Abstract
Magnolia buenaventurensis is described from the upper Buenaventura Reserve in El Oro Province, south-west Ecuador. This species is characterised by its glabrous features, long stipular scars, obovate-elliptic leaves, 8–10 cm in diameter flowers with 8 petals, 50–53 stamens, 12–15 carpels and ellipsoid fruits. Photographs of the new species and a distribution map are provided. Relationships with other species are discussed.
References
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Vázquez-García, J.A., Neill, D.A., Asanza, M., Pérez, Á.J., Arroyo, F., Dahua-Machoa, A. & Merino-Santi, R.E. (2015a) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Magnolias de Ecuador: en riesgo de extinción</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, 140 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Vázquez-García, J.A., Neill, D.A., Asanza, M. & Recalde, L. (2015b) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Magnolia vargasiana</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Magnoliaceae), a new Andean species and a key to Ecuadorian species of subsection </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Talauma</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, with notes on its pollination biology. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytotaxa</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 217: 26–34. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.2</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Vázquez-García, J.A., Neill, D.A., Azanza, M., Pérez, Á.J., Dahua-Machoa, A., Merino-Santi, E., Delgado-Chaves, A.F. & Urbano-Apraez, S.M. (2017) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Magnolia mindoensis</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (subsect. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Talauma</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, Magnoliaceae): una especie nueva del Chocó biogeográfico premontano en Colombia y Ecuador. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Brittonia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 69: 197–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-016-9449-x</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Vázquez-García, J.A., Muñiz-Castro, M.A., Dahua-Machoa, A., Osorio-Muñoz, E.A., Hernández-Vera, G., Ortega-Peña, A.S., Romo-Campos, R.L., Jacobo-Pereira, C., Álvarez, N. & Shalisko, V. (2021) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>How to save endangered magnolias? From population biology to conservation action: the case of allopatric radiation in western Mexico </em></span><span lang="en-GB">[Online First], IntechOpen, London. 44 pp. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94346</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Wang, Y., Liu, B., Nie, Z., Chen, H., Chen, F., Figlar, R.B. & Jun, W. (2020) Major clades and a revised classification of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Magnolia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> and Magnoliaceae based on whole plastid genome sequences via genome skimming. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Journal of Systematics and Evolution</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 58: 673–695. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12588</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Arroyo, F., Pérez, Á.J. &Vázquez-García, J.A. (2013) Six new species of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Magnolia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Magnoliaceae) from Ecuador and Peru. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: Salcedo-Pérez, E., Hernández-Álvarez, E., Vázquez-García, J.A., Escoto-García, T. & Díaz-Echavarría, N. (Eds.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Recursos forestales en el occidente de México</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, vol. 4, tomo II. Universidad de Guadalajara CUCEI-CUCBA, Mexico, pp. 497–508.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Arroyo, F., Pérez, Á.J., Machoa, A.D., Neill, D.A., Ortega-Peña, A.S. & Vázquez-García, J.A. (2019) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Magnolia napoensis</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (subsect. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Talauma</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, Magnoliaceae): a new species from the Amazonian lowlands of Ecuador and Peru. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytotaxa</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 427: 239–248. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.427.4.2</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Baillon, H.E. (1866) Mémoire sur la famille des Magnoliacées. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Adansonia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 7: 65–69.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Cerón, C.E., Palacios, W., Valencia, R. & Sierra, R. (1999) Las Formaciones Naturales de la Costa del Ecuador. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: Sierra, R. (ed.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Propuesta preliminar de un sistema de clasificación de vegetación para el Ecuador Continental</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Proyecto INEFAN/GEF-BIRF y EcoCiencia, Quito, pp. 55–78.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Figlar, R.B. & Nooteboom, H.P. (2004) Notes on Magnoliaceae IV. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Blumea</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 49: 87–100. https://doi.org/10.3767/000651904X486214</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Frodin, D.G. & Govaerts, R. (1996) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>World checklist and bibliography of Magnoliaceae</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 72 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2022) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, version 15. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 31 August 2022).</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Kevan, P.G. & Viana, B.F. (2003) The global decline of pollination services. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Biodiversity</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. 4: 3–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2003.9712703</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Linnaeus, C. (1753) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Species plantarum 1</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Salvius, Stockholm, 560 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Linsky, J., Crowley, D., Beckman-Bruns, E.B. & Coffey, E.E.D. (2022) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Global conservation gap analysis of Magnolia.</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> Atlanta Botanical Garden, Atlanta, 242 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Little, E.L. Jr. (1969) New tree species from Esmeraldas, Ecuador. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytologia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 18: 195–208.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Little, E.L. Jr. (1969) New tree species from Esmeraldas, Ecuador (continued). </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytologia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 18: 457–472.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador (2013) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Sistema de clasificación de los ecosistemas del Ecuador continental</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Subsecretaria de Patrimonio Natural, Quito, 232 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Molinari-Novoa, E.A. (2016) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Magnolia arroyoana</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, a new name for </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Magnolia crassifolia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Magnoliaceae). </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytotaxa</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 257: 200. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.257.2.12</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Morelos-Juárez, C., Giler-Mejía, Y.Y., Neill, D.A., Merino-Santi, R.E. & Vázquez-García, J.A. (2019) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Magnolia dixonii</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (</span><span lang="en-GB"><em>M.</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> subsect. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Talauma</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, Magnoliaceae) rediscovered at Tesoro Escondido Reserve in the biogeographic Chocó of Ecuador. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytotaxa</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 427: 291–295. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.427.4.8</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., da Fonseca, G.A.B. & Kent, J. (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Nature</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 403: 853–858. https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Pérez, Á.J. (2015) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Taxonomía y conservación de la familia Magnoliaceae en el Ecuador</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, 143 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Pérez, Á.J., Arroyo, F., Neill, D.A. & Vázquez-García, J.A. (2016) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Magnolia chiguila</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> and </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>M. mashpi</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Magnoliaceae): two new species and a new subsection (</span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Chocotalauma</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, sect. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Talauma</em></span><span lang="en-GB">) from the Chocó biogeographic region of Colombia and Ecuador. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytotaxa</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 286: 267–276. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.286.4.5</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Pérez, Á.J., Persson, C., Zapata, N., Mashburn, B. & Vázquez-García, J.A. (2020) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Magnolia lozanoi</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (</span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Magnolia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> subsect. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Dugandiodendron</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, Magnoliaceae) rediscovered on Ecuadorian “tepuis” in Reserva Biológica El Quimi, Cordillera del Cóndor: critically endangered by open-pit mining. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytotaxa</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 428: 255–262. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.428.3.6</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Potts, S.G., Biesmeijer, J.C., Kremen, C., Neumann, P., Schweiger, O. & Kunin, W.E. (2010) Global pollinator declines: trends, impacts and drivers. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Trends in Ecology and Evolution</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 25: 345–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2010.01.007</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Thiers, B. (Ed.) (2017) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 29 August 2022).</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Vázquez-García, J.A. (1994) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Magnolia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Magnoliaceae) in Mexico and Central America: A synopsis. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Brittonia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 46: 1–23.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Vázquez-García, J.A., Muñiz-Castro, M.Á., De Castro-Arce, E., Murguía Araiza, R., Nuño Rubio, A.T. & Cházaro-Basañez, M. de J. (2012) Twenty new Neotropical tree species of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Magnolia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Magnoliaceae). </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: Salcedo-Pérez, E., Hernández-Álvarez, E., Vázquez-García, J.A., Escoto-García, T. & Echevarría-Díaz, N. (Eds.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Recursos forestales en el Occidente de México: diversidad, manejo, producción, aprovechamiento y conservación. Serie fronteras de Biodiversidad</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, vol. 4, tomo I. Universidad de Guadalajara CUCEI-CUCBA, Guadalajara, México, pp. 91–130.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Vázquez-García, J.A., Muñiz-Castro, M.Á., Arroyo, F., Pérez, Á.J., Serna, M., Cuevas-Guzmán, R., Domínguez-Yescas, R., De Castro-Arce, E. & Gurrola-Díaz, C.M. (2013) Novelties in Neotropical </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Magnolia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> and an addendum proposal to the IUCN Red List of Magnoliaceae. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>In</em></span><span lang="en-GB">: Salcedo-Pérez</span>,<span lang="en-GB"> E., Hernández-Álvarez, E., Vázquez-García, J.A., Escoto-García, T. & Díaz-Echavarría, N. (Eds.) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Recursos forestales en el Occidente de México, diversidad, manejo, aprovechamiento y conservación. Serie fronteras de Biodiversidad</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, vol. 4, tomo II. Universidad de Guadalajara CUCEI-CUCBA, Guadalajara, México, pp. 461–496.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Vázquez-García, J.A., Neill, D.A., Asanza, M., Pérez, Á.J., Arroyo, F., Dahua-Machoa, A. & Merino-Santi, R.E. (2015a) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Magnolias de Ecuador: en riesgo de extinción</em></span><span lang="en-GB">. Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, 140 pp.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Vázquez-García, J.A., Neill, D.A., Asanza, M. & Recalde, L. (2015b) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Magnolia vargasiana</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Magnoliaceae), a new Andean species and a key to Ecuadorian species of subsection </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Talauma</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, with notes on its pollination biology. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Phytotaxa</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 217: 26–34. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.217.1.2</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Vázquez-García, J.A., Neill, D.A., Recalde, F. & Asanza, M. (2016) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Magnolia llanganatensis</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (Subsect. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Talauma</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, Magnoliaceae), una especie nueva de Tungurahua y clave para las especies de </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Magnolia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> de Ecuador. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Botanical Sciences</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 94: 593–602. https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.435</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Vázquez-García, J.A., Neill, D.A., Azanza, M., Pérez, Á.J., Dahua-Machoa, A., Merino-Santi, E., Delgado-Chaves, A.F. & Urbano-Apraez, S.M. (2017) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Magnolia mindoensis</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> (subsect. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Talauma</em></span><span lang="en-GB">, Magnoliaceae): una especie nueva del Chocó biogeográfico premontano en Colombia y Ecuador. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Brittonia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 69: 197–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-016-9449-x</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Vázquez-García, J.A., Muñiz-Castro, M.A., Dahua-Machoa, A., Osorio-Muñoz, E.A., Hernández-Vera, G., Ortega-Peña, A.S., Romo-Campos, R.L., Jacobo-Pereira, C., Álvarez, N. & Shalisko, V. (2021) </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>How to save endangered magnolias? From population biology to conservation action: the case of allopatric radiation in western Mexico </em></span><span lang="en-GB">[Online First], IntechOpen, London. 44 pp. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94346</span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-GB">Wang, Y., Liu, B., Nie, Z., Chen, H., Chen, F., Figlar, R.B. & Jun, W. (2020) Major clades and a revised classification of </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Magnolia</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> and Magnoliaceae based on whole plastid genome sequences via genome skimming. </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Journal of Systematics and Evolution</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> 58: 673–695. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12588</span></span></span></span></p>