirsuta, S. obstusifolia and S. sophera were closely related on the other hand. A chromosome count of x=18 was recorded in S. podocarpa and S. obstusifolia, x=20 in S. occidentalis x=22 in S. alata and S. hirsuta, and x=24 in S. siamea and S. sophera. There was a 100% yield in PCR amplification of the Senna species studied. The DNA sequences ranged from 546 to 843 base pairs and the phylogenetic tree revealed that S. podocarpa was genetically distant from the other species. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree resolution showed similarities among the Senna species studied, the Nigerian Senna and other Senna species referenced sequences obtained from NCBI. Despite similarities among these seven Senna species, they could be distinguished by the morphological attributes employed for their characterization. There is an addition of x=10 to the already known basic chromosome numbers in Senna. The chromosome numbers were greatly varied from previous counts and therefore have limitations as taxonomic tools.

References

  1. Akinsomisoye, O.S. Akomolafe, R.O., Abatan, J.A., Akano, O.P., Odukoya, S.O.A. & Akintayo, C.O. (2021) Effects of Methanolic extract of Senna podocarpa leaf on reproductive parameters of male wistar rats following lead acetate toxicity. Reproductive system and sexual disorder 10: 257. https://doi.org/10.35248/2161-038X.1000257
  2. Arogundade, O. O, Fatunmise, A.J. & Bernard, T.T. (2019) Taxonomic importance of the palynological features of some members of family Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae. Ife Journal of Science 21 (3): 27–36. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v21i3.3
  3. Arogundade, O., Matthew, J.O., Akinyoola, I.O., Akin-idowu, P.E. & Akinyemi, S.O.S. (2022) Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Mango Cultivars in Southwestern Nigeria. International Journal of Fruit Science 22 (1): 151–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.2019652
  4. Azani, N., Babineau, M., Bailey, C.D., Banks, H., Barbosa, A.R., Pinto, R.B., Boatwright, J.S., Borges, L.M., Brown, G.K., Bruneau, A., Candido, E., Cardoso, D., Chung, K.F., Clark, R.P., Conceição, A.S., Crisp, M., Cubas, P., Delgado-Salinas, A., Dexter, K.G., Doyle, J.J., Duminil, J., Egan, A.N., Estrella, M., Falcão, M.J., Filatov, D.A., Fortuna-Perez, A.P., Fortunato, R.H., Gagnon, E., Gasson, P., Rando, J.G., Azevedo Tozzi, A.M.G., Gunn, B., Harris, D., Haston, E., Hawkins, J.A., Herendeen, P.S., Hughes, C.E., Iganci, J.R.V., Javadi, F., Kanu, S.A., Kazempour-Osaloo, S., Kite, G.C., Klitgaard, B.B., Kochanovski, F.J., Koenen, E.J.M., Kovar, L., Lavin, M., le Roux, M., Lewis, G.P., de Lima, H.C., López-Roberts, M.C., Mackinder, B., Maia, V.H., Malécot, V., Mansano, V.F., Marazzi, B., Mattapha, S., Miller, J.T., Mitsuyuki, C., Moura, T., Murphy, D.J., Nageswara-Rao, M., Nevado, B., Neves, D., Ojeda, D.I., Pennington, R.T., Prado, D.E., Prenner, G., de Queiroz, L.P., Ramos, G., Filardi, F.L.R., Ribeiro, P.G., Rico-Arce, M.L., Sanderson, M.J., Santos-Silva, J., São-Mateus, W.M.B., Silva, M.J.S., Simon, M.F., Sinou, C., Snak, C., de Souza, E.R., Sprent, J., Steele, K.P., Steier, J.E., Steeves, R., Stirton, C.H., Tagane, S., Torke, B.M., Toyama, H., da Cruz, D.T., Vatanparast, M., Wieringa, J.J., Wink, M., Wojciechowski, M.F., Yahara, T., Yi, T. & Zimmerman, E. (2017) A new subfamily classification of the leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny. Taxon 66 (1): 44–77. https://doi.org/10.12705/661.3
  5. Azeez, S.O. (2020) Characterisation and reproductive biology of four Physalis L. species from Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal Botany 33 (2): 153–172.
  6. Azeez, S.O. Matthew, J.O., Olaoluwa, E.A., Adegboyega, G.B. & Akinyoola, I.O. (2020) Morphological and molecular studies of three species of Boerhavia from Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Ife Journal of Science 22 (2): 225–236. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v22i2.20
  7. Azeez, S.O., Ojo, S.A., Dunmade, O.G., Ogundele, T.O. & Akinpelu, B.A. (2022) Morphology and phytochemical diversity among some species in the Cyperaceae family. Journal of Biological Studies 5 (2): 243–268. https://doi.org/10.22034/jbs.2022.153279
  8. Begum, A., Rahman, M.O. & Begum, M. (2014) Stomatal and trichome diversity in Senna Mill. from Bangladesh. Bangldesh Journal of Plant Taxon 21 (1): 43–51. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v21i1.19264
  9. Ben Mahmoud, K., Mezzapesa, G.N., Abdelkefi, F. & Perrino, E.V. (2024) Beta macrocarpa Guss. in Tunisia: nutritional and functional properties of the underutilized wild beet in relation to soil characteristics. Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration. In press.
  10. Bilal, A., Khan, N.A., Ghhufran, A. & Inamuddin (2005) Pharmacological investigation of Cassia sophera Linn. var. purpurea Roxb. Medical Journal of Islamic World Academy of Sciences 15 (3): 105–109.
  11. Boonkerd, T., Pechsri, S. & Baum, B.R. (2005) A phenetic study of Cassia sensu lato (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioidae: Cassieae: Cassinae) in Thailand. Plant Systematics and Evolution 252: 153–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-004-0278-0
  12. Casella, F., Vurro, M., Valerio, F., Perrino, E.V., Mezzapesa, G.N. & Boari, A. (2023) Phytotoxic Effects of Essential Oils from Six Lamiaceae Species. Agronomy 13: 257. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010257
  13. Cordeiro, J.M.P. & Felix, L.P. (2018) Intra- and interspecific karyotypic variation of the genus Senna Mill. (Facbaceae- Caesalpiniodeae). Acta Botanica Basilica 32 (1): 128–134. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062017abb0274
  14. Essiett, U.A. & Bassey, I.E. (2013) Comparative Phytochemical Screening and Nutritional Potentials of the Flowers (petals) of Senna alata (L.) roxb, Senna hirsuta (L.) Irwin and Barneby, and Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin and Barneby (Fabaceae). Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 3 (8): 97–101. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2013.3817
  15. Ferreira, K., Torres, G.A. de Sousa, S.M. & dos Santos, A.C. (2010) Karyotype, meiotic behaviour and pollen features of Senna occidentalis. Biologia 65 (5): 789–795. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-010-0080-0
  16. Gill, L.S. & Husaini, S.W.H. (1981) Cyto-morphological investigations of some species of the genus cassia in Nigeria. Bulletin du Museum National’’Histoire Naturelle Section B Adansonia Botanique Phytochimie 3 (4): 46.
  17. Gill, L.S. & Husaini, S.W.H. (1986) Cytological observations in Leguminosae from Southern, Nigeria. Willdenowia 15: 521–527.
  18. Hubert, N. & Hanner, R. (2015) DNA barcoding, species delineation and taxonomy: a historical perspective. DNA Barcodes 3: 44–58. https://doi.org/10.1515,dna-2015-0006
  19. Igbari, A.O. & Ogundipe, O.T. (2019) Phylogenetic patterns in the tribe Acacieae (Caesalpiniodeae: Fabaceae) based on rbcl, Mat K, trnl-F and ITS sequence data. Asian Pacific Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 27 (2): 103–115. https://doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2019.027.2.13
  20. Inta, W., Traiperm, P., Ruchisansakum, S., Janssens, S.B., Viboonjun, U. & Swangpol, S.C. (2023) Evolution and classification of Musaceae based on male floral morphology. Plants 12: 1602. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081602
  21. Irwin, H.S. & Barneby, R.C. (1979) New names in Senna P. Mill. and Chamaecrista Moench (Leguminosae Caesalpinioideae) precursory to the Chihuahuan Desert Flora. Phytologia 44: 499–501.
  22. Irwin, H.S. (198) Preface. In: Polhill, R.M. & Raven, P.H. (Eds.) Advances in legume systematics, part 1. Richmond, U.K.: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, pp. vii–xi.
  23. Irwin, H.S. & Barneby, R.C. (1982) The American Cassiinae: a synoptical revision of Leguminosae tribe Cassieae subtribe Casiinae in the New World. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 35 (1): 252–255.
  24. Kang, Y., Deng, Z., Zang, R. & Long, W. (2017) DNA barcoding analysis and phylogenetic relationships of tree species in tropical cloud forests. Scientific Reports 7: 12564. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13057-0
  25. Kolawole, O.S., AbdulRahaman, A.A., Chukwuma, E.C. & Jimoh, M.A. (2021) A numerical approach to the taxonomy of some species of the subtribe Cassiinae in Nigeria. Webbia: Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Geography 76 (1): 97–108. https://doi.org/10.36253/jopt-10036
  26. Kumar, G., Tripathi, K. & Mishra, M. (2021) Cyto-systematical study of the genus Senna Mill. in a diverse geographical location of Uttar Pradesh. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 12 (3): 812–820. https://doi.org/10.32992/2021.1203.113
  27. Linnaeus, C. (1753) Cassia fitula L. in Sp.:377(1753). Available from: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:484507-1 (Accessed: 3 February 2024).
  28. Lindley, J. (1836) Fabaceae Lindl. Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2. 148. (1836) in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. [accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-31] https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei
  29. Link, J.H.F. (1831) Senna occidentalis L. in Handbuch 2: 140 (1831) Available from: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1117728-2 (Accessed: 3 February 2024).
  30. Lock, J.M. (1998) Cassia Sens. Lat. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioidaea) in Africa. Kew Bulletin 43 (2): 333–342. https://doi.org/10.2307/4113742
  31. LPWG (2017) A new subfamily classification of the Leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny. Taxon 66 (1): 44–77. https://doi.org/10.12705/661.3
  32. Maiti, A. & Naidi, A.S. (2019) Intraspecific phenological diversity among some Indian provenances of Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin and Barneby. Annals of Plant and Soil Research 21 (1): 36–42.
  33. Manoko, M.L.K. (2018) The power of coefficients and methods of coding in delimiting species using phenetic approach: the case of African Solanum Section Solanum sensu Edmonds. Tanzania Journal of Science 44 (1): 37–51.
  34. Marazzi, B., Conti, E. & Endress, P.K. (2007) Diversity in anthers and stigmas in the buzz-pollinated genus Senna (Leguminosae-Cassiinea). International Journal of Plant Science 168 (40): 371–391. https://doi.org/10.1086/512105
  35. Marazzi, B., Endress, K.P., de Queiroz, L.P. & Conti, E. (2006) Phylogenetic relationship within Senna (Leguminosae, Cassiinae) based on three chloroplast DNA regions: patterns in the evolution of floral symmetry and extrafloral nectaries. American Journal of Botany 9 (2): 288–303. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.93.2.288
  36. Miller, P. (1754) Senna Mill. Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4: s.p. (1754) in GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. [accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-31] https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei
  37. Mishra, P., Kumar, A. Rodrigues, V., Shukla, A.K. & Sundavesan, V. (2016) Feasibility of nuclear ribosomal region ITS1 over ITS2 in barcoding taxonomically challenging genera of subtribe Cassinea (Fabaceae). PeerJ 4: e2638. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2638
  38. Mishra, P., Shukla, A.K. & Sundaresan, V. (2018) Candidate DNA Barcode tags combined with high resolution melting (Bar-HRM) curve analysis for authentication of Senna alexandrina Mill. with validation in crude drugs. Frontier in Plant Science 9: 283. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00283
  39. Mishra, S.K. (2019) Chromosomal variations and speciation in Indian species of genus Senna Mill. (Subtribe Cassinae, Fabaceae): A synoptical Review. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research 10 (9): 34924–34931. http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2019.1009.4001
  40. Monkheang, P., Sudmoon, R., Tanee, T., Noikotr, K. Bletter, N. & Chaveerach, A. (2011) Species diversity, usages, molecular markers and barcode of medicinal Senna species (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae) in Thailand. Journal of Medicinal Plants 5 (26): 6173–6181. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR11.1075
  41. Normasiwi, S., Salamah, A. & Surya, M.I. (2021) Morphological characteristics of Indonesian Rubus flowers. Biodiversitas 22: 1441–1447. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220347
  42. Oladeji, O.S., Adelowo, F.E., Oluyori, A.P. & Bankole, D.T. (2020) Ethnobotanical description and biological activities of Senna alata. Hindawi 2020: 2580259. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2580259
  43. Oladejo, O.S., Adelowo, F.E. & Oluyori, A.P. (2021) The genus Senna (Fabaceae): A review on its traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. South African Journal of Botany 138: 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.11.017
  44. Ogundipe, O.T., Kadirr, A.B. & Adekanmbi, O.H. (2009) Foliar epidermal morphology of some Nigerian species of Senna (Caesalpiniaceae). Indian Journal of Science and Technology 2 (10): 5–9. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2009/v2i10.4
  45. Osingboye, A.D. (2017) Molecular characterization and DNA barcoding of Arid-land species of family Fabaceae in Nigeria. A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in Botany to the School of Postgraduate Studies, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
  46. Perrino, E.V., Mahmoud, Z.N.A., Valerio, F., Tomaselli, V., Wagensommer, R.P. & Trani, A. (2023) Synecology of Lagoecia cuminoides L. in Italy and evaluation of functional compounds presence in its water or hydroalcoholic extracts. Scientific Reports 13: 20906. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48065-w
  47. Pires, A.C. & Marinnoni, L. (2020) DNA barcoding and traditional taxonomy unified through integrative taxonomy: a view that challenges the debate questioning both methodologies, Biota Neotropica 10 (2): 339–346. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032010000200035
  48. Rahman, M.O., Rahman, M.Z. & Ayesa, B. (2013) Numerical taxonomy of the genus Senna Mill. from Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon 20 (1): 77–83. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v20i1.15467
  49. Resende, K.F.M. de, Davide, L.C. & Torres, G.A. (2013) Chromosome number and meiosis in populations of Senna species (Caesalpinioideae–Fabaceae) from Southeast Brazil. Caryologia 66 (1): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.2012.760883
  50. Roxburgh, W. (1832) Senna sophera L. in Fl. Ind., ed. 1832. 2: 347. Available from: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:518364-1 (Accessed: 3 February 2024).
  51. Roxburgh, W. (1832) Senna alata L. in Fl. Ind., ed. 1832. 2: 349. Available from: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1192167-2 (Accessed: 3 February 2024).
  52. Sefi, O., Ghrabi-Gammar, Z., Jilani, I.B.H., Daoud-Bouattour, A. & Brullo, S. (2020) A new species of Limonium from Tunisia. Phytotaxa 446 (5): 281–290. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.5.2
  53. Soladoye, M.O., Onakoya, M.A., Chukwuma, E.C. & Sonibare, M.A. (2010) Morphometric Study of genus Senna Mill. in South-eastern Nigeria. African Journal of Plant Science 4 (3): 44–52.
  54. Soontornchainaksang, P. & Chaiyasut, K. (1996) Cytogenetic study of some Thai species of flowering plant. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 24: 50–61.
  55. Stecher, G., Tamura, K. & Kumar, S. (2020) Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) for macOS. Molecular Biology and Evolution 37 (4): 1237–1239. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz312
  56. Ude, G.N., Igwe, D.O., McCormick, J., Ozokonkwo-Alor, O., Harper, J., Ballah, D., Aninweze, C., Chosen, O., Okoro, M., Ene, C., Chieze, V., Unachukwu, M., Onyia, C., Acquaah, G., Ogbonna, J. & Das, A. (2019) Genetic Diversity and DNA Barcoding of Yam Accessions from Southern Nigeria. American Journal of Plant Sciences 10 (01): 179–207. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2019.101015
  57. Wagensommer, R.P., Perrino, E.V., Albano, A., Medagli, P. & Passalacqua, N.G. (2016) Lectotypification of four Lacaita’s names in the genus Centaurea (Asteraceae). Phytotaxa 269 (1): 54–58. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.269.1.7
  58. Wagensommer, R.P. & Venanzoni, R. (2021) Geranium lucarinii sp. nov. and re-evaluation of G. kikianum (Geraniaceae). Phytotaxa 489 (3): 252–262. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.489.3.2