Abstract
Morphological variability of the widespread Aeginetia acaulis is reassessed in the context of the taxonomic boundaries of this species. Aeginetia sessilis considered to be endemic to the Western Ghats of India is demonstrated to lack any clear structural differences from A. acaulis, representing a morph of the latter species with shortly pedicellate (to subsessile or sessile) flowers. Accordingly, A. sessilis is here proved to be a taxonomic synonym of A. acaulis. A population of the same morph is reported from Dak Nong province of Vietnam. Structural diversity of A. acaulis is illustrated with analytical photographs of living plants. Species diversity of Aeginetia in the countries of the Indochinese Peninsula (Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam) is summarized, and an identification key is provided. Finally, typification of A. acaulis and its synonym A. abbreviata is revised, and lectotypes are designated for both names.
References
Anilkumar, R. (2000) A taxonomic revision of the family Orobanchaceae in India. Ph.D. thesis, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 230 pp. [http://hdl.handle.net/10603/105458]
Bakhuizen van den Brink, R.C. (1921) Aeginetia indica L. De Tropische Natuur 10 (10–11): 154–158, 164–173.
Bakhuizen van den Brink, R.C. (1933) Orobanchaceae in India Batava Orientali Crescentes. Bulletin du Jardin botanique de Buitenzorg sér. 3, 13 (1): 77–90.
Beck-Mannagetta, G. (1930) Orobanchaceae. In: Engler, A. (Ed.) Das Pflanzenreich: regni vegetablilis conspectus IV: 261. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 348 pp.
Bentham, G. (1835) Scrophularineae Indicae: A synopsis of the East Indian Scrophularineae contained in the collections presented by the East India Company to the Linnaean Society of London and in those of Mr. Royle and others; with some general observations on the affinities and sub-divisions of the order. James Ridgway & Sons, London, 57 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50876
Chan, Y.M. (2009) The ephemeral Aeginetia acaulis (Orobanchaceae). Conservation Malaysia 9: 7.
Cho, S.H., Chhang, P. & Kim, Y.D. (2016) A checklist for the seed plants of Cambodia. National Institute of Biological Resources, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, 272 pp.
Craib, W.G. (1962) Orobanchaceae. In: Barnett, E.C. (Ed.) Florae Siamensis Enumeratio 3. Siam Society, Bangkok, pp. 194–196.
Dwari, S., Naskar, A.K., Bhunia, A.K. & Mondal, A.K. (2019) Taxonomy and distribution of Aeginetia indica L. (Orobanchaceae) in West Bengal, India. Journal of the Botanical Society of Bengal 73 (1): 43–50.
Fischer, E. (2004) Scrophulariaceae. In: Kadereit, J.W. (Ed.) The families and genera of vascular plants 7. Springer, Berlin & Heidelberg, pp. 333–432. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18617-2_21
Forbes, F.B. & Hemsley, W.B. (1890) An Enumeration of all the plants known from China Proper, Formosa, Hainan, Corea, the Luchu Archipelago, and the Island of Hongkong, together with their distribution and synonymy.—Part VIII. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 26 (174): 121–236. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1890.tb00106.x
Govaerts, R. (1995) World Checklist of Seed Plants. Vol. 1 (parts 1, 2). MIM, Deurne, 483 pp.
Ho, P.H. (2000) An illustrated flora of Vietnam. Vol. 3. Youth Publishing House, Ho Chi Minh City, 1020 pp. [In Vietnamese]
Hooker, J.D. (1885) Order CIV. Orobanchaceae. In: Hooker, J.D. (Ed.) Flora of British India. Vol. 4. L. Reeve & Co, London, pp. 319–328. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.678
Jafri, S.M.H. (1976) Orobanchaceae, No.98. In: Nasir, E. & Ali, S.I. (Eds.) Flora of Pakistan 98 (4). Dept. Bot. Univ., Karachi and National Herbarium Pak. Agri. Research Council, Islamabad, pp. 1–23. [http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/42000301?projectid=32]
Kanjilal, U.N., Das, A., Kanjilal, P.C. & De, R.N. (1939) Flora of Assam 3. Prabasi Press, Calcutta, 578 pp.
Kiew, R. (2021) Orobanchaceae. In: Kiew, R., Chung, R.C.K., Saw, L.G. & Soepadmo, E. (Eds.) Flora of Peninsular Malaysia. Ser. II: Seed plants. Vol. 8 (Malayan Forest Record; No. 49). Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, pp. 291–305.
Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003) A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1–590.
Kumar, A., Henary, A.N., Maurya, O.N. & Kumar, A. (2020a) Orobanchaceae. In: Dash, S.S. & Mao, A.A. (Eds.) Flowering plants of India. An annotated checklist. Dicotyledons. Vol. 2. Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata, pp. 239–242.
Kumar, A., Maurya, O.N. & Bandyopadhyay, S. (2020b) (017) Proposal to add a new example after Article 11.4. Taxon 69 (3): 633. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12257
Letouzey, R. (1967) Présence d’un genre d’Orobanchacées d’Asie tropicale (Aeginetia Linn.) dans la flore d’Afrique continentale (Cameroun). Adansonia 7 (1): 27–32.
Leìveilleì, H. (1916) Catalogue des plantes de Yun-Nan, avec renvoi aux diagnoses originales, observations et descriptions d’espèces nouvelles. Léveillé, H., Le Mans, 299 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.601
Lindsay, S., Middleton, D.J., Ho, B.C., Chong, K.Y., Turner, I.M., Ali, Ibrahim, Alonso-García, M., Ang, W.F., Ashton, P.S., Athen, P., Atkins, S., Bazilah Ibrahim, Beentje, H.J., Boo, C.M., Boyce, P.C., Bramley, G.L.C., Buerki, S., Callmander, M.W., Chantanaorrapint, S., Cheek, M., Chen, C.-W., Chen, J., Chen, L.M.J., Chew, P.T., Chong, R., Choo, L.M., Chung, R.C.K., Coode, M.J.E., Chua, S.C., Cicuzza, D., de Kok, R.P.J., Davison, G.W.H., de Wilde, W.J.J.O., Duistermaat, H., Dubéarnès, A., Duyfjes, B.E.E., Ellis, L.T., Esser, H.-J., Gajurel, P.R., Gale, S.W., Ganesan, S.K., Gardner, E.M., Geiger, D.L., Harwood, R.K., Hassan Ibrahim, He, S., Henderson, A., Hovenkamp, P.H., Hughes, M., Zaki Jamil, Jebb, M.H.P., Johnson, D.M., Kartonegoro, A., Kiew, R., Knapp, S., Koh, S.L., Kurzweil, H., Lee, S., Leong, P.K.F., Leong-Škorničková, J., Levin, G.A., Liew, D.C.H., Lim, R.C.J., Lim, W.H., Loo, A.H.B., Low, Y.W., Lua, H.K., Lum, S., Mabberley, D.J., Mahyuni, R., Maslin, B., Murray, N.A., Neo, L., Ng, X.Y., Ngo, K.M., Niissalo, M.A., Ong, P.T., Pannell, C.M., Phang, A., Prance, G.T., Promma, C., Puglisi, C., Rodda, M.L., Rubasinghe, S.C.K., Saunders, R.M.K., Savinov, I.A., Saw, L.G., Schuiteman, A., Seah, W.W., Simpson, D.A., Strijk, J.S., Sukkharak, P., Sugumaran, M., Syahida-Emiza, S., Tan, J.P.C., Taylor, N.P., Teo, Y.K.L., Thomas, D.C., Trias-Blasi, A., Utteridge, T., van Welzen, P.C., Veldkamp, J.F., Vermeulen, J., Wang, R., Wilkie, P., Wei, Y.-M., Wong, S.Y., Wong, K.M., Yaakub, S., Yam, T.W., Yang, S., Yao, T.L., Ye, W., Yee, A.T.K., Yeo, C.K., Yeoh, Y.S., Yong, C., Yong, K.T., Zerega, N.J.C., Zhu, R.-L. & Er, K.B.H. (2022) Flora of Singapore: Checklist and bibliography. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 74 (Suppl. 1): 3–860. https://doi.org/10.26492/gbs74(suppl.1).2022-01
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum 2. Imprensis Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, pp. 561–1200. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669
Livera, E.J. (1927) Aeginetiaceae, a new natural family of flowering plants. Annals of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya 10: 145–159.
Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007) A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 394 pp.
Nickrent, D.L. (2020) Parasitic angiosperms: how often and how many? Taxon 69 (1): 5–27. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12195
Parnell, J. (2001) A revision of Orobanchaceae in Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 29: 72–80.
Parnell, J. (2008) Orobanchaceae. In: Santisuk, T. & Larsen, K. (Eds.) Flora of Thailand 9 (2). The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Conservation Department, Bangkok, pp. 142–147.
Parnell, J. (2012) Aeginetia flava: a new and remarkable species of Aeginetia: Orobanchaceae from South-Eastern Thailand. Kew Bulletin 67 (1): 81–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-012-9337-9
Pellegrin, F. (1927) Orobanchacées. In: Lecomte, H. (Ed.) Flore Générale de L’Indochine 4. Masson et Cie, Paris, pp. 461–466.
Philcox, D. (1997) Orobanchaceae. In: Dassanayake, M.D. & Clayton, W.D. (Eds.) A revised handbook to the Flora of Ceylon. Vol. 11. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 371–381.
Prain, D. (1905) Order LXXXIV. Orobanchaceae. The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 74 (2): 364–366.
Ray, B.R. & Dasgupta, M.K. (2009) Three newly recorded natural hosts of Aeginetia pedunculata (Roxb.) Wall. (Orobanchaceae). Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 39 (1): 163–165.
Reuter, G.F. (1847) Orobanchaceae. In: De Candolle, A. (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, 11. Masson, Paris, pp. 1–45.
Ridley, H.N. (1923) The flora of the Malay Peninsula 2. Reeve & Co., London, 672 pp.
Roxburgh, W. (1814) Hortus Bengalensis, or a catalogue of the plants growing in the honourable East India Company’s Botanic Garden at Calcutta. Mission Press, Serampore, 172 pp.
Roxburgh, W. (1820) Plants of the coast of Coromandel; selected from drawings and descriptions presented to the hon. court of directors of the East India Company. Vol. 3. W. Bulmer & Co., London, 96 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.467
Roxburgh, W. (1832) Flora Indica; or, descriptions of Indian plants. Ed. 2. Vol. 3. W. Thaker and Co., Serampore, 875 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.590
Sánchez Pedraja, Ó., Moreno Moral, G., Carlón, L., Piwowarczyk, R., Laínz, M. & Schneeweiss, G.M. (2016 [continuously updated]) Index of Orobanchaceae. Liérganes. ISSN: 2386-9666. Available from: http://www.farmalierganes.com/Otrospdf/publica/Orobanchaceae%20Index.htm (accessed: 24 May 2022).
Sharma, V. & Uniyal, S.Kr. (2009) Aeginetia indica L. – a new record to the flora of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Forestry 32 (1): 127–130.
Shivamurthy, G.R. & Rajanna, L. (1994) A new species of Aeginetia Linn. (Orobanchaceae) from Western Ghats. Rheedea 4 (2) 133–135.
Steudel, E.T. (1841) Nomenclator botanicus, seu, Synonymia plantarum universalis, enumerans ordine alphabetico nomina atque synonyma, tum generica tum specifica, et a Linnaeo et a recentioribus de re botanica scriptoribus plantis phanerogamis imposita, Part 2. Sumptibus J.G. Cottae, Stuttgart and Tübingen, 810 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.655
Thwaites, G.H.K. (1864) CXVI. Orobanchaceae. In: Thwaites, G.H.K. & Hooker, J.D. (Eds.) Enumeratio plantarum Zeylaniae. Dulau & Co., London, pp. 221–222. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.574
Trimen, H. (1895) A hand-book to the flora of Ceylon, part 3. Dulau & Co., London, 477 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10864
Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. [Regnum Vegetabile 159]. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
Vijay, C.R., Thriveni, M.C. & Shivamurthy, G.R. (2017) Seed surface micro morphological features of the holoparasitic angiosperm Aeginetia spp. (Orobanchaceae) in South India. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy 83 (1): 197–201. https://doi.org/10.16943/ptinsa/2016/48581
Vu, X.P. (2005) 206. Orobanchaceae Vent. 1799. – Họ Lê Dýõng, Nhục Thung Dung. In: Nguyen, T.B. (Ed.) Checklist of plant species of Vietnam. Vol. 3. Agriculture Publishing House, Hanoi, pp. 246–247. [In Vietnamese]
Wallich, N. (1829) A numerical list of dried specimens of plants in the East India Company’s Museum collected under the superintendence of Dr. Wallich of the Company’s botanic garden at Calcutta. London. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1917
Wallich, N. (1831) Plantae Asiaticae rariores, or, Descriptions and figures of a select number of unpublished East Indian plants. Vol. 3. Treuttel and Würtz, and Richter, London, 117 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.468
Walpers, W.G. (1843) Scrophularineae R.Br. Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 19 (Suppl. 1): 393–400.
Walpers, W.G. (1844) Repertorium botanices systematicae. T. 3. Friderici Hofmeister, Lipsiae, 1002 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7553
Wight, R. (1850) Icones Plantarum Indiae Orientalis 4. American Mission Press, Madras, 18 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.92
Zhang, Z.Y. & Tzvelev, N.N. (1998) Orobanchaceae. In: Wu, Z.Y. & Raven, P.H. (Eds.) Flora of China 18. Missouri Botanical Garden Press and Science Press. St. Louis and Beijing, pp. 229–243.