Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 620 No. 3: 17 Oct. 2023
Type: Article
Published: 2023-10-17
DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.620.3.1
Page range: 201-215
Abstract views: 152
PDF downloaded: 13

Additions to Peroneutypa (Diatrypaceae, Xylariales): Introducing P. nayariophyti sp. nov. and new host associations of P. scoparia from northern Thailand

Department of Biology; Faculty of Sciences; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200; Thailand. Center of Excellence in Fungal Research; Mae Fah Luang University; Chiang Rai 57100; Thailand.
Center of Excellence in Fungal Research; Mae Fah Luang University; Chiang Rai 57100; Thailand.
Department of Biology; Faculty of Sciences; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200; Thailand. Excellence Center in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization; Faculty of Science; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200; Thailand.
Center of Excellence in Fungal Research; Mae Fah Luang University; Chiang Rai 57100; Thailand. School of Science; Mae Fah Luang University; Chiang Rai 57100; Thailand.
Department of Biology; Faculty of Sciences; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200; Thailand. Excellence Center in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization; Faculty of Science; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200; Thailand. Academy of Science; The Royal Society of Thailand; Bangkok 10300; Thailand.
Fungi new species Ascomycetes fungal taxonomy new records Sordariomycetes

Abstract

Fungi are essential to forest functioning and biodiversity. This research elaborates on the study of the morphology and phylogeny of Peroneutypa species in Thailand. We introduce Peroneutypa nayariophyti as a novel saprobic species from the dead wood of Nayariophyton zizyphifolium (Malvaceae) and a new record of P. scoparia with three new host associations on Dalbergia cana, Afzelia zylocarpa (Fabaceae), and Microcos paniculata (Malvaceae) in Doi Tung National Park, Chiang Rai, Thailand. The morphology of the two taxa was compared with related taxa based on features such as ascomasta, peridium, asci, and ascospores. Their position in Peroneutypa is also supported by the phylogeny of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the β-tubulin (tub2) dataset.

 

References

  1. Abbott, D. & Crossley Jr, D. (1982) Woody litter decomposition following clear‐cutting. Ecology 63 (1): 35–42. https://doi.org/10.2307/1937028
  2. Acero, F.J., Gonzalez, V., Sanchez-Ballesteros, J., Rubio, V., Checa, J., Bills, G.F., Salazar, O., Platas, G. & Pelaez, F. (2004) Molecular phylogenetic studies on the Diatrypaceae based on rDNA-ITS sequences. Mycologia 96 (2): 249–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2005.11832975
  3. Berlese, A.N. (1902) Icones Fungorum Omnium Hucusque Cognitorum. Vol. 3. Abellini, Sumptibus auctoris, Typis Eduardi Pergola, pp. 80–82.
  4. Bhunjun, C.S., Dong, Y., Jayawardena, R.S., Jeewon, R., Phukhamsakda, C., Bundhun, D., Hyde, K.D. & Sheng, J. (2020) A polyphasic approach to delineate species in Bipolaris. Fungal Diversity 102: 225–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00446-6
  5. Bhunjun, C.S., Phukhamsakda, C., Jayawardena, R.S., Jeewon, R., Promputtha, I. & Hyde, K.D. (2021) Investigating species boundaries in Colletotrichum. Fungal Diversity 107: 107–127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00446-6
  6. Bhunjun, C.S., Niskanen, T., Suwannarach, N., Wannathes, N., Chen, Y.J., McKenzie, E.H., Maharachchikumbura, S.S., Buyck, B., Zhao, C.L., Fan, Y.G. & Zhang, J.Y. (2022) The numbers of fungi: are the most speciose genera truly diverse?. Fungal Diversity 114 (1): 387–462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-022-00501-4
  7. Bhunjun, C.S., Phukhamsakda, C., Hyde, K., McKenzie, E.H., Saxena, R.K. & Li, Q. (2023) Do all fungi have ancestors with endophytic lifestyles? Fungal Diversity 16: 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-023-00516-5
  8. Bolton, N.W. & D’Amato, A.W. (2011) Regeneration responses to gap size and coarse woody debris within natural disturbance-based silvicultural systems in northeastern Minnesota, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 262 (7): 1215–1222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-023-00516-5
  9. Bucher, V.V.C., Hyde, K.D., Pointing, S.B. & Reddy, C.A. (2004) Production of wood decay enzymes, mass loss and lignin solubilisation in wood by marine ascomycetes and their anamorphs. Fungal Diversity 15: 1–14.
  10. Carter, M.V. (1982) Additional hosts of Eutypa armeniacae in Australia. Australasian Plant Pathology 11: 46–48. https://doi.org/10.1071/APP9820046
  11. Capella-Gutierrez, S., Silla-Martinez, J.M. & Gabaldon, T. (2009) trimAl: a tool for automated alignment trimming in large-scale phylogenetic analyses. Bioinformatics 25: 1972–1973. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp348
  12. Carmarán, C.C., Romero, A.I. & Giussani, L.M. (2006) An approach towards a new phylogenetic classification in Diatrypaceae. Fungal Diversity 23: 67–87.
  13. Carmarán, C.C., Robles, C.A., D’Jonsiles, M.F., Ceriani, E., Español, E., Lopez, S. & Novas, M.V. (2014) Clave para la identificación de especies de la familia Peroneutypa (Xylariales, Ascomycota). Lilloa-Fundación Miguel Lillo (Tucumán-Argentina) 51 (1): 20–32.
  14. Chethana, K.W.T., Manawasinghe, I.S., Hurdeal, V.G., Bhunjun, C.S. Appadoo, M.A., Gentekaki, E., Raspé, O., Promputtha, I. & Hyde, K.D. (2021) What are fungal species and how to delineate them?. Fungal Diversity 109 (1): 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00483-9
  15. Dai, D.Q., Jiang, H.B., Tang, L.Z. & Bhat, D.J (2016) Two new species of Arthrinium (Apiosporaceae, Xylariales) associated with bamboo from Yunnan, China. Mycosphere 7: 1332–1345. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/7/9/7
  16. Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. (2012) jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature Methods 9: 772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109
  17. Dayarathne, M.C., Jones, E.B.G., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Devadatha, B. Sarma, V.V., Khongphinitbunjong, K., Chomnunti, P. & Hyde, K.D. (2020) Morpho-molecular characterisation of microfungi associated with marine based habitats. Mycosphere 11: 1−188. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/1
  18. de Almeida, D.A.C., Gusmão, L.F.P. & Miller, A.N. (2016) Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of Diatrypaceae (Ascomycota, Xylariales) species from the Brazilian semi-arid region, including four new species. Mycological Progress 15: 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-016-1194-8
  19. de Silva, N., Hyde, K.D., Lumyong, S., Phillips, A.J., Bhat, D.J., Maharachchikumbura, S.S., Thambugala, K.M., Tennakoon, D.S., Suwannarach, N. & Karunarathna, S.C. (2022) Morphology, phylogeny, host association and geography of fungi associated with plants of Annonaceae, Apocynaceae and Magnoliaceae. Mycosphere 13 (1): 955−1076. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/12
  20. Dissanayake, A.J., Bhunjun, C.S., Maharachchikumbura, S.S. & Liu, J.K. (2020) Applied aspects of methods to infer phylogenetic relationships amongst fungi. Mycosphere 11 (1): 2652–2676. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/18
  21. Du, T.Y., Karunarathna, S.C., Zhang, X., Dai, D.Q., Gao, Y., Mapook, A. & Tibpromma, S. (2022) Morphology and multigene phylogeny revealed Peroneutypa aquilariae sp. nov. (Diatrypaceae, Xylariales) from Aquilaria sinensis in Yunnan Province, China. Studies in Fungi 7 (1): 1−11. https://doi.org/10.48130/SIF-2022-0018
  22. Feng, B. & Yang, Z. (2018) Studies on diversity of higher fungi in Yunnan, southwestern China: A review. Plant Diversity 40 (4): 165−71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2018.07.001
  23. Francis, S.M. (1975) Anthostomella Sacc. (Part I). Mycological Papers 139: 1–97.
  24. Glass, N.L. & Donaldson, G.C. (1995) Development of primer set designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61: 1323–1330. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.4.1323-1330.1995
  25. Grassi, E.M., Pildain, M.B., Levin, L.N. & Carmaran, C.C. (2014) Studies in Peroneutypa: the new species Eutypa microasca and investigation of ligninolytic enzyme production. Sydowia 66: 99–114.
  26. Huson, D.H. & Bryant, D. (2006) Application of phylogenetic networks in evolutionary studies. Molecular Biology and Evolution 23: 254–267. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msj030
  27. Hyde, K.D., Abd-Elsalam, K. & Cai, L. (2010) Morphology: still essential in a molecular world. Mycotaxon 114: 439–451. https://doi.org/10.5248/114.439
  28. Hyde, K.D., Norphanphoun, C., Chen, J., Dissanayake, A.J. Doilom, M., Hongsanan, S., Jayawardena, R.S., Jeewon, R., Perera, R.H., Thongbai, B. & Wanasinghe, D.N. (2018) Thailand’s amazing diversity: up to 96% of fungi in northern Thailand may be novel. Fungal Diversity 93: 215–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0415-7
  29. Hyde, K.D., Jeewon, R., Chen, Y.J., Bhunjun, C.S., Calabon, M.S., Jiang, H.B., Lin, C.G., Norphanphoun, C., Sysouphanthong, P., Pem, D. & Tibpromma, S. (2020a) The numbers of fungi: is the descriptive curve flattening?. Fungal Diversity 103: 219–271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00458-2
  30. Hyde, K.D., Norphanphoun, C., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Bhat, D.J., Jones, E.B.G., Bundhun, D., Chen, Y.J., Bao, D.F., Boonmee, S., Calabon, M.S., Chaiwan, N., Chethana, K.W.T., Dai, D.Q., Dayarathne, M.C., Devadatha, B., Dissanayake, A.J., Dissanayake, L.S., Doilom, M., Dong, W., Fan, X.L., Goonasekara, I.D., Hongsanan, S., Huang, S.K., Jayawardena, R.S., Jeewon, R., Karunarathna, A., Konta, S., Kumar, V., Lin, C.G., Liu, J.K., Liu, N.G., Luangsa-ard, J., Lumyong, S., Luo, Z.L., Marasinghe, D.S., McKenzie, E.H.C., Niego, A.G.T., Niranjan, M., Perera, R.H., Phukhamsakda, C., Rathnayaka, A.R., Samarakoon, M.C., Samarakoon, S.M.B.C., Sarma, V.V., Senanayake, I.C., Shang, Q.J., Stadler, M., Tibpromma, S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wei, D.P., Wijayawardene, N.N., Xiao, Y.P., Yang, J., Zeng, X.Y., Zhang, S.N. & Xiang, M.M. (2020) Refined families of Sordariomycetes. Mycosphere 11: 305–1059. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/7
  31. Index Fungorum (2023) Available from: http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/Names.asp (accessed 16 Oct. 2023).
  32. Jayasiri, S.C., Hyde, K.D., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bhat, J., Buyck, B., Cai, L., Dai, Y.C., Abd-Elsalam, K.A., Ertz, D., Hidayat, I., Jeewon, R., Jones, E.B.G., Bahkali, A.H., Karunarathna, S.C., Liu, J.K., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Lumbsch, H.T., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., McKenzie, E.H.C., Moncalvo, J.M., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Nilsson, H., Pang, K.A., Pereira, O.L., Phillips, A.J.L., Raspé, O., Rollins, A.W., Romero, A.I., Etayo, J., Selçuk, F., Stephenson, S.L., Suetrong, S., Taylor, J.E., Tsui, C.K.M., Vizzini, A., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Wen, T.C., Boonmee, S., Dai, D.Q., Daranagama, D.A., Dissanayake, A.J., Ekanayaka, A.H., Fryar, S.C., Hongsanan, S., Jayawardena, R.S., Li, W.J., Perera, R.H., Phookamsak, R., de Silva, N.I., Thambugala, K.M., Tian, Q., Wijayawardene, N.N., Zhao, R.L., Zhao, Q., Kang, J.C. & Promputtha, I. (2015) The Faces of Fungi database: fungal names linked with morphology, phylogeny and human impacts. Fungal Diversity 74: 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0351-8
  33. Katoh, K., Rozewicki, J. & Yamada, K.D. (2019) MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualisation. Briefings in Bioinformatics 20: 1160–1166. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108
  34. Khamyong, S., Sumanochitraporn, S. & Anongrak, N. (2014) Role of a Pine (Pinus kesiya) Plantation on Water Storage in the Doi Tung Reforestation Royal Project, Chiang Rai Province, Northern Thailand. Thai Journal of Forestry 33 (3): 75−87.
  35. Larget, B. & Simon, D.L. (1999) Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for the Bayesian analysis of phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 16: 750–759. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026160
  36. Li, Q.R., Long, S.H., Lin, Y., Wu, Y.P., Wu, Q.Z., Hu, H.M., Shen, X.C., Zhang, X., Wijayawardene, N.N., Kang, J.C. & Kumla, J. (2023) Diversity, morphology, and molecular phylogeny of Diatrypaceae from southern China. Frontiers in Microbiology 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1140190
  37. Maharachchikumbura, S.S., Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.B.G., McKenzie, E.H., Bhat, J.D., Dayarathne, M.C., Huang, S.K., Norphanphoun, C., Senanayake, I.C., Perera, R.H. & Shang, Q.J. (2016) Families of Sordariomycetes. Fungal Diversity 79: 1–317.
  38. Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Chen, Y., Ariyawansa, H.A., Hyde, K.D. Haelewaters, D., Perera, R.H., Samarakoon, M.C., Wanasinghe, D.N., Bustamante, D.E., Liu, J.K. & Lawrence, D.P. (2021) Integrative approaches for species delimitation in Ascomycota. Fungal Diversity 109 (1): 155–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00486-6
  39. Maxwell, J.F. (2007) Vegetation of Doi Tung, Chiang Rai Province, Northern. Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology 1 (1): 10–63.
  40. Maxwell, J.F. (2014) n.k. Journal of science and technology 14: 54–65.
  41. Mehrabi, M., Asgari, B. & Hemmati, R. (2019) Two new species of Eutypella and a new combination in the genus Peroneutypa (Diatrypaceae). Mycological Progress 18: 1057−1069. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-019-01503-4
  42. Mehrabi, M., Hemmati, R., Vasilyeva, L.N. & Trouillas, F.P. (2015) A new species and a new record of Diatrypaceae from Iran. Mycosphere 6: 60–68. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/6/1/7
  43. Mehrabi, M., Hemmati, R., Vasilyeva, L.N. & Trouillas, F.P. (2016) Diatrypella macrospora sp. nov. and new records of diatrypaceous fungi from Iran. Phytotaxa 252: 43–55. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.252.1.4
  44. Miller, M.A., Schwartz, T., Pickett, B.E., He, S., Klem, E.B., Scheuermann, R.H., Passarotti, M., Kaufman, S. & O’Leary, M.A. (2015) A RESTful API for access to phylogenetic tools via the CIPRES science gateway. Evolutionary Bioinformatics 11: 43–48. https://doi.org/10.4137/EBO.S21501
  45. Money, N.P. (2016) Fungal diversity. In: Watkinson, S.C., Boddy, L. & Money, N.P. (Eds.) The fungi. Academic Press. pp. 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-382034-1.00001-3
  46. Nitschke, T.R.J. (1869) Grundlage eines systems der Pyrenomyceten. Verhandlungen Des Naturhistorischen Vereins Der Preussischen Rheinlande, Westfalens Und Des Regierungsbezirks Osnabruck 26: 70−77.
  47. Nishimaki, T. & Sato, K. (2019) An extension of the Kimura two-parameter model to the natural evolutionary process. Journal of Molecular Evolution 87: 60–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-018-9885-1
  48. Pan, X.Y., Song, Z.K., Qu, Z., Liu, T.D. & Ma, H.X. (2022) Three new Xylaria species (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) on fallen leaves from Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. MycoKeys 86: 47–63. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.86.71623
  49. Peršoh, D., Melcher, M., Graf, K., Fournier, J., Stadler, M. & Rambold, G. (2009) Molecular and morphological evidence for the delimitation of Xylaria hypoxylon. Mycologia 101: 256−68. https://doi.org/10.3852/08-108
  50. Pildain, M.B, Novas, M.V. & Carmarán, C.C. (2005) Evaluation of anamorphic state, wood decay and production of lignin-modifying enzymes for diatrypaceous fungi from Argentina. Journal of Agricultural Technology 1 (1): 81–96.
  51. Phookamsak, R., Hyde, K.D., Jeewon, R., Bhat, D.J., Jones, E.B.G., Maharachchikumbura, S.S., Raspé, O., Karunarathna, S.C., Wanasinghe, D.N., Hongsanan, S. & Doilom, M. (2019) Fungal diversity notes 929–1035: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungi. Fungal Diversity 95: 1−273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00421-w
  52. Phukhamsakda, C., McKenzie, E.H., Phillips, A.J., Gareth Jones, E.B.G., Jayarama, B.D, Stadler, M., Bhunjun, C.S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Thongbai, B., Camporesi, E. & Ertz, D. (2020) Microfungi associated with Clematis (Ranunculaceae) with an integrated approach to delimiting species boundaries. Fungal diversity 102: 1–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00448-4
  53. Phukhamsakda, C., Nilsson, R.H., Bhunjun, C.S., de Farias, A.R., Sun, Y.R., Wijesinghe, S.N., Raza, M., Bao, D.F., Lu, L., Tibpromma, S. & Dong, W. (2022) The numbers of fungi: Contributions from traditional taxonomic studies and challenges of metabarcoding. Fungal Diversity 114 (1): 327–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-022-00502-3
  54. Rambaut, A. (2012) FigTree, version 1.4.2. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh.
  55. Rappaz, F. (1987) Taxonomie et nomenclature des Diatrypacées a asques octosporees. Mycologia Helvetica 2: 285–648.
  56. Samarakoon, M.C., Hyde, K.D., Maharachchikumbura, S.S., Stadler, M., Gareth Jones, E.B.G., Promputtha, I., Suwannarach, N., Camporesi, E., Bulgakov, T.S. & Liu, J.K. (2022) Taxonomy, phylogeny, molecular dating and ancestral state reconstruction of Xylariomycetidae (Sordariomycetes). Fungal Diversity 112 (1): 1–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00495-5
  57. Sayers, E.W., Cavanaugh, M., Clark, K., Ostell, J., Pruitt, K.D. & Karsch-Mizrachi, I. (2019) GenBank. Nucleic acids research 47 (D1): D94–D99. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky989
  58. Schmit, J.P. & Mueller, G.M. (2007) An estimate of the lower limit of global fungal diversity. Biodiversity and Conservation 16 (1): 99–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-006-9129-3
  59. Senanayake, I.C., Rathnayaka, A.R., Marasinghe, D.S., Calabon, M.S., Gentekaki, E., Lee, H.B., Hurdeal, V.G., Pem, D., Dissanayake, L.S., Wijesinghe, S.N. & Bundhun, D. (2020) Morphological approaches in studying fungi: Collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation. Mycosphere 11 (1): 2678–2754. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/20
  60. Senwanna, C., Phookamsak, R., Doilom, M., Hyde, K.D. & Cheewangkoon, R (2017) Novel taxa of Diatrypaceae from Para rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) in northern Thailand; introducing a novel genus Allocryptovalsa. Mycosphere 8 (10): 1835–1855. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/8/10/9
  61. Shang, Q.J., Hyde, K.D., Jeewon, R., Khan, S., Promputtha, I. & Phookamsak, R. (2018) Morpho-molecular characterisation of Peroneutypa (Diatrypaceae, Xylariales) with two novel species from Thailand. Phytotaxa 356 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.356.1.1
  62. Shang, Q.J., Hyde, K.D., Phookamsak, R., Doilom, M., Bhat, D.J., Maharachchikumbura, S.S. & Promputtha, I. (2017) Diatrypella tectonae and Peroneutypa mackenziei spp. nov. (Diatrypaceae) from northern Thailand. Mycological Progress 16: 463–476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-017-1294-0
  63. Spegazzini, C. (1881) Fungi argentini additis nonnullis brasiliensibus montevideensibusque. Pugillus quartus (Continuacion). Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina 12 (3): 97–117.
  64. Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30: 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
  65. Stokland, J.N., Siitonen, J. & Jonsson, B.G. (2012) Biodiversity in dead wood. Cambridge university press; Cambridge, UK, 509 pp. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139025843
  66. Taylor, J.W., Jacobson, D.J., Kroken, S., Kasuga, T., Geiser, D.M., Hibbett, D.S. & Fisher, M.C. (2000) Phylogenetic species recognition and species concepts in fungi. Fungal Genetics Reports 31: 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1006/fgbi.2000.1228
  67. Tendulkar, J.S. (1970) Four new species of Diatrype from India. Sydowia 24: 282–285.
  68. Tuomi, M., Laiho, R., Repo, A. & Liski, J. (2011) Wood decomposition model for boreal forests. Ecological Modelling 222 (3): 709–718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.10.025
  69. Vasilyeva, L.N. & Rogers, J.D. (2010) Some new pyrenomycetous and loculoascomycetous fungi on the endemic Hawaiian plant Hibiscadelphus giffardianus. Mycotaxon 113: 273–281. https://doi.org/10.5248/113.273
  70. White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S.J.W.T. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
  71. Wijayawardene, N.N., Hyde, K.D., Dai, D.Q., Sánchez-García, M. Goto, B.T., Saxena, R.K., Erdoðdu, M., Selçuk, F., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Aptroot, A., Błaszkowski, J., Boonyuen, N., da Silva, G.A., de Souza, F.A., Dong, W., Ertz, D., Haelewaters, D., Jones, E.B.G., Karunarathna, S.C., Kirk, P.M., Kukwa, M., Kumla, J., Leontyev, D.V., Lumbsch, H.T., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Marguno, F., Martínez-Rodríguez, P., Mešić, A., Monteiro, J.S., Oehl, F., Pawłowska, J., Pem, D., Pfliegler, W.P., Phillips, A.J.L., Pošta, A., He, M.Q., Li, J.X., Raza, M., Sruthi, O.P., Suetrong, S., Suwannarach, N., Tedersoo, L., Thiyagaraja, V., Tibpromma, S., Tkalčec, Z., Tokarev, Y.S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wijesundara, D.S.A., Wimalaseana, S.D.M.K., Madrid, H., Zhang, G.Q., Gao, Y., Sánchez-Castro, I., Tang, L.Z., Stadler, M., Yurkov, A. & Thines, M. (2022) Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa—2021. Mycosphere 13 (1): 53–453. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2
  72. Wong, K.M. & Hyde, K.D. (2001) Diversity of microfungi on six species of Gramineae and one species of Cyperaceae in Hong Kong. Mycological Research 105: 1485–1491. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756201004695
  73. Zhou, D. & Hyde, K.D. (2001) Host-specificity, host-exclusivity, and host-recurrence in saprobic fungi. Mycological Research 105 (12): 1449–1457. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756201004713