Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2023-04-24
Page range: 1-42
Abstract views: 128
PDF downloaded: 102

The genus Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae) in the flora of Central Africa (D.R. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi)

Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium. Herbarium et bibliothèque de botanique africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP 244, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles. Service général de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche scientifique, Brussels, Belgium.
Angola Central Africa Clerodendrum capitatum var. pubitubum Meerts Clerodendrum johnstonii var. rubropunctatum Meerts endemic liana neotype rainforest Rotheca taxonomy Verbenaceae Volkameria Eudicots

Abstract

The revision of the genus Clerodendrum in D.R. Congo, Rwanda and Burundi is presented. Thirty-three taxa are accepted (28 species, 4 varieties, 1 form). Two new varieties are described (Clerodendrum capitatum var. pubitubum, Clerodendrum johnstonii var. rubropunctatum). Two new synonyms are proposed. A neotype is designated for C. buchneri, C. buettneri, C. fuscum, C. melanocrater, C. poggei. A lectotype is designated for C. bipindense, C. cavum, C. conglobatum, C. consors, C. excavatum, C. goossensii, C. lupakense, C. tanganyikense var. microcalyx, C. triplinerve, C. welwitschii. A second-step lectotype is designated for C. silvanum. A new combination is made (Clerodendrum johnstonii var. marsabitense). Two species are new to D.R. Congo and 2 species are new to Burundi. Four taxa are endemic to D.R. Congo (C. capitatum var. vanderystii, C. capitatum var. pubitubum, C. dewittei, C. pynaertii) and one taxon is endemic to Burundi (C. fasciculatum).

References

<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Adam, J.-G. (1975) Flore descriptive des Monts Nimba (4ème partie). </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, sér. B, Botanique</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 25: 1381–1586.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Aiton, W.T. (1811) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Hortus kewensis, or, a catalogue of the plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. 2</span><sup><span lang="en-GB">nd</span></sup><span lang="en-GB"> ed., vol. III. Longman &amp; al., London, 432 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.105339</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. &amp; van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flore Analytique du Bénin</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 1034 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Albuquerque, S., Brummitt, R.K. &amp; Figueiredo, E. (2009) Typification of names based on the Angolan collections of Friedrich Welwitsch. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Taxon</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 58: 641–646. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.582028</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Baker, E.G. (1892) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum congense</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Baker. Decades Kewenses. II. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 1892 (65–66): 127.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Baker, E.G. (1895a) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum tanganyikense</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Diagnoses africanae. IV.</span><span lang="en-GB"><em> Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 1895 (99): 71. https://doi.org/10.2307/4118481</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Baker, E.G. (1895b) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum polycephalum</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Decades Kewenses XV–XIX.</span><span lang="en-GB"><em> Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 1895 (100–101): 116. https://doi.org/10.2307/4118319</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Baker, E.G. (1900) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: Thiselton-Dyer, W.T. (Ed.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flora of Tropical Africa</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 5. Lovell Reeve &amp; Co, London, pp. 292–314.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Baker, E.G., Moore, S.M. &amp; Rendle, A.B. (1905) The botany of the Anglo-German Uganda boundary commission. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 37: 116–227. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1905.tb00827.x</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Balfour, J.H. f. (April 1862) Description of a new species of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendron</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> from Old Calabar. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> n.s. 15: 232–235.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Bloesch, U., Troupin, G. &amp; Derungs, N. (2009) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Les plantes ligneuses du Rwanda. Flore, écologie, usages.</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Shaker Verlag, Aachen, 755 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Briquet, J. (1895) Viticoideae. Clerodendreae. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: Engler, A. &amp; Prantl, K. (Eds.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien </em></span><span lang="en-GB">IV (3a). W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 173–177. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Bruce, E.A. (1934) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum grandicalyx</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> E.A. Bruce. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 1934 (7): 306. https://doi.org/10.2307/4118226</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Bull, W. (1869) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum speciosum</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Retail List of New, Beautiful and Rare Plants</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 44: 4.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Burrows, J., Burrows, S., Lötter, M. &amp; Schmidt, E. (2018) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Trees and shrubs of Mozambique</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Publishing Print Matters (Pty) Ltd, Noordhoek, Capetown, 1114 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">César, J. &amp; Chatelain, C. (2019) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flore illustrée du Tchad</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de Genève, Coopération Suisse &amp; Univ. N’Djaména, 767 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Chiovenda, E. (1922) Le piante raccolte dal Dott. Ettore Bovone al Catanga nel 1918–1921. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> n. S. 29: 105–119. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Coates Palgrave, M.C. (2005) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Keith Coates Palgrave Trees of Southern Africa</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 1210 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Cufodontis, G. (1962) Enumeratio Plantarum Aethiopiae Spermatophyta (Sequentia). </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l’État à Bruxelles </em></span><span lang="en-GB">32 (2): 773–827. https://doi.org/10.2307/3667231</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">De Wildeman, E. (1903) Études sur la Flore du Katanga. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Annales du Muséum du Congo</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, sér. 4, 1 (3): 81–241. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">De Wildeman, E. (1905) Etudes sur la flore du Bas- et du Moyen-Congo. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Annales du Musée du Congo, Botanique</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, sér. 5, 1: 1–344. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">De Wildeman, E. (1909) Etudes sur la flore du Bas- et du Moyen-Congo. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Annales du Musée du Congo, Botanique</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, série 5, 3 (1): 1–147. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">De Wildeman, E. (1910a) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Compagnie du Kasaï. Mission permanente d’études scientifiques</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Résultats de ses recherches botaniques et agronomiques. Lesigne. Bruxelles, 463 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.147877</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">De Wildeman, E. (1910b) Etudes sur la flore du Bas- et du Moyen-Congo. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Annales du Musée du Congo, Botanique</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, sér. 5, 3: 149–316. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">De Wildeman, E. (1911a) Decades Novarum specierum Florae Congolensis. I. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l’État à Bruxelles</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 3 (2): 255–280. https://doi.org/10.2307/3666486</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">De Wildeman, E. (1911b) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Etudes sur la flore des districts des Bangala et de l’Ubangui (Congo belge). Plantae Thonnerianae Congolenses ser. II</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Misch &amp; Tron, Bruxelles, 265 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">De Wildeman, E. (1912a) Etudes sur la flore du Bas- et du Moyen-Congo. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Annales du Musée du Congo, Botanique</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, sér. 5, 3 (3): 317–533.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">De Wildeman, E. (1912b) Documents pour l’étude de la géo-botanique congolaise. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Bulletin de la Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 51 (3): 1–406.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">De Wildeman, E. (1920a) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendron</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> à tiges fistuleuses. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Comptes-rendus hebdomadaires des séances et mémoires de la société de Biologie</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: 582–584.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">De Wildeman, E. (1920b) Notes sur quelques espèces africaines du genre </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendron </em></span><span lang="en-GB">(Verbenaceae). </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l’État à Bruxelles</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 7: 161–187. https://doi.org/10.2307/3666464</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">De Wildeman, E. (1921) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Contribution à la flore du Katanga</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Comité spécial du Katanga, Bruxelles, 264 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11020</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">De Wildeman, E. (1922) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Plantae Bequaertianae</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. I (2). Hoste, Gand, pp. 167–298.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">De Wildeman, E. (1914) Decades novarum specierum florae katangensis. XIX–XXI. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 13: 137–147. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19140130904</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">De Wildeman, E. &amp; Durand, T. (1898) Reliquiae Dewevrianae. Enumération systématique des plantes récoltées par Alfr. Dewèvre en 1895–96 dans l’Etat indépendant du Congo. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Annales du musée du Congo</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, sér 3. I (1): 1–291.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Deuse, P. (1960) Etude écologique et phytosociologique de la végétation des Esobe de la région est du lac Tumba. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Académie royale des sciences d’outre-mer, Mémoires</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, n.s. 11 (3).</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Don, G. (1824) Account of several new species of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Combretum, Chailletea, Clerodendrum, Gomphia, Modecia, Mussaenda, Justicia, Brillantaisia, Parinarium</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, and </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Anthocleista</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, from Sierra Leone. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Edinburgh Philosophical Journal </em></span><span lang="en-GB">11: 342–350.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Durand, T. &amp; De Wildeman, E. (1899a) Matériaux pour la flore du Congo. IV. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Bulletin de la Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 38 (2): 78–116.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Durand, T. &amp; De Wildeman, E. (1899b) Matériaux pour la flore du Congo. VI. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Bulletin de la Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique </em></span><span lang="en-GB">38 (2): 171–220.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Durand, T. &amp; De Wildeman, E. (1900) Matériaux pour la flore du Congo. VIII. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Bulletin de la Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 39 (2): 53–82.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Durand, T. &amp; Durand, H. (1909) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Sylloge florae congolanae [Phanerogamae]</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. De Boeck, Bruxelles, 716 pp. https://doi.org/10.2307/3666516</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Durand, T. &amp; Schinz, H. (1896) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Etudes sur la flore du Congo</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. I. Bruxelles, Hayez. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 39 (2): 53–82.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Engler, A. (1886) Beitrage zur Flora des Congogebietes. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 8: 59–68.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Engler, A. (1901) Beiträge zur Flora von Afrika. XXII. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 30: 289–445.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Exell, A. (1930) Verbenaceae. Mr. John Gossweiler’s Portuguese west African plants. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Journal of Botany</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 68 (Suppl. 2): 137–146.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Fernandes, R. (1998) Notes sur les Verbenaceae. XI. Remarques sur quelques taxa africains du genre </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> L. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Memorias da Sociedade Broteriana</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 30: 5–109.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Fernandes, R. (2005) Verbenaceae. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: Pope, G.V. &amp; Martins, E.S. (Eds.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flora Zambesiaca</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. 8 (7). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, pp 6–61.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Fischer, E. &amp; Killmann, D. (2008) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Illustrated field guide to the plants of Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Koblenz Geographical Colloquia, Series Biogeographical Monographs 1. University of Koblenz-Landau, Koblenz, 772 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Geerling, G. (1982) Guide de terrain des ligneux sahéliens et soudano-guinéens. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 82 (3): 1–340.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Good, R. d’O. (1930) Mr. Gossweiler’s plants from Angola and Portuguese Congo. Dicotyledones. Part II. Gamopetalae. Verbenaceae. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Journal of Botany</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 68 (Suppl. 2): 139–146.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Goyder, D.J. &amp; Gonçalves, F.M.P. (2019) The Flora of Angola: Collectors, Richness and Endemism. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In:</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Huntley, B.J., Russo, V., Lages, F. &amp; Ferrand, N. (Eds.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Biodiversity of Angola Science &amp; Conservation: A Modern Synthesis</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03083-4_1</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Gürke, M. (1893) Verbenaceae africanae. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 18: 165–183.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Gürke, M. (1900) Verbenaceae africanae II. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 28 (3): 291–305.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Harley, R.M., Atkins, S., Budantsev, A., Cantino, P.D., Conn, B., Grayer, R.J., Harley, M.M., Kok, R. de, Krestovskaja, T., Morales, A., Paton, A.J., Ryding, O. &amp; Upson, T. (2004) Labiatae. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: Kadereit, J.W. (Ed.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>The families and genera of vascular plants (Lamiales)</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, VII. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 167–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18617-2_11</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Hawthorne, W. &amp; Jongkind, C. (2006) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Woody plants of western African forests: a guide to the forest trees, shrubs and lianas from Senegal to Ghana</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1023 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Henriques, J.A. (1892) Contribuiçao para o estudio da flora d’Africa. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Boletim Sociedade Broteriana</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 10: 97–165.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Hiern, W.P. (1900) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Catalogue of African plants collected by Dr Friedrich Welwitsch in 1853–1861. Dicotyledons</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, vol. IV. Longmans, London, pp. 785–1035.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Hochstetter, C.F. (1842) Nova genera plantarum africae tum australis tum tropicae borealis. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flora</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 25 (1): 225–240.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Hooker, W.H. (1848) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendron capitatum</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Curtis’s Botanical Magazine</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 74, ser. 3 (4): tab. 4355.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Hooker, W.H. (1862) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendron thomsonae</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Curtis’s Botanical Magazine</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 88, ser 3 (18): tab. 5313.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Hornemann, J.W. (1819) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>De Indole Plantarum Guineensium. </em></span><span lang="en-GB">Typis Schultzianis, Copenhagen, 27 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Huber, H. (1963) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: Hepper, F.N. (Ed.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flora of West Tropical Africa</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, 2nd Ed., vol. 2. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London, pp. 439–445.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Lam, H.J. (1919) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>The Verbenaceae of the Malayan archipelago</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Ph.D. thesis Univ. Utrecht. De Waal, Groningen, 382 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Lam, H.J. &amp; Bakhuizen van den Brink, R.C. (1921) Revision of the Verbenaceae of the Dutch East-Indies and surrounding countries. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Bulletin du Jardin botanique de Buitenzorg</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> ser. III (III): 1–120.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Lamarck, J.-B. &amp; Poiret, J. (1804) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Encyclopédie méthodique. Botanique</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. 5. Agasse, Paris, 748 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Latham, P. &amp; Konda ku Mbuta, A. (2010) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Plantes utiles du Bas-Congo, République démocratique du Congo</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Mystole, Canterbury (UK), 372 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Lebrun, J. (1969) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>La végétation psammophile du littoral congolais</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Académie Royale des Sciences d’Outre-mer. Bruxelles, 166 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Lebrun, J., Taton, A., Toussaint, L. (1948) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Exploration du Parc National de la Kagera, Mission J. Lebrun (1937–1938)</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Institut des Parcs nationaux du Congo belge, Bruxelles, 160 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Lebrun, J.-P. &amp; Stork, A. (1997) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Enumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique. IV.</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la ville de Genève, Genève, 712 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Lejoly, J., Ndjele, M.-B. &amp; Geerinck, D. (2010) Catalogue-Flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo), éd. 4. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Taxonomania</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 30: 1–307.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Lewalle, J. (1972) Les étages de végétation du Burundi occidental. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Bulletin du Jardin botanique national de Belgique</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 42: 1–247. https://doi.org/10.2307/3667406</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Li, B., Cantino, P.D., Olmstead, R.G., Bramley, G.L.C., Xiang, C.-L., Ma, Z.-H., Tan, Y.-H. &amp; Zhang, D.-X. (2016) A large-scale chloroplast phylogeny of the Lamiaceae sheds new light on its subfamilial classification. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Scientific Reports</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 6: 34343. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34343</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Lindley, J. (1844) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendron fallax</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Edwards’s Botanical Register</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 30: sub t. 19.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Linnaeus, C. (1753) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Species plantarum, vol. 2</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, pp. 561–1200.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Lisowski, S. (2009) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Première partie (Texte)</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Jardin botanique national de Belgique, Meise, 1095 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Mabberley, D.J. (1989) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>The plant-book. A portable dictionary of the higher plants.</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> [Reprint with corrections]. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 707 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Malaise, P. (1985) Verbenaceae. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: Troupin, G. (Ed.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flore du Rwanda, Spermatophytes</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. 3. Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale, Tervueren, pp. 267–291.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Meerts, P. &amp; Sosef, M.S.M. (2022) Proposal to conserve the name </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum umbellatum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Labiatae) with a conserved type. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Taxon</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 71 (4): 914–915. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12781</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Meyer, H. (1984) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Les Barundi. Une étude ethnologique en Afrique orientale. Edition critique.</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Société francaise d’histoire d’outre-mer, Paris, 276 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Moldenke, H.N. (1951) Notes on new and noteworthy plants XII. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytologia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 3 (8): 406–447. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.10094</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Moldenke, H.N. (1953a) Notes on new and noteworthy plants. XV. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytologia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 4 (3): 173–183. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Moldenke, H.N. (1953b) Notes on new and noteworthy plants. XVI. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytologia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 4 (4): 285–294.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Moldenke, H.N. (1980) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>A sixth summary of the Verbenaceae, Avicenniaceae, Stilbaceae, Chloanthaceae, Symphoremaceae, Nyctanthaceae and Eriocaulaceae of the world as to valid taxa, geographic distribution and synonymy. </em></span><span lang="en-GB">Phytologia Memoirs, vol. 2. 629 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12983</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Moldenke, H.N. (1983) Notes on new and noteworthy plants. CLXIII. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytologia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 52 (5): 330. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.10521</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Moldenke, H.N. (1985a) Notes on the genus </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Verbenaceae). IV. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytologia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 57 (5): 334–365. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Moldenke, H.N. (1985b) Notes on the genus </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Verbenaceae). VI. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytologia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 57 (7): 456–491. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Moldenke, H.N. (1985c) Notes on the genus </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Verbenaceae). VII. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytologia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 58 (3): 178–218. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.21034</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Moldenke, H.N. (1985d) Notes on the genus </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Verbenaceae). VIII. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytologia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 58 (4): 279–303. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.21034</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Moldenke, H.N. (1985e) Notes on the genus </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum </em></span><span lang="en-GB">(Verbenaceae). IX. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytologia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 58 (5): 329–359. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.21034</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Moldenke, H.N. (1985f) Notes on the genus </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Verbenaceae). XI. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytologia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 58 (7): 432–462. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.21034</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Moldenke, H.N. (1986a) Notes on the genus </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Verbenaceae). XIV. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytologia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 59 (5): 324–359. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.2777</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Moldenke, H.N. (1986b) Notes on the genus </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Verbenaceae). XV. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytologia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 59 (6): 406–428. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.2777</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Moldenke, H.N. (1986c) Notes on the genus </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Verbenaceae). XVI. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytologia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 59 (7): 462–499. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.2777</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Moldenke, H.N. (1986d) Notes on the genus </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Verbenaceae). XX. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytologia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 60 (4): 266–285.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Moore, S.M. (1919) Alabastra diversa – Part XXXI. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Journal of Botany, London</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 57: 244–251.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Morren, C. (1836) Plantes Nouvelles et d’agrément. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Horticulteur Belge</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 3: 319–323.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Oliver, D. (1875) The botany of the Speke and Grant Expedition, Dicotyledons (concluded). </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Transactions of the Linnean Society of London</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 29 (3): 104–151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1875.tb00234.x</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Oliver, D. (1887) Enumeration of the plants collected by Mr. H.H. Johnston on the Kilima-njaro expedition, 1884. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Transactions of the Linnean Society</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>ser. 2, Botany</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 2: 327–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1887.tb01008h.x</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Osbeck, P. (1757) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Dagbok öfwer en ostindsk resa.</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Stockholm, 376 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Palisot de Beauvois, A.M.F.J. (1805) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flore d’Oware et de Benin, en Afrique</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, vol. 1. Fain Jeune et Compagnie, Paris, 100 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.101798</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Palisot de Beauvois, A.M.F.J. (1808) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>F</em></span><span lang="en-GB"><em>lore d’Oware et de Benin, en Afrique</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, vol. 2. Fain Jeune et Compagnie, Paris, 95 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Pollard, B. (2022) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: Sosef, M.S.M., Florence, J., Bourobou Bourobou, H.P., Bissiengou, P. (eds.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flore du Gabon, vol. 58. Labiatae</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Margraf Publishers, Weikersheim, pp. 17–40. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Prain, D. (1913) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendron bakeri</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Curtis’s Botanical Magazine</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, ser. 4 (9), tab. 8473.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Rendle, A.B., Baker, E.G., Warnham, H.F. &amp; Moore, S. (1913) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Catalogue of the plants collected by Mr. and Mrs. P.A. Talbot in the Oban District, South Nigeria</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 157 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Richard, A. (1850) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Tentamen Florae Abyssinicae seu Enumeratio Plantarum hucusque in plerisque Abyssiniae</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. 2. Bertrand, Paris, 518 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Robyns, W. (1947) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flore des Spermatophytes du Parc national Albert, vol. II. Sympétales. </em></span><span lang="en-GB">Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo belge, Bruxelles, 627 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Robyns, W. (1948) Les territoires phytogéographiques du Congo belge et du Ruanda-Urundi. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Atlas Géneral du Congo belge</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Institut Royal Colonial Belge, Bruxelles, 10 pp., 1 map. https://doi.org/10.2307/3666705</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Roxburgh, W. (1832) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flora Indica or Descriptions of Indian Plants</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. III. Serampore, Calcutta &amp; London, 875 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Salisbury, R.A. (1796) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Prodromus Stirpium in Horto ad Chapel Allerton vigentium</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. London. 422 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.427</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Schmitz, A. (1963) Les muhulus du Haut-Katanga méridional. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l’État</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 32: 221–299. https://doi.org/10.2307/3667284</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Schumann, K., Baker, J.G., Rolfe, R. &amp; Cogniaux, A. (1893) Plantae africanae novae. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Boletim Sociedade Broteriana</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 11: 83–90.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Smith, A.C. (1991) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flora Vitiensis nova. A new flora of Fiji. </em></span><span lang="en-GB">5. The national tropical botanical garden, Lauai, Kauai, Hawaii, 626 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Steane, D.A., de Kok, R.P.J. &amp; Olmstead, R.G. (2004) Phylogenetic relationships between Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae) and other Ajugoid genera inferred from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 32 (1): 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2003.11.011</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Steane, D.A., Scotland, R.W. &amp; Mabberley, D.J. (1997) Phylogenetic Relationships of Clerodendrum s.l. (Lamiaceae) Inferred from Chloroplast DNA. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Systematic Botany</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 22 (2): 229–243. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419455</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Steane, D.A., Scotland, R.W., Mabberley, D.J. &amp; Olmstead, R.G. (1999) Molecular systematics of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Lamiaceae): ITS sequences and total evidence. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>American Journal of Botany</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 86 (1): 98–107. https://doi.org/10.2307/2656958</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Thomas, B. (1936) Die Gattung </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> in Afrika. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 68: 1–106.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Thonner, F. (1915) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>The flowering plants of Africa</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Dulau, London, 647 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Thunberg, C.P. (1784) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flora Japonica. </em></span><span lang="en-GB">Lipsiae, 419 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Vande weghe, J.P., Bidault, E. &amp; Stevart, T. (2016) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Plantes à fleurs du Gabon</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. ANPN, Libreville, 792 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Vatke, W. (1882) Plantas in itinere Africano ab J.M. Hildebrandt collectas determinare pergit. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Linnaea</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 43: 507–542.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Verdcourt, B. (1992) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: Polhill, R.M. (Ed.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Flora of tropical East Africa</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Verbenaceae</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Balkema. Rotterdam, pp. 84–144.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Vollesen, K. &amp; Merrett, L. (2020) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>A photo rich field guide of the (wetter) Zambian miombo, part 2</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. </span><span lang="en-GB">Zambia, Mike Merrett &amp; Lari Merrett, pp. 447</span><span lang="en-GB">–</span><span lang="en-GB">1020.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Walpers, G.G. (1845) Synopsis Verbenacearum, Myoporinearum, Selaginearum, Stilbinearum, Globulariearum, Plantaginearum omnium ad annum 1844 cognitarum. repertorium botanices systematicae. IV. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Repertorium Botanices Systematicae (Walpers) </em></span><span lang="en-GB">4 (1): 108.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Warburg, O. (Ed.) (1903) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Kunene-Sambesi-Expedition H. Baum 1903</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Kolonial-Wirtschaftliches Komitee. Berlin, 593 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">White, F. [coll. Angus, A.] (1962) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Forest flora of Northern Rhodesia</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 454 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Willdenow, C.L. (1800) Species Plantarum. Editio Quarta. III. Nauk, Berolini [Berlin]. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.60078</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Yuan, Y.-W., Mabberley, D.J., Steane, D.A. &amp; Olmstead, R.G. (2010) Further disintegration and redefinition of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Clerodendrum</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Lamiaceae): Implications for the understanding of the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Taxon</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 59 (1): 125–133. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.591013</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Zhao, F., Chen, Y.P., Salmaki, Y., Drew, B.T., Wilson, T.C., Scheen, A.C. &amp; Xiang, C.L. (2021) An updated tribal classification of Lamiaceae based on plastome phylogenomics. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>BMC Biology</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 19 (1): 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-020-00931-z</span></span></span></span></p>