Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 622 No. 1: 24 Oct. 2023
Type: Article
Published: 2023-10-24
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.622.1.1
Page range: 1-16
Abstract views: 152
PDF downloaded: 140

Cyathus tongxinianus sp. nov. (Basidiomycota) from China

Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Universities of Yunnan Province; Southwest Forestry University; Kunming 650224; P.R. China
Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Universities of Yunnan Province; Southwest Forestry University; Kunming 650224; P.R. China
Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Universities of Yunnan Province; Southwest Forestry University; Kunming 650224; P.R. China
Baoshan People’s Hospital; Baoshan; 678000; P.R.China
Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Universities of Yunnan Province; Southwest Forestry University; Kunming 650224; P.R. China. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Gastrodia and Fungal Symbiotic Biology; Zhaotong University; 657000; P.R. China
Fungi new species Molecular phylogeny Nidulariaceae Taxonomy Wood-inhabiting fungi

Abstract

A new species of bird’s nest fungus, Cyathus tongxinianus, is proposed based on a combination of morphological and molecular evidence. Cyathus tongxinianus is characterized by the cupulate to obconical basidiomata with the smooth outer and inner surface of the peridium, a dimitic hyphal system of peridium walls with generative hyphae having clamp connections, the presence of the fimbriate mouth, brown black to dark grey peridioles, a monomitic hyphal system bearing the generative hyphae with clamp connections, the presence of crystals, and sub-globose, thick-walled basidiospores (8.5–19.5 × 7.5–11). Sequences of ITS and nLSU rRNA markers of the studied samples were generated, and the phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and bayesian inference methods on two datasets (ITS+nLSU and ITS). The analyses showed that the new species clustered into the genus Cyathus within the family Nidulariaceae based on the ITS+nLSU phylogenetic tree. The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data from ITS sequences showed that C. tongxinianus is sister to C. annulatus, and groups with C. renweii.

 

References

  1. Accioly, T., Cruz, R.H., Assis, N.M., Ishikawa, N.K., Hosaka, K., Martín, M.P. & Baseia, I.G. (2018) Amazonian bird’s nest fungi (Basidiomycota): Current knowledge and novelties on Cyathus species. Mycoscience 59: 331–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2017.11.006
  2. Berkeley, M.J. (1854) Decades of fungi. Decades XLVII, XLVIII. Indian fungi. Hooker’s Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany 6: 204–212.
  3. Blenis, P.V. & Chow, P.S. (2005) Evaluating fungi from wood and canola for their ability to decompose canola stubble. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 27: 259‒267. https://doi.org/10.1080/07060660509507223
  4. Boonmee, S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Calabon, M.S., Huanraluek, N., Chandrasiri, S.K.U., Jones, E.B.G., Rossi, W., Leonardi, M., Singh, S.K., Rana, S., Singh, P.N., Maurya, D.K., Lagashetti, A.C., Choudhary, D., Dai, Y.C., Zhao, C.L., Mu, Y.H., Yuan, H.S., He, S.H., Phookamsak, R., Jiang, H,B,, Martín, M.P., Duenas, M., Telleria, M.T., Kałucka, I.L., Jagodziński, A.M., Liimatainen, K., Pereira, D.S., Phillips, A.J.L., Suwannarach, N., Kumla, J., Khuna, S., Lumyong, S., Potter, T.B., Shivas, R.G., Sparks, A.H., Vaghefi, N., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Abdel-Aziz, F.A., Li, G.J., Lin, W.F., Singh, U., Bhatt, R.P., Lee, H.B., Nguyen, T.T.T., Kirk, P.M., Dutta, A.K., Acharya, K., Sarma, V.V., Niranjan, M., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Ashtekar, N., Lad, S., Wijayawardene, N.N., Bhat, D.J., Xu, R.J., Wijesinghe, S.N., Shen, H.W., Luo, Z.L., Zhang, J.Y., Sysouphanthong, P., Thongklang, N., Bao, D.F., Aluthmuhandiram, J.V.S., Abdollahzadeh, J., Javadi, A., Dovana, F., Usman, M., Khalid, A.N., Dissanayake, A.J., Telagathoti, A., Probst, M., Peintner, U., Garrido-Benavent, I., Bóna, L., Merényi, Z., Boros, L., Zoltán, B., Stielow, J.B., Jiang, N., Tian, C.M., Shams, E., Dehghanizadeh, F., Pordel, A., Javan-Nikkhah, M., Denchev, T.T., Denchev, C.M., Kemler, M., Begerow, D., Deng, C.Y., Harrower, E., Bozorov, T., Kholmuradova, T., Gafforov, Y., Abdurazakov, A., Xu, J.C., Mortimer, P.E., Ren, G.C., Jeewon, R., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Phukhamsakda, C., Mapook, A. & Hyde, K.D. (2021) Fungal diversity notes 1387–1511: Taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 111: 1–335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00489-3
  5. Brodie, H.J. & Sharma, B.M. (1980) Cyathus griseocarpus, a new bird’s nest fungus from India. Botaniska Notiser 133: 343‒345.
  6. Brodie, H.J. (1970) A previously unnamed species of Cyathus from the Cypress Hills, Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany 48: 749‒750. https://doi.org/10.1139/b70-103
  7. Brodie, H.J. (1974) A new plicate Cyathus from India. Canadian Journal of Botany 52: 247‒249. https://doi.org/10.1139/b74-029
  8. Brodie, H.J. (1975) The bird’s nest fungi. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press. https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442632516
  9. Cai, J., Zou, L., Wu, X. & Zhao, C.L. (2023) Physisporinus yunnanensis sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from Southern China. Phytotaxa 579: 098‒106. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.579.2.3
  10. Crous, P.W., Wingfield, M.J., Burgess, T.I., Hardy, G.E., Crane, C., Barrett, S., Cano-Lira, J.F., Le Roux, J.J., Thangavel, R., Guarro, J., Stchigel, A.M., Martín, M.P., Alfredo, D.S., Barber, P.A., Barreto, R.W., Baseia, I.G., Cano-Canals, J., Cheewangkoon, R., Ferreira, R.J., Gené, J., Lechat, C., Moreno, G., Roets, F., Shivas, R.G., Sousa, J.O., Tan, Y.P., Wiederhold, N.P., Abell, S.E., Accioly, T., Albizu, J.L., Alves, J.L., Antoniolli, Z.I., Aplin, N., Araújo, J., Arzanlou, M., Bezerra, J.D., Bouchara, J.P., Carlavilla, J.R., Castillo, A., Castroagudín, V.L., Ceresini, P.C., Claridge, G.F., Coelho, G., Coimbra, V.R., Costa, L.A., da Cunha, K.C., da Silva, S.S., Daniel, R., de Beer, Z.W., Dueñas, M., Edwards, J., Enwistle, P., Fiuza, P.O., Fournier, J., García, D., Gibertoni, T.B., Giraud, S., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gusmão, L.F., Haituk, S., Heykoop, M., Hirooka, Y., Hofmann, T.A., Houbraken, J., Hughes, D.P., Kautmanová, I., Koppel, O., Koukol, O., Larsson, E., Latha, K.P., Lee, D.H., Lisboa, D.O., Lisboa, W.S., López-Villalba, Á., Maciel, J.L., Manimohan, P., Manjón, J.L., Marincowitz, S., Marney, T.S., Meijer, M., Miller, A.N., Olariaga, I., Paiva, L.M., Piepenbring, M., Poveda-Molero, J.C., Raj, K.N., Raja, H.A., Rougeron, A., Salcedo, I., Samadi, R., Santos, T.A., Scarlett, K., Seifert, K.A., Shuttleworth, L.A., Silva, G.A., Silva, M., Siqueira, J.P., Souza-Motta, C.M., Stephenson, S.L., Sutton, D.A., Tamakeaw, N., Telleria, M.T., Valenzuela-Lopez, N., Viljoen, A., Visagie, C.M., Vizzini, A., Wartchow, F., Wingfield, B.D., Yurchenko, E., Zamora, J.C. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2016) Fungal Planet description sheets: 469‒557. Persoonia 37: 218–403. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158516X694499
  11. Crous, P.W., Wingfield, M.J., Burgess, T.I., Hardy, G.E.S.J., Barber, P.A., Alvarado, P., Barnes, C.W., Buchanan, P.K., Heykoop, M., Moreno, G., Thangavel, R., van der Spuy, S., Barili, A., Barrett, S., Cacciola, S.O., Cano-Lira, J.F., Crane, C., Decock, C., Gibertoni, T.B., Guarro, J., Guevara-Suarez, M., Hubka, V., Kolařík, M., Lira, C.R.S., Ordoñez, M.E., Padamsee, M., Ryvarden, L., Soares, A.M., Stchigel, A.M., Sutton, D.A., Vizzini, A., Weir, B.S., Acharya, K., Aloi, F., Baseia, I.G., Blanchette, R.A., Bordallo, J.J., Bratek, Z., Butler, T., Cano-Canals, J., Carlavilla, J.R., Chander, J., Cheewangkoon, R., Cruz, R.H.S.F., da Silva, M., Dutta, A.K., Ercole, E., Escobio, V., Esteve-Raventós, F., Flores, J.A., Gené, J., Góis, J.S., Haines, L., Held, B.W., Jung, M.H., Hosaka, K., Jung, T., Jurjević, Ž., Kautman, V., Kautmanova, I., Kiyashko, A.A., Kozanek, M., Kubátová, A., Lafourcade, M., La Spada, F., Latha, K.P.D., Madrid, H., Malysheva, E.F., Manimohan, P., Manjón, J.L., Martín, M.P., Mata, M., Merényi, Z., Morte, A., Nagy, I., Normand, A.C., Paloi, S., Pattison, N., Pawłowska, J., Pereira, O.L., Petterson, M.E., Picillo, B., Raj, K.N.A., Roberts, A., Rodríguez, A., Rodríguez-Campo, F.J., Romański, M., Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, M., Scanu, B., Schena, L., Semelbauer, M., Sharma, R., Shouche, Y.S., Silva, V., Staniaszek-Kik, M., Stielow, J.B., Tapia, C., Taylor, P.W.J., Toome-Heller, M., Vabeikhokhei, J.M.C., van Diepeningen, A.D., Van Hoa N, M.V.T., Wiederhold, N.P., Wrzosek, M., Zothanzama, J. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2017) Fungal Planet description sheets: 558‒624. Persoonia 38: 240‒384. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158517X698941
  12. Cruz, R.H.S.F. & Baseia, I.G. (2014) Four new Cyathus species (Nidulariaceae, Basidiomycota, Fungi) from the semi-arid region of Brazil1. The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 141: 173‒180. https://doi.org/10.3159/TORREY-D-13-00067.1
  13. Cruz, R.H.S.F, Baseia, I.G. & Hosaka, K. (2018) Rediscovery of Cyathus badius, an “extinct” species from the Bonin Islands, Japan. Mycoscience 59: 193–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2017.07.004
  14. Cruz, R.H.S.F. (2017) Revisão morfológica e molecular do gênero Cyathus Haller (Nidulariaceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycota). Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal.
  15. Cruz, R.H.S.F., Dos Santos Góis, J., Marinho, P., Baseia, I.G. & Hosaka, K. (2023) Rearranging the Bird’s Nest Fungi: molecular review of internal clades in Cyathus (Nidulariaceae, Basidiomycota). IMA Fungus 14: 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-023-00111-y.
  16. Dai, Y.C., Yang, Z.L., Cui, B.K., Wu, G., Yuan, H.S., Zhou, L.W., He, S.H., Ge, Z.W., Wu, F., Wei, Y.L., Yuan, Y. & Si, J. (2021) Diversity and systematics of the important macrofungi in Chinese forests. Mycosystema 40: 770‒805. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.210036
  17. Das, K. & Zhao, R.L. (2012) Bird’s Nest fungi in India: a new record from Sikkim. Biodiversity and Taxonomy 61‒68.
  18. Das, K. & Zhao, R.L. (2013) Nidula shingbaensis sp. nov., a new Bird’s nest fungus from India. Mycotaxon 125: 53‒58. https://doi.org/10.5248/125.53
  19. Dorjey, K. Kumar, S. & Sharma, Y.P. (2013) Cyathus olla from the cold desert of Ladakh. Mycosphere 4: 256‒259. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/4/2/8
  20. Duan, Z.Y., Yu, J. & Zhao, C.L. (2022) Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal a new wood-rotting fungal species, Cyathus wenshanensis sp. nov. from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Studies in Fungi 7: 8. https://doi.org/10.48130/SIF-2022-0008
  21. Felsenstein, J. (1985) Confidence intervals on phylogenetics: an approach using bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783‒791. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x
  22. Fries, E.M. & Nordholm, J. (1817) Symbolae Gasteromycorum. Vol. 1. pp. 1–8.
  23. Gómez, C.L. & Pérez-Silva, E. (1988) Especies de Nidulariales (Gasteromycetes) comunes en México. Scientia Fungorum 161‒183.
  24. Guindon, S. & Gascuel, O. (2003) A simple, fast and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood. Systematic Biology 52: 696–704. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150390235520
  25. Haller, A.V. (1768) Historia stirpium indigenarum Helvetiae inchoate. Sumptibus Societatis Typographicae 3: 236.
  26. Harmaja, H. (2002) Amylolepiota, Clavicybe and Cystodermella, new genera of Agaricales. Karstenia 42: 39–48. https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.2002.386
  27. Hay, C.R.J., Thorn, R.G. & Jacobs, C.R. (2019) Taxonomic survey of Agaricomycetes (Fungi: Basidiomycota) in Ontario tallgrass prairies determined by fruiting body and soil rDNA sampling. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 132: 407. https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v132i4.2027
  28. Huang, R.X., Luo, K.Y. & Zhao, C.L. (2020) Phlebia nigrodontea sp. nov. in Meruliaceae (Polyporales) with a black hymenial surface. Phytotaxa 458: 195–206. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.458.3.2
  29. Kambly, P.E. & Lee, R.E. (1936) The Gasteromycetes of Iowa. University of Iowa Studies in Natural History 17: 121–185.
  30. Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1978) Methuen Handbook of Colour. 3rd ed. Eyre Methuen, London, UK.
  31. Kraisitudomsook, N. & Smith, M.E. (2021) Bird’s Nest Fungi: Charismatic Mushrooms in Your Garden. EDIS 2021 (1): 3. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-pp361-2020
  32. Kraisitudomsook, N., Choeyklin, R., Boonpratuang, T., Pobkwamsuk, M., Anaphon, S. & Smith, M.E. (2022) Hidden in the tropics: Retiperidiolia gen. nov., a new genus of bird’s nest fungi (Nidulariaceae), and a systematic study of the genus Mycocalia. Mycological Progress 21: 1‒12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-022-01807-y
  33. Kraisitudomsook, N., Healy, R.A. & Smith, M.E. (2021) Molecular systematics and taxonomic overview of the bird’s nest fungi (Nidulariaceae) Fungal Biology 125: 693–703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2021.04.003
  34. Larsson, A. (2014) AliView: a fast and lightweight alignment viewer and editor for large data sets. Bioinformatics 30: 3276–3278. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu531
  35. Lloyd, C.G. (1906) The Nidulariaceae or “Bird’s Nest Fungi”. Mycological Writings of CG Lloyd 2: 1–32.
  36. Lloyd, C.G. (1910) Mycological Notes 34. Mycological Writings 3: 445–460
  37. Ma, R.X., Shi, Z.J. & Zhao, C.L. (2020) A new species of Efibula (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from China. Phytotaxa 451: 238–244. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.451.3.7
  38. Martín, M.P., Cruz, R.H., Duenas, M., Baseia, I.G. & Telleria, M.T. (2015) Cyathus lignilantanae sp. nov., a new species of bird’s nest fungi (Basidiomycota) from Cape Verde Archipelago. Phytotaxa 236: 161‒172. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.236.2.5
  39. Martín, M.P., Cruz, R.H.S.F., Dueñas, M., Baseia, I.G. &Telleria, M.T. (2015) Cyathus lignolantana sp. nov., a new species of bird’s nest fungi (Basidiomycota) from Cape Verde. Phytotaxa 236: 161–172. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.236.2.5
  40. Matheny, P.B., Curtis, J.M., Hofstetter, V., Aime, M.C., Moncalvo, J.M., Ge, Z.W., Slot, J.C., Ammirati, J.F., Baroni, T.J., Bougher, N.L., Hughes, K.W., Lodge, D.J., Kerrigan, R.W., Seidl, M.T., Aanen, D.K., DeNitis, M., Daniele, G.M., Desjardin, D.E., Kropp, B.R., Norvell, L.L., Parker, A., Vellinga, E.C., Vilgalys, R. & Hibbett, D.S. (2006) Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview. Mycologia 98: 982‒995. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.98.6.982
  41. Miller, M.A., Holder, M.T., Vos, R., Midford, P.E., Liebowitz, T., Chan, L., Hoover, P. & Warnow, T. (2009) The CIPRES Portals. CIPRES. Available from: http://www.phylo.org/sub_sections/portal. [Archived by WebCite(r) at http://www.webcitation.org/5imQlJeQa] (accessed 4 Aug. 2009)
  42. Miller, O.K.J. & Miller, H.H. (1988) Gasteromycetes: morphological and development features with keys to the orders, families, and genera. Mad River Press, Inc, Eureka, CA.
  43. Niranjan, M. & Singh, R.K. (2021) Cyathus striatus: a new record from Arunachal Pradesh and a checklist of Bird’s nest fungi in India. Studies in Fungi 6: 168‒174. https://doi.org/10.5943/sif/6/1/10
  44. Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program Distributed by the Author; Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University: Uppsala, Sweden.
  45. Olariaga, I., Ballester, L., Fernandes, U., López-Amiano, J.I., Magaña, V., Martínez-Gil, R., Martín, J., Pancorbo, F., Pérez-Daniëls, P., Pérez-del-Amo, C., Rodríguez-Andrade, E., Rodríguez-Arribas, C., Sánchez-Dueñas, G., Terés, J., Torres, D. & Traba, J.M. (2020) II Encuentro de la Sociedad Ibérica de Micología (Cerler, 26-30 de septiembre de 2018): hallazgo de 103 especies nuevas para Aragón, 15 para la Península Ibérica y 11 especies nuevas para la ciencia. Fungi Iberici 1: 7–80. https://doi.org/10.51436/funiber/01.001
  46. Palmer, J.T. (1961) Observations on Gasteromycetes. IX. The conservation of Nidularia Fr. and the separation of Mycocalia JT Palmer, gen. nov. Taxon 10: 54–60. https://doi.org/10.2307/1217453
  47. Pars, P. & Cvm, T.A. (1801) Sistens envmerationem omnivm hvc vsque detectarvm speciervm, cvm brevibvs descriptionibvs nec non synonymis et observationibvs selectis. Gottingae : Apvd Henricvm Dieterich 1: 1–270.
  48. Persoon, C.H. (1801) Synopsis methodica fungorum. Gottingae, 706 pp.
  49. Posada, D. (2008) jModelTest: Phylogenetic model averaging. Molecular Biology and Evolution 25: 1253–1256. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msn083
  50. Ren, W. & Zhou, T.X. (1992) New species and new variety of the genus Cyathus from China. Acta Mycologica Sinica 11: 23–27.
  51. Richter, C., Helaly, S.E., Thongbai, B., Hyde, K.D. & Stadler, M. (2016) Pyristriatins A and B: Pyridino-Cyathane Antibiotics from the Basidiomycete Cyathus cf. striatus. Journal of Natural Products 79: 1684–1688. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00194
  52. Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeckm, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
  53. Saccardo, P.A. (1888) Sylloge Fungorum. Vol. 7. pp. 1–882.
  54. Sharma, B. (2016) Genus Cyathus Haller ex Pers. (Agaricomycetes) from Eastern Himalaya. Kavaka 47: 20–26.
  55. Shinners-Carnelley, T.C., Szpacenko, A., Tewari, J.P. & Palcic, M.M. (2002) Enzymatic activity of Cyathus olla during solid state fermentation of canola roots. Phytoprotection 83: 31‒40. https://doi.org/10.7202/706227ar
  56. Silva, M.A., Barbosa, M.M., Baseia, I.G. & Malosso, E. (2016) Novelties in Cyathus Basidiomycota: new species and a phylogenetic analysis. Nova Hedwig 103: 57–69. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2016/0332
  57. Sutthisa, W. & Sanoamuan, N. (2020) Morphological and DNA-based classification of Cyathus sp. isolates from Thailand (Basidiomycota, Nidulariaceae) Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 14: 1769–1777. https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.14.3.15
  58. Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP*: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods) Version 4.0b10. Sinauer Associates: Massachusetts, MA, USA.
  59. Tulasne, L.R. & Tulasne, C. (1844) Recherches sur l’organisation et le mode de fructification des champignons de la tribu des Nidulariées, suivies d’un essai monographique. Annales des Sciences Naturelles 1: 41–107.
  60. Vats, A. & Mishra, S. (2021) An insight into transcriptome of Cyathus bulleri for lignocellulase expression on wheat bran. Archives of Microbiology 203: 3727–3736. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02326-2
  61. Vu, D., Groenewald, M., de Vries, M., Gehrmann, T., Stielow, B., Eberhardt, U., Al-Hatmi, A.M., Groenewald, J., Cardinali, G., Houbraken, J., Boekhout, T., Crous, P.W., Robert, V. & Verkley, G.J.M. (2019) Large-scale generation and analysis of filamentous fungal DNA barcodes boosts coverage for kingdom fungi and reveals thresholds for fungal species and higher taxon delimitation. Studies in Mycology 92: 135–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.05.00
  62. Wang, H., He, X. & Zhao, C.L. (2020) Scytinostroma yunnanense sp. nov. (Russulales, Basidiomycota) evidenced by morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses in China. Phytotaxa 451: 145–153. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.451.2.4
  63. White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR protocols: A guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
  64. White, V.S. (1902) The Nidulariaceae of North America. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 29: 251–280. https://doi.org/10.2307/2478721
  65. Wicklow, D.T., Langie, R.C., Crabtree, S. & Detroy, R.W. (1984) Degradation of lignocellulose in wheat straw versus hardwood by Cyathus and related species (Nidulariaceae). Canadian Journal of Microbiology 30: 632‒636. https://doi.org/10.1139/m84-093
  66. Willdenow, C.L. (1787) Florae Berolinensis Prodromus, secundum systema Linneanum ab illustr. viro ac eq. C. P. Thunbergio emendatum conscriptus. Berolini, 439 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6727
  67. Wu, F., Yuan, H.S., Zhou, L.W., Yuan, Y., Cui, B.K. & Dai, Y.C. (2020) Polypore diversity in South China. Mycosystema 39: 653‒682.
  68. Wu, F., Zhou, L.W., Vlasák, J. & Dai, Y.C. (2022) Global diversity and systematics of Hymenochaetaceae with poroid hymenophore. Fungal Diversity 113: 1–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00496-4
  69. Xu, T.M., Chen, Y.H. & Zhao, C.L. (2019) Trechispora yunnanensis sp. nov. (Hydnodontaceae, Basidiomycota) from China. Phytotaxa 424: 253–261. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.424.4.5
  70. Yang, Y., Li, R., Liu, C.M. & Zhao, C.L. (2023) Morphological and molecular identification for two new species of wood-inhabiting macrofungi (Basidiomycota) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China. Phytotaxa 591: 001–018. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.591.1.1
  71. Yuan, Q., Luo, K.Y., Zhang, Y. & Zhao, C.L. (2023) Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses revealed three new wood-inhabiting fungi (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) in Southern China. Phytotaxa 592: 179–195. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.592.3.1
  72. Zhao, C.L. & Wu, Z.Q. (2017) Ceriporiopsis kunmingensis sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis. Mycological Progress 16: 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-016-1259-8.
  73. Zhao, C.L., Qu, M.H., Huang, R.X. & Karunarathna, S.C. (2023) Multi-Gene Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Wood-Rotting Fungal Genus Phlebia sensu lato (Polyporales, Basidiomycota). Journal of Fungi 9: 320. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9030320
  74. Zhao, R.L., Desjardin, D.E., Soytong, K. & Hyde, K.D. (2006) Proposed synonyms in Cyathus. Mycotaxon 97: 327‒336.
  75. Zhao, R.L., Desjardin, D.E., Soytong, K. & Hyde, K.D. (2008) A new species of bird’s nest fungi: characterisation of Cyathus subglobisporus sp. nov. based on morphological and molecular data. Persoonia 21: 71‒76. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158508X370578
  76. Zhao, R.L., Jeewon, R., Desjardin, D.E., Soytong, K. & Hyde, K.D. (2007) Ribosomal DNA phylogenies of Cyathus: is the current infrageneric classification appropriate? Mycologia 99: 385–395. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.99.3.385
  77. Zhou, T.X. (2007) Chinese mycology Vol. 36: Geastraceae and Nidulariaceae. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 73‒163.
  78. Zhou, T.X., Zhao, L.Z., Zhao, R.L. & Chen, Y.H. (2004) Bird’s nest fungi from china. Fungal Diversity 17: 243‒251.