Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2023-07-18
Page range: 95-149
Abstract views: 480
PDF downloaded: 290

Seven new species of Trichostema (Lamiaceae: Ajugoideae) from the North American Coastal Plain biodiversity hotspot

Department of Biology, Elon University, Elon, NC
UNC-CH Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, and Department of Biology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
UNC-CH Herbarium (NCU), North Carolina Botanical Garden, and Department of Biology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
BEAST Florida General lineage concept Taxonomy Eudicots

Abstract

Trichostema section Trichostema occurs in the North American Coastal Plain biodiversity hotspot. Much of the previously noted morphological diversity in this section has so far gone unstudied. A combination of extensive field studies, principal components analyses and statistical tests on morphological data, common garden experiments, nextRAD sequencing, and Bayesian phylogenetic techniques was used to discover and describe taxonomic entities. The Bayesian phylogeny resolved strongly supported clades that mirrored the morphological, ecological, and geographic findings. Given the preponderance of the data, seven new taxa are described herein at species level.

References

  1. Bentham, G. (1830) Dicerandra. In: Lindley, J. (Ed.) Edward’s Botanical Register. Vol. 15. Ridgeway, London, sub plate 1300, post number 108.
    Bentham, G. (1835) Labiatarum genera et species. Fasc. 7. Ridgeway & Sons, London, pp. 645–783.
    Bouckaert, R. & Drummond, A. (2017) bModelTest: Bayesian phylogenetic site model averaging and model comparison. BMC Evolutionary Biology 17: 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-0890-6
    Bouckaert, R., Vaughan, T.G., Barido-Sottani, J., Duchêne, S., Fourment, M., Gavryushkina, A., Heled, J., Jones, G., Kühnert, D., De Maio, N., Matschiner, M., Mendes, F.K., Müller, N.F., Ogilvie, H.A., du Plessis, L., Popinga, A., Rambaut, A., Rasmussen, D., Siveroni, I., Suchard, M.A., Wu, C.H., Xie, D., Zhang, C., Stadler, T. & Drummond, A.J. (2019) BEAST 2.5: an advanced software platform for Bayesian evolutionary analysis. PLoS Computational Biology 15 (4): e1006650. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006650
    Casella, F., Vurro, M., Valerio, F., Perrino, E.V., Mezzapesa, G.N. & Boari, A. (2023) Phytotoxic Effects of Essential Oils from Six Lamiaceae Species. Agronomy 13: 257. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010257
    Christman, S.P. & Judd, W.S. (1990) Notes on plants endemic to Florida Scrub. Florida Scientist 53 (1): 52–73.
    de Quieroz, K. (1998) The general lineage concept of species, species criteria, and the process of speciation: a conceptual unification and terminological recommendations. In: Howard, D.J. & Berlocher, S.H. (Eds.) Endless Forms: Species and Speciation. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 57–75.
    Deyrup, M. (1989) Arthropods endemic to the Florida scrub. Florida Scientist 52 (4): 254–270.
    Dinno, A. (2017) dunn.test: Dunn’s Test of Multiple Comparisons Using Rank Sums (1.3.5) [Computer software].
    Edwards, C.E., Soltis, D.E. & Soltis, P.S. (2006) Molecular phylogeny of Conradina and other scrub mints (Lamiaceae) from the southeastern USA: evidence for hybridization in Pleistocene refugia? Systematic Botany 31 (1): 193–207. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364406775971688
    Florida Natural Areas Inventory (2010) Guide to the Natural Communities of Florida. Florida Natural Areas Inventory, Institute of Science and Public Affairs, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida. Available from: https://www.fnai.org/species-communities/natcom-guide (accessed 9 November 2022).
    Gray, A. (1870) Appendix: December, 1870. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 8: 294–296.
    Huang, M., Crawford, D.J., Freudenstein, J.V. & Cantino, P.D. (2008) Systematics of Trichostema (Lamiaceae): evidence from ITS, ndhF, and morphology. Systematic Botany 33 (2): 437–446. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364408784571554
    Huck, R.B., Judd, W.S., Whitten, M., Skean, J.D., Wunderlin, R.P. & Delaney, K.R. (1989) A new Dicerandra (Labiatae) from the Lake Wales Ridge of Florida, with a cladistic analysis and discussion of endemism. Systematic Botany 14 (2): 197–213. https://doi.org/10.2307/2418906
    Kassambara, A. & Mundt, F. (2020) factoextra: Extract and Visualize the Results of Multivariate Data Analyses (1.0.7) [Computer software].
    Kearney, T.H. (1894) Some new Florida plants. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 21 (11): 482–487. https://doi.org/10.2307/2478323
    Lewis, H. (1945) A revision of the genus Trichostema. Brittonia 5 (3): 276–303. https://doi.org/10.2307/2804884
    Lewis, H. (1960) Chromosome numbers and phylogeny in Trichostema. Brittonia 12 (2): 93–97. https://doi.org/10.2307/2805208
    Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Vol. 2. Salvius, Stockholm, 640 pp.
    McClelland, R.K.S. & Weakley, A.S. (2019) A new species of Trichostema (Lamiaceae, Ajugoideae) from barrier island systems of North and South Carolina. In: Weakley, A.S., McClelland, R.K.S., LeBlond, R.J., Bradley, K.A., Matthews, J.F., Anderson, C., Franck, A.R. & Lange, J. Studies in the Vascular Flora of the Southeastern United States: V. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 13 (1): 108–117. https://doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v13.i1.832
    McClelland, R.K.S. (2022) Studies in the genus Trichostema Gronov. [Doctoral Dissertation] University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 356 pp.
    McCormick, K.D., Deyrup, M.A., Menges, E.S., Wallace, S.R., Meinwald, J. & Eisner, T. (1993) Relevance of chemistry to conservation of isolated populations: the case of volatile leaf components of Dicerandra mints. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Washington, DC 90 (16): 7701–7705. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.16.7701
    Michaux, A. (1803) Flora Boreali-Americana. Vol. 2. Levrault Brothers, Paris, 341 pp.
    Microsoft (2016) Microsoft Excel (16.0.15128.20178) [Computer software].
    NatureServe (2020) NatureServe Conservation Status Assessments: Rank Calculator (3.2) [Computer software].
    Noss, R.F., Platt, W.J., Sorrie, B.A., Weakley, A.S., Means, D.B., Costanza, J. & Peet, R.K. (2015) How global biodiversity hotspots may go unrecognized: lessons from the North American Coastal Plain. Diversity and Distributions 21 (2): 236–244. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12278
    Oliviera, L.O., Huck, R.B., Gitzendanner, M.A., Judd, W.S., Soltis, D.E. & Soltis, P.S. (2007) Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and systematics of Dicerandra (Lamiaceae), a genus endemic to the southeastern United States. American Journal of Botany 94 (6): 1017–1027. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.94.6.1017
    Ozkan, K. and Suel, H. (2008) Endemic plant species in a karstic canyon [Mediterranean Region, Turkey]: relation to relief and vegetation diversity. Polish Journal of Ecology 4 (56): 709–715.
    Perrino, E.V., Signorile, G. & Marvulli, M. (2013) A first checklist of the vascular flora of the Polignano a Mare coast (Apulia, southern Italy). Natura Croatica 22 (2): 295–318.
    Perrino, E.V., Tomaselli, V., Wagensommer, R.P., Silletti, G.N., Esposito, A. & Stinca, A. (2022) Ophioglossum lusitanicum L.: New Records of Plant Community and 92/43/EEC Habitat in Italy. Agronomy 12: 3188. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123188
    Poindexter, D.B. (2019) Comprehensive systematic approaches to understanding species diversity: a case study utilizing a non-model group of sedges, Carex sect. Acrocystis (Cyperaceae) [Doctoral dissertation]. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 346 pp.
    Rambaut, A. (2016) FigTree (1.4.3) [Computer software].
    RStudio Team (2022) RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R (2022.02.3) [Computer software].
    Russello, M.A., Waterhouse, M.D., Etter, P.D. & Johnson, E.A. (2015) From promise to practice: pairing non-invasive sampling with genomics in conservation. PeerJ 3: e1106. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1106
    R Core Team (2021) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. (4.1.2) [Computer software].
    Schuster, T.M., Reveal, J.L. & Kron, K.A. (2011) Phylogeny of Polygoneae (Polygonaceae: Polygonoideae). Taxon 60 (6): 1653–1666. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.606010
    Soltis, D.E., Morris, A.B., McLachlan, J.S., Manos, P.S. & Soltis, P.S. (2006) Comparative phylogeography of unglaciated eastern North America. Molecular Ecology 15 (14): 4261–4293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03061.x
    Sorrie, B.A. & Weakley, A.S. (2001) Coastal plain vascular plant endemics: phytogeographic patterns. Castanea 66 (2): 50–82.
    Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.H., Li, D.Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
    Weakley, A.S. (2005) Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia: Working Draft of June 10, 2005. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Available from https://ncbg.unc.edu/research/unc-herbarium/floras/ (accessed 9 November 2022).
    Weakley, A.S., Lee, M., Ward, S., Ludwig, J.C., Sorrie, B., Poindexter, D., LeBlond, R., Kees, J., McCormick, C.A., Oberreiter, S., Ungberg, E., Lance, R., Ballard, H., Carter, R., Pyne, M., Knapp, W., Bradley, K., Zona, S., Barger, W., Musselman, L., Schafran, P., Spaulding, D., Nelson, J., Keith, E., Fleming, G., Estes, D., Majure, L., Medford, H., Bridges, E., Folk, R., Murrell, Z., Peet, R., Townsend, J., Nesom, G., Floden, A., Horn, J., Schilling, E., Triplett, J., Murphy, T., Irick, Z., McClelland, R.K.S., Alford, M., Brock, M., et al. (2023) Flora of the Southeastern United States, 2023 ed. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Available from: https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/index.php (accessed 29 June 2023).
    Wheeler, R.J. & Pepe, J. (2002) The Jobé and Jeaga of the Palm Beach County area. The Florida Anthropologist 55 (3–4): 221–241.
    Wickham, H. (2016) ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis (3.3.5) [Computer software]. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24277-4
    Wulff, A.S., Hollingsworth, P.M., Ahrends, A., Jaffré, T., Veillon, J.M., L’Huillier, L. & Fogliani, B. (2013) Conservation priorities in a biodiversity hotspot: analysis of narrow endemic plant species in New Caledonia. PLoS one 8 (9): e73371. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073371