Abstract
Pseudocercospora morigena (Mycosphaerellaceae, Mycosphaerellales) was discovered causing severe foliar leaf spot disease of Morus alba. Identity of the new species is based on morphology, culture characteristics and molecular analyses from three gene regions, internal transcribed spacer regions with intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (TEF1-α) and actin gene (ACT). Morphologically, the present species differs from the allied species reported on the same host genus by the presence of superficial mycelium giving rise to solitary conidiophore, stromata filling stomatal opening and geniculate conidiophores.
References
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Chen, K.L. & Kirschner R. (2018) Fungi from leaves of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). Mycological Progress 17: 275–293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-017-1324-y
Chen, Y.J., Jayawardena, R.S., Bhunjun, C.S., Harishchandra, D. & Hyde, K.D. (2020) Pseudocercospora dypsidis sp. nov. (Mycosphaerellaceae) on Dypsis lutescens leaves in Thailand. Phytotaxa 474 (3): 218–234. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.474.3.2
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Singh, R., Bagachi, A., Semwal, A., Kaur, S. & Bharadwaj, A. (2013) Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Morus alba Linn.: A review. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 7 (9): 461–469.
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Singh, A., Kumar, S., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2012) A new species of Corynespora causing foliar disease on Ficus religiosa from forest flora of Sonebhadra, Uttar Pardesh, India. Mycosphere 3 (5): 890–892. https://doi.org/10.5943 /mycosphere/3/6/2
Singh, A., Kumar, S. & Dubey, N.K. (2013) Corynespora clerodendrigena sp.nov. causing foliar disease on Clerodendrum viscosum from Sonebhadra forest of Uttar Pradesh, India. Plant Pathology and Quarantine 3 (1): 15–17. https://doi.org/10.5943/ppq/3/1/3
Singh, A., Kumar, S., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2014) A new species of Corynespora from Sonebhadra forest of Uttar Pradesh, India. Current Research in Environment and Applied Mycology 4 (1): 149–151. https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/4/1/14
Singh, A., Singh, N.K., Singh, P.N., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2019) Additions to Ochroconis from India. Phytotaxa 427 (3): 186–199. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.427.3.2
Singh, A., Singh, P.N. & Dubey, N.K. (2021) Phylogeny and taxonomy of Pseudocercospora from India. Turkish Journal of Botany 45 (2): 172–180. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-2012-27.
Singh, A., Singh, P.N. & Dubey, N.K. (2022a) Morphology and Phylogeny of a new species Pseudocercospora rauvolfiicola on medicinal plant Rauvolfia serpentina from Sonebhadra Forest, Uttar Pradesh, India. Phytotaxa 545 (2): 128–138. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.545.2.2
Singh, A., Yadav, S., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2022b) Taxonomy and Phylogeny of a new species of Pseudocercospora on Solanum nigrum from India. Turkish Journal of Botany 46: 507–516. https://doi:10.55730/1300-008X.2726
Spegazzini, C. (1910) Mycetes Argentinenses (Series V), 20. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Buenos Aires, pp. 329–467.
Srivastava, S.L. & Topal, R. (1985) A new species of Pseudocercospora from Garhwal Himalayas. Acta Botanica Indica 13 (1): 111–112.
Stöver, B.C. & Müller, K.F. (2010) TreeGraph 2: Combining and visualizing evidence from different phylogenetic analyses. BMC Bioinformatics 11: 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-7
Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. & Kumar, S. (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution 28: 2731–2739. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121
Verma, R.K. & Kamal (1991) Some new species of Pseudocercospora. Indian Phytopathology 44 (4): 443–446.
Villesen, P. (2007) FaBox: an online tool box for FASTA sequences. Molecular Ecology Notes 7 (6): 965–968. https://doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01821.x
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylognetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, J.W. (Eds.) A guide to molecular methods and applications. Academic Press, New York, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Braun, U. (1995) A monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and allied genera (Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes). Ihw-Verlag Eching, Germany.
Braun, U. (1997) Cercosporoid fungi from Russia and adjacent countries, 20. Trudy Botanicheskogo Instituta Imeni V.L. Komarova, Rossijskaya Akademiya Nauk St. Petersburg, pp. 1–130.
Braun, U. & Urtiaga. R. (2012) New species and new records of cercosporoid hyphomycetes from Cuba and Venezuela (Part 1). Mycosphere 3: 301–329. https://doi 10.5943/mycosphere/3/3/5
Carbone, I. & Kohn, L.M. (1999) A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. Mycologia 93 (3): 553–556. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.12061051
Chen, K.L. & Kirschner R. (2018) Fungi from leaves of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). Mycological Progress 17: 275–293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-017-1324-y
Chen, Y.J., Jayawardena, R.S., Bhunjun, C.S., Harishchandra, D. & Hyde, K.D. (2020) Pseudocercospora dypsidis sp. nov. (Mycosphaerellaceae) on Dypsis lutescens leaves in Thailand. Phytotaxa 474 (3): 218–234. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.474.3.2
Crous, P.W., Aptroot, A., Kang, J.C., Braun, U. & Wingfield, M.J. (2000) The genus Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs. Studies in Mycology 45: 107–121.
Crous, P.W. & Braun, U. (2003) Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs: 1. Names published in Cercospora and Passalora, Series 1. CBS Biodiversity, 571 pp.
Crous, P.W., Gams, W., Stalpers, J.A., Robert, V. & Stegehuis, G. (2004) MycoBank: an online initiative to launch mycology into the 21st century. Studies in Mycology 50: 19–22.
Crous, P.W., Summerell, B.A., Carnegie A.J., Wingfield, M.J., Hunter, G.C., Burgess, T.I., Andjic, V., Barber, P.A. & Groenewald J.Z. (2009) Unravelling Mycosphaerella: do you believe in genera? Persoonia 23: 99–118. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158509X479487
Crous, P.W., Braun, U., Hunter, G.C., Wingfield, M.J., Verkley, G.J.M., Shin, H.D., Nakashima, C. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2013) Phylogenetic lineages in Pseudocercospora. Studies in Mycology 75: 37–114. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0005
Deighton, F.C. (1976) Studies on Cercospora and allied genera. VI. Pseudocercospora Speg., Pantospora Cif. and Cercoseptoria Petr. Mycological Papers 140: 1–168.
Jiao, Y., Wang, X., Jiang, X., Kong, F., Wang, S. & Yan, C. (2017) Antidiabetic effects of Morus alba fruit polysaccharides on high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 199: 119–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.003
Kamal (2010) Cercosporoid fungi of India. Bishan Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh Publication, Dehradun (UK), India. 160 pp.
Kumar, S., Singh, A., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2013) Corynespora bombacina causing foliar disease on Bombax ceiba from Sonebhadra forest of Uttar Pradesh India. Canadian Journal of Plant Protection 1 (2): 76–77. https://doi.org/10.5943/ppq/3/1/3
Rambaut, A. (2018) FigTree version 1.4.4. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 5 May 2021)
Rao, H.S.G., Narayan, S. & Srivastava, P. (1997) New species of Pseudocercospora associated with foliar spots in forest of Nepal Himalaya. Journal of Living World 4 (2): 23–32.
Rodrigues, E.L., Marcelino, G., Silva, G.T., Figueiredo, P.S., Garcez, W.S., Corsino, J., Guimarães, R.C.A. & Freitas, K.C. (2019) Nutraceutical and medicinal potential of the Morus species in metabolic dysfunctions. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20: 301. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020301
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Mark, P.V.D., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, H., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Singh, A. (2012) New report of Pseudocercospora Speg. on some medicinal plants from Sonebhadra forest UP. Biological forum- An International Journal 4 (1): 9–13.
Singh, R., Bagachi, A., Semwal, A., Kaur, S. & Bharadwaj, A. (2013) Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Morus alba Linn.: A review. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 7 (9): 461–469.
Singh, A. & Dubey, N.K. (2012) An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Sonebhadra District of Uttar Pradesh, India with reference to their infection by foliar fungi. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 6 (14): 2727–2746. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR10.895
Singh, A., Kumar, S., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2012) A new species of Corynespora causing foliar disease on Ficus religiosa from forest flora of Sonebhadra, Uttar Pardesh, India. Mycosphere 3 (5): 890–892. https://doi.org/10.5943 /mycosphere/3/6/2
Singh, A., Kumar, S. & Dubey, N.K. (2013) Corynespora clerodendrigena sp.nov. causing foliar disease on Clerodendrum viscosum from Sonebhadra forest of Uttar Pradesh, India. Plant Pathology and Quarantine 3 (1): 15–17. https://doi.org/10.5943/ppq/3/1/3
Singh, A., Kumar, S., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2014) A new species of Corynespora from Sonebhadra forest of Uttar Pradesh, India. Current Research in Environment and Applied Mycology 4 (1): 149–151. https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/4/1/14
Singh, A., Singh, N.K., Singh, P.N., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2019) Additions to Ochroconis from India. Phytotaxa 427 (3): 186–199. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.427.3.2
Singh, A., Singh, P.N. & Dubey, N.K. (2021) Phylogeny and taxonomy of Pseudocercospora from India. Turkish Journal of Botany 45 (2): 172–180. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-2012-27.
Singh, A., Singh, P.N. & Dubey, N.K. (2022a) Morphology and Phylogeny of a new species Pseudocercospora rauvolfiicola on medicinal plant Rauvolfia serpentina from Sonebhadra Forest, Uttar Pradesh, India. Phytotaxa 545 (2): 128–138. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.545.2.2
Singh, A., Yadav, S., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2022b) Taxonomy and Phylogeny of a new species of Pseudocercospora on Solanum nigrum from India. Turkish Journal of Botany 46: 507–516. https://doi:10.55730/1300-008X.2726
Spegazzini, C. (1910) Mycetes Argentinenses (Series V), 20. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Buenos Aires, pp. 329–467.
Srivastava, S.L. & Topal, R. (1985) A new species of Pseudocercospora from Garhwal Himalayas. Acta Botanica Indica 13 (1): 111–112.
Stöver, B.C. & Müller, K.F. (2010) TreeGraph 2: Combining and visualizing evidence from different phylogenetic analyses. BMC Bioinformatics 11: 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-7
Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. & Kumar, S. (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution 28: 2731–2739. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121
Verma, R.K. & Kamal (1991) Some new species of Pseudocercospora. Indian Phytopathology 44 (4): 443–446.
Villesen, P. (2007) FaBox: an online tool box for FASTA sequences. Molecular Ecology Notes 7 (6): 965–968. https://doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01821.x
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylognetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, J.W. (Eds.) A guide to molecular methods and applications. Academic Press, New York, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1