Abstract
A revision of the ginger genus Geostachys (Zingiberaceae: Alpinioideae: Alpinieae) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam is presented. Three species are formally recognised, all endemic to the area of study, including one new species from central Vietnam. Lectotypes are designated for G. annamensis and G. pierreana. The uncertainty about the type locality of G. pierreana is highlighted; the absence of this species in Thailand and Vietnam is demonstrated. The presence of Geostachys in Laos is discussed. The key to the species of the genus is provided. For each species, description, notes on etymology/eponymy, distribution, IUCN preliminary assessment, habitat and phenology, and taxonomy are given. The newly described species, G. aristata, is compared to the morphologically closest congener, G. annamensis, from which it differs by green leaf sheaths and ligules, greenish bracts and bracteoles with prominently aristate apices, prominently mucronate calyx lobes and labellum with crimson spots extending to the margins.
References
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Leong-Škorni?ková, J., Nguy?n, Q.B., Tr?n H.?. & Záveská, E. (2016) Etlingera poulsenii and Hornstedtia bella (Zingiberaceae: Alpinieae), two new species from central Vietnam. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 68 (2): 287–297. https://doi.org/10.3850/S2382581216000223
Leong-Škorni?ková, J., Tr?n, H.Ð., Nguy?n, Q.B., Hlavatá, K., L?u, H.T., Nguy?n, Q.Ð., Nguy?n, T.T. & Newman, M. (2019) The identity of Amomum trilobum and Amomum unifolium (Zingiberaceae: Alpinioideae), and description of four new related species from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 401 (3): 149–165. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.401.3.1
Lim, C.K. & Lau, K.H. (2006) A new Geostachys species from Maliau Basin, Sabah. Folia Malaysiana 7 (1&2): 33–40.
Mayoe, J. (2010) A new species of Geostachys Ridl. (Zingiberaceae) from Southern Thailand. Taiwania 55 (1): 8–12. https://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2010.55(1).8
McNeill, J. (2014) Holotype specimens and type citations: general issues. Taxon 63: 1112–1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/635.7
Miller, P. (1754) The Gardeners Dictionary, ed. 4, vol. 3. John and James Rivington, London, unpaginated. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.79061
Newman, M., Lhuillier, A. & Poulsen, A.D. (2004) Checklist of the Zingiberaceae of Malesia. Blumea Supplement 16: 1–166. [https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/603330/Blumea_supplement_16.pdf]
Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstong, K. (2007) A Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Lao PDR. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 394 pp.
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Picheansoonthon, C. & Mayoe, J. (2011) Geostachys tratensis (Zingiberaceae): A new species from Eastern Thailand. Journal of Japanese Botany 86: 133–138. [http://www.jjbotany.com/pdf/JJB_086_133_138_abstract.pdf]
POWO (2023) Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet. Available from: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ (accessed 20 January 2023)
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Ridley, H.N. (1909) The flora of the Telôm and Padang valleys. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 4: 1–98. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62879#page/13/mode/1up]
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Saensouk, P. & Saensouk, S. (2021) Taxonomic studies and three new records on genus Geostachys (Baker) Ridl. in Thailand. Biodiversitas 22 (7): 3057–3067. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220760
Stone, H.C. (1980) Additions to the Malayan flora. N. 7. A new Geostachys (Zingiberaceae) from Gunung Ulu Kali, Pahang. Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Science 6 (A): 75–81.
Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
Turner, I.M. (2000) The plant taxa of H.N. Ridley, 3. The Zingiberales. Asian Journal of Tropical Biology 4 (1): 1–47.
Valeton, T. (1921) Rhynchanthus Hook. f., Geanthus Reinw. and Geostachys Ridl. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg Ser. III, 3: 141–147. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/155654#page/159/mode/1up]
van Steenis-Kruseman, M.J. & van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (1950) Malaysian plant collectors and collections being a cyclopaedia of botanical exploration in Malaysia and a guide to the concerned literature up to the year 1950. In: van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (Ed.) Flora Malesiana, ser. 1, Spermatophyta, vol. 1. Hoordhoff-Kolff, Djakarta, pp. 1–639.
Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., de la Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. e-Infrastructures for data publishing in biodiversity science. ZooKeys 150: 117–126. (Version BETA)<sup>* </sup>https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109
Bai, L., Leong-Škorni?ková, J. & Xia, N. (2015) Taxonomic studies on Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) in China I: Zingiber kerrii and the synonymy of Z. menghaiense and Z. stipitatum. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 67 (1): 129–142. https://doi.org/10.3850/S2382581215000149
Baker, J.G. (1892) Alpinia. In: Hooker, J.D. (Ed.) Flora of British India, vol. 6. Reeve, London, pp. 252–257. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61981#page/7/mode/1up]
Baker, E.G., Moore, S., Rendle, A.B., Ridley, H.N. & Wernham, H.F. (1921) On plants from South Annam. The Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam 4 (3): 109–160. [https://thesiamsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/NHBSS_004_3c_Baker_OnPlantsFromSouthAn.pdf]
Beentje, H. (2016) The Kew Plant Glossary, an illustrated dictionary of plant terms (second edition). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 184 pp.
Cho, S.H., Chhang, P. & Kim, Y.D. (2016) A checklist for the seed plants of Cambodia. National Institute of Biological Resources, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, 272 pp.
Gagnepain, F. (1906a) Zingibéracées nouvelles de l’herbier du Muséum (15° note). Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 53 (2): 132–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1906.10831155
Gagnepain, F. (1906b) Notice biographique sur J.-B.-Louis Pierre. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 53 (1): 54–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1906.10831140
Gagnepain, F. (1908) Zingibéracées. In: Lecomte, H. (Ed.) Flore Générale de l’Indo-Chine, vol. 6. Masson and Co, Paris, pp. 25–121.
Holttum, R.E. (1950) The Zingiberaceae of the Malay Peninsula. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 13: 224–236. [https://www.nparks.gov.sg/sbg/research/publications/gardens’-bulletin-singapore/-/media/sbg/gardens-bulletin/4-4-13-0-01-y1950-v13-gbs-pg-1.ashx]
IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2022) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, version 15. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. [https://www. iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines]
Larsen, K. (1962) Studies in Zingiberaceae. The genus Geostachys in Thailand. Botanisk Tidsskrift 58: 43–46.
Larsen, K. (1986) Geostachys angustifolia sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany 6 (1): 31–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1986.tb00857.x
Larsen, K. (2001) Geostachys smitinandii K. Larsen (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 29: 17–22. [https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ThaiForestBulletin/article/view/24865]
Larsen, K., Lock, J.M., Maas, H. & Maas, P.J.M. (1998) Zingiberaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. (Ed.) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol 4. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 474–495. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03531-3_49
Lau, K.H. & Lim, C.K. (2012) Revision of the genus Geostachys (Zingiberaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Folia Malaysiana 13 (1): 7–42.
Lau, K.H., Lim, C.K. & Mat-Salleh, K. (2007) Materials for a taxonomic revision of Geostachys (Baker) Ridl. (Zingiberaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 59 (1&2): 129–138. [https://www.nparks.gov.sg/sbg/research/publications/gardens’-bulletin-singapore/-/media/sbg/gardens-bulletin/4-4-59-1-2-13-y2007-v59-p1-p2-gbs-pg-129.ashx]
Leong-Škorni?ková, J. & Newman, M.F. (2015) Gingers of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, in association with Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and Pha Tad Ke Botanical Garden, Singapore, 229 pp.
Leong-Škorni?ková, J., Nguy?n, Q.B., Tr?n H.?. & Záveská, E. (2016) Etlingera poulsenii and Hornstedtia bella (Zingiberaceae: Alpinieae), two new species from central Vietnam. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 68 (2): 287–297. https://doi.org/10.3850/S2382581216000223
Leong-Škorni?ková, J., Tr?n, H.Ð., Nguy?n, Q.B., Hlavatá, K., L?u, H.T., Nguy?n, Q.Ð., Nguy?n, T.T. & Newman, M. (2019) The identity of Amomum trilobum and Amomum unifolium (Zingiberaceae: Alpinioideae), and description of four new related species from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 401 (3): 149–165. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.401.3.1
Lim, C.K. & Lau, K.H. (2006) A new Geostachys species from Maliau Basin, Sabah. Folia Malaysiana 7 (1&2): 33–40.
Mayoe, J. (2010) A new species of Geostachys Ridl. (Zingiberaceae) from Southern Thailand. Taiwania 55 (1): 8–12. https://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2010.55(1).8
McNeill, J. (2014) Holotype specimens and type citations: general issues. Taxon 63: 1112–1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/635.7
Miller, P. (1754) The Gardeners Dictionary, ed. 4, vol. 3. John and James Rivington, London, unpaginated. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.79061
Newman, M., Lhuillier, A. & Poulsen, A.D. (2004) Checklist of the Zingiberaceae of Malesia. Blumea Supplement 16: 1–166. [https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/603330/Blumea_supplement_16.pdf]
Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstong, K. (2007) A Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Lao PDR. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 394 pp.
Nguy?n, Q.B. (2005) 245. Zingiberaceae Lindl. 1835. – H? G?ng. In: Nguy?n, T.B. (Ed.) Checklist of Plant Species of Vietnam, Vol. 3. Agriculture Publishing House, Hanoi, pp. 487–587. [in Vietnamese]
Nguy?n, Q.B. (2017) Flora of Vietnam 21: Zingiberaceae Lindl. Publishing House for Science and Technology, Hanoi, 469 pp. [in Vietnamese]
Olander, S.B. (2019a) Geostachys annamensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T117327020A124282492. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T117327020A124282492.en.
Olander, S.B. (2019b) Geostachys pierreana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T117327601A124282562. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T117327601A124282562.en.
Ph?m, H.H. (2003) Cây c? Vi?t Nam, an illustrated Flora of Vietnam. Vol. 3. Youth Publication, Ho Chi Minh City, 1020 pp. [in Vietnamese]
Picheansoonthon, C. & Mayoe, J. (2011) Geostachys tratensis (Zingiberaceae): A new species from Eastern Thailand. Journal of Japanese Botany 86: 133–138. [http://www.jjbotany.com/pdf/JJB_086_133_138_abstract.pdf]
POWO (2023) Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet. Available from: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ (accessed 20 January 2023)
Ridley, H.N. (1899) The Scitamineae of the Malay Peninsula. Journal of the Straits Branch Royal Asiatic Society 32: 85–184. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130396#page/9/mode/1up]
Ridley, H.N. (1909) The flora of the Telôm and Padang valleys. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 4: 1–98. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/62879#page/13/mode/1up]
Roxburgh, W. (1820) Plants of the coast of Coromandel, Vol. 3. W. Bulmer and Co., London. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.467
Saensouk, P. & Saensouk, S. (2021) Taxonomic studies and three new records on genus Geostachys (Baker) Ridl. in Thailand. Biodiversitas 22 (7): 3057–3067. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220760
Stone, H.C. (1980) Additions to the Malayan flora. N. 7. A new Geostachys (Zingiberaceae) from Gunung Ulu Kali, Pahang. Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Science 6 (A): 75–81.
Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
Turner, I.M. (2000) The plant taxa of H.N. Ridley, 3. The Zingiberales. Asian Journal of Tropical Biology 4 (1): 1–47.
Valeton, T. (1921) Rhynchanthus Hook. f., Geanthus Reinw. and Geostachys Ridl. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg Ser. III, 3: 141–147. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/155654#page/159/mode/1up]
van Steenis-Kruseman, M.J. & van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (1950) Malaysian plant collectors and collections being a cyclopaedia of botanical exploration in Malaysia and a guide to the concerned literature up to the year 1950. In: van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (Ed.) Flora Malesiana, ser. 1, Spermatophyta, vol. 1. Hoordhoff-Kolff, Djakarta, pp. 1–639.