Abstract
A novel phylogenetic hypothesis for Lachenalia (Asparagaceae; Scilloideae; Hyacintheae) based on multilocus DNA sequence data has revealed the existence of four morphologically, ecologically and/or geographically distinct species, and supports the elevation of three existing subspecies to the species level. The new species and combinations are presented here. The new species are Lachenalia komsbergensis from the Komsberg in the southern Great Karoo (Northern Cape), Lachenalia inflata from the Hantam-Roggeveld escarpment in the western Great Karoo (Northern Cape), Lachenalia granitica from the Cape West Coast (Western Cape) and Lachenalia filamentosa from the Cape West Coast, Breede River Valley and Overberg (Western Cape). The taxa elevated from subspecies to species level are Lachenalia rogersii (previously L. mediana subsp. rogersii) from the Breede River Valley (Western Cape), Lachenalia glaucina (previously L. orchioides subsp. glaucina) from the southern Cape Peninsula (Western Cape) and Lachenalia parviflora (previously L. orchioides subsp. parviflora) from the northeastern Cape Peninsula (Western Cape).
References
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<p>Barker, W.F. (1969) A new combination in <em>Lachenalia</em> with notes on the species. <em>Journal of South African Botany</em> 35: 321–322.</p>
<p>Barker, W.F. (1972) A new species of <em>Lachenalia</em> from the south-western Cape. <em>Journal of South African Botany</em> 38: 179–183.</p>
<p>Barker, W.F. (1989) New taxa and nomenclatural changes in <em>Lachenalia</em> (Liliaceae-Hyacinthoideae) from the Cape Province. <em>South African Journal of Botany</em> 55: 630–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(16)31134-6</p>
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<p>Engler, H.G.A. (1899) <em>Lachenalia</em> Jacq. <em>Notizblatt des Koniglichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin</em> 2: 321.</p>
<p>Glover, R. (1915) Flowering plants and ferns collected on the Great Karasburg by the Percy Sladen Memorial Expedition, 1912–1913. <em>In</em>: Pearson, H.H.W. (Ed.) <em>The Annals of the Bolus Herbarium</em> 1. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp: 97–114.</p>
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<p>Jacquin, N.J. (1791) <em>Collectanea</em> 3. C.F. Wappler, Vienna, 306 pp.</p>
<p>Jacquin, N.J. (1793–1794) <em>Icones Plantarum Rariorum </em>2. C.F. Wappler, Vienna, 454 pp.</p>
<p>Jacquin, N.J. (1797a) <em>Collectanea</em> 5. C.F. Wappler, Vienna, 171 pp.</p>
<p>Jacquin, N.J. (1797b) <em>Plantarum rariorum horti caesarei Schoenbrunnensis</em> 1. C.F. Wappler, Vienna, 70 pp.</p>
<p>Johnson, M.A.T. & Brandham, P.E. (1997) New chromosome numbers in petaloid monocotyledons and other miscellaneous angiosperms. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 52: 121–138. https://doi.org/10.2307/4117845</p>
<p>Kunth, C.S. (1843) <em>Enumeratio plantarum.</em> J.G. Cotta, Stuttgart, 752 pp.</p>
<p>Lemaire, C.A. (1855) <em>Miscellanées</em>. Du Genre <em>Lachenalia</em>. <em>L’Illustration Horticole </em>2: 99–100.</p>
<p>Leistner, O.A. & Morris, J.W. (1976) <em>Southern African place names</em>. <em>Annals of the Cape Provincial Museum</em> 12: 1–565.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum </em>1. L. Salvius, Stockholm, 560 pp.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1830) <em>Systema vegetabilium</em> 7 (2). J.G. Cotta, Stuttgart, 1816 pp.</p>
<p>Mucina, L. & Rutherford, M.C. (2006) <em>The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland</em>. Strelitzia 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 807 pp.</p>
<p>Murray, J.A. (1784) <em>Linnaeus systema vegetabilium</em>. Dieterich, Gottingen, 1004 pp.</p>
<p>Phillips, E.P. (1931) <em>Lachenalia longibracteata</em>. <em>The Flowering Plants of South Africa </em>11: t. 405.</p>
<p>Spies, J.J., Spies, P., Reinecke, S.M., Kleynhans, R., Duncan, G.D. & Edwards, T.J. (2008) <em>Lachenalia</em>. <em>In</em>: Marhold, K. (Ed.), IAPT/IOPB chromosome data 5, <em>Taxon</em> 57: 554–555. https://doi.org/10.2307/25066021</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2019) <em>Index Herbariorum</em>: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s virtual herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 4 December 2022)</p>
<p>Van Wyk, A.E. & Smith, G.F. (2001) <em>Regions of floristic endemism in southern Africa</em>. Umdaus Press, Hatfield, 199 pp.</p>
<p>APG II (2003) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Classification for the orders and families of flowering plants. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society </em>141: 399−436. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x</p>
<p>APG III (2009) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 161: 105–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x</p>
<p>Baker, J.G. (1871) A revision of the genera and species of herbaceous capsular gamophyllous Liliaceae. 17. <em>Lachenalia</em>. <em>Journal of the Linnean Society of Botany</em> 11: 349–410. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1870.tb00068.x</p>
<p>Baker, J.G. (1884) New lachenalias. <em>The Gardener’s Chronicle</em> 21 (series 2): 668.</p>
<p>Baker, J.G. (1897) <em>Lachenalia</em> Jacq. <em>In</em>: Thiselton-Dyer, W.T. (Ed.) <em>Flora Capensis. </em>Reeve & Co., London, pp. 421–436. https://doi.org/10.2307/4118265</p>
<p>Barker, W.F. (1949) <em>Plantae Novae Africanae</em>. <em>Journal of South African Botany </em>15: 37–39.</p>
<p>Barker, W.F. (1969) A new combination in <em>Lachenalia</em> with notes on the species. <em>Journal of South African Botany</em> 35: 321–322.</p>
<p>Barker, W.F. (1972) A new species of <em>Lachenalia</em> from the south-western Cape. <em>Journal of South African Botany</em> 38: 179–183.</p>
<p>Barker, W.F. (1989) New taxa and nomenclatural changes in <em>Lachenalia</em> (Liliaceae-Hyacinthoideae) from the Cape Province. <em>South African Journal of Botany</em> 55: 630–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(16)31134-6</p>
<p>Chase, M.W., Reveal, J.L. & Fay M.F. (2009) A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 161: 132–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x</p>
<p>Christenhusz, M.J.M., Fay, M.F. & Chase, M.W. (2017) <em>Plants of the World</em>. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 816 pp. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226536705.001.0001</p>
<p>Cirillo, D.M.L. (1788). <em>Plantarum rariorum regni Neapolitani </em>1. Naples, 39 pp.</p>
<p>Clark, V.R., Barker, N.P. & Mucina, L. (2011) The Roggeveldberge – notes on a botanically hot area on a cold corner of the Southern Great Escarpment, South Africa. <em>South African Journal of Botany</em> 77: 112–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2010.07.001</p>
<p>Duncan, G.D. (2005) Character variation and a cladistic analysis of the genus <em>Lachenalia</em> Jacq.f. ex Murray (Massonieae: Hyacinthaceae). Dissertation. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 339 pp. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.673.12</p>
<p>Duncan, G.D. (2012) <em>The genus Lachenalia</em>. <em>Botanical magazine monograph</em>. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 479 pp.</p>
<p>Duncan, G.D. (2017) Two new species, two rediscoveries and a range extension in <em>Lachenalia</em> (Asparagaceae: Scilloideae) from southern and western South Africa. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 316 (3): 261–270. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.5</p>
<p>Duncan, G.D. & Condy, G. (2013) <em>Lachenalia pearsonii</em>. <em>Flowering Plants of Africa</em> 63: 32–37.</p>
<p>Duncan, G.D., Edwards, T.J. & Mitchell, A. (2005) Character variation and a cladistic analysis of the genus <em>Lachenalia</em> Jacq.f. ex Murray (Massonieae: Hyacinthaceae). <em>Acta Horticulturae</em> 673: 113–120. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.673.12</p>
<p>Duncan, G.D., Schlichting, C.D., Forest, F., Ellis, A.G., Lemmon, A.R., Lemmon, E.M. & Verboom, G.A. (2022) A new sectional classification of <em>Lachenalia</em> (Asparagaceae) based on a multilocus DNA phylogeny. <em>Taxon</em> 71: 563–586. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12683</p>
<p>Engler, H.G.A. (1899) <em>Lachenalia</em> Jacq. <em>Notizblatt des Koniglichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin</em> 2: 321.</p>
<p>Glover, R. (1915) Flowering plants and ferns collected on the Great Karasburg by the Percy Sladen Memorial Expedition, 1912–1913. <em>In</em>: Pearson, H.H.W. (Ed.) <em>The Annals of the Bolus Herbarium</em> 1. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp: 97–114.</p>
<p>Jacquin, N.J. (1789) <em>Collectanea</em> 2. C.F. Wappler, Vienna, 374 pp.</p>
<p>Jacquin, N.J. (1791) <em>Collectanea</em> 3. C.F. Wappler, Vienna, 306 pp.</p>
<p>Jacquin, N.J. (1793–1794) <em>Icones Plantarum Rariorum </em>2. C.F. Wappler, Vienna, 454 pp.</p>
<p>Jacquin, N.J. (1797a) <em>Collectanea</em> 5. C.F. Wappler, Vienna, 171 pp.</p>
<p>Jacquin, N.J. (1797b) <em>Plantarum rariorum horti caesarei Schoenbrunnensis</em> 1. C.F. Wappler, Vienna, 70 pp.</p>
<p>Johnson, M.A.T. & Brandham, P.E. (1997) New chromosome numbers in petaloid monocotyledons and other miscellaneous angiosperms. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 52: 121–138. https://doi.org/10.2307/4117845</p>
<p>Kunth, C.S. (1843) <em>Enumeratio plantarum.</em> J.G. Cotta, Stuttgart, 752 pp.</p>
<p>Lemaire, C.A. (1855) <em>Miscellanées</em>. Du Genre <em>Lachenalia</em>. <em>L’Illustration Horticole </em>2: 99–100.</p>
<p>Leistner, O.A. & Morris, J.W. (1976) <em>Southern African place names</em>. <em>Annals of the Cape Provincial Museum</em> 12: 1–565.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum </em>1. L. Salvius, Stockholm, 560 pp.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1830) <em>Systema vegetabilium</em> 7 (2). J.G. Cotta, Stuttgart, 1816 pp.</p>
<p>Mucina, L. & Rutherford, M.C. (2006) <em>The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland</em>. Strelitzia 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 807 pp.</p>
<p>Murray, J.A. (1784) <em>Linnaeus systema vegetabilium</em>. Dieterich, Gottingen, 1004 pp.</p>
<p>Phillips, E.P. (1931) <em>Lachenalia longibracteata</em>. <em>The Flowering Plants of South Africa </em>11: t. 405.</p>
<p>Spies, J.J., Spies, P., Reinecke, S.M., Kleynhans, R., Duncan, G.D. & Edwards, T.J. (2008) <em>Lachenalia</em>. <em>In</em>: Marhold, K. (Ed.), IAPT/IOPB chromosome data 5, <em>Taxon</em> 57: 554–555. https://doi.org/10.2307/25066021</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2019) <em>Index Herbariorum</em>: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s virtual herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 4 December 2022)</p>
<p>Van Wyk, A.E. & Smith, G.F. (2001) <em>Regions of floristic endemism in southern Africa</em>. Umdaus Press, Hatfield, 199 pp.</p>