Abstract
Pseudocercospora morigena (Mycosphaerellaceae, Mycosphaerellales) was discovered causing severe foliar leaf spot disease of Morus alba. Identity of the new species is based on morphology, culture characteristics and molecular analyses from three gene regions, internal transcribed spacer regions with intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (TEF1-α) and actin gene (ACT). Morphologically, the present species differs from the allied species reported on the same host genus by the presence of superficial mycelium giving rise to solitary conidiophore, stromata filling stomatal opening and geniculate conidiophores.
References
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<p>Chen, K.L. & Kirschner R. (2018) Fungi from leaves of lotus (<em>Nelumbo nucifera). Mycological Progress </em>17: 275–293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-017-1324-y</p>
<p>Chen, Y.J., Jayawardena, R.S., Bhunjun, C.S., Harishchandra, D. & Hyde, K.D. (2020) <em>Pseudocercospora dypsidis sp. nov<strong>.</strong></em> (Mycosphaerellaceae) on Dypsis lutescens leaves in Thailand. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 474 (3): 218–234. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.474.3.2</p>
<p>Crous, P.W., Aptroot, A., Kang, J.C., Braun, U. & Wingfield, M.J. (2000) The genus <em>Mycosphaerella </em>and its anamorphs. <em>Studies in Mycology</em> 45: 107–121.</p>
<p>Crous, P.W. & Braun, U. (2003) <em>Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs: 1. Names published in Cercospora and Passalora, </em>Series 1<em>. </em>CBS Biodiversity, 571 pp.</p>
<p>Crous, P.W., Gams, W., Stalpers, J.A., Robert, V. & Stegehuis, G. (2004) MycoBank: an online initiative to launch mycology into the 21st century. <em>Studies in Mycology</em> 50: 19–22.</p>
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<p>Rao, H.S.G., Narayan, S. & Srivastava, P. (1997) New species of <em>Pseudocercospora</em> associated with foliar spots in forest of Nepal Himalaya. <em>Journal of Living World</em> 4 (2): 23–32.</p>
<p>Rodrigues, E.L., Marcelino, G., Silva, G.T., Figueiredo, P.S., Garcez, W.S., Corsino, J., Guimarães, R.C.A. & Freitas, K.C. (2019) Nutraceutical and medicinal potential of the <em>Morus</em> species in metabolic dysfunctions. <em>International Journal of Molecular Sciences</em> 20: 301. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020301</p>
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<p>Singh, A. (2012) New report of <em>Pseudocercospora </em>Speg. on some medicinal plants from Sonebhadra forest UP. <em>Biological forum- An International Journal</em> 4 (1): 9–13.</p>
<p> Singh, R., Bagachi, A., Semwal, A., Kaur, S. & Bharadwaj, A. (2013) Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of <em>Morus alba</em> Linn.: A review. <em>Journal of Medicinal Plants Research</em> 7 (9): 461–469.</p>
<p>Singh, A. & Dubey, N.K. (2012) An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Sonebhadra District of Uttar Pradesh, India with reference to their infection by foliar fungi. <em>Journal of</em> <em>Medicinal Plants Research</em> 6 (14): 2727–2746. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR10.895</p>
<p>Singh, A., Kumar, S., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2012) A new species of <em>Corynespora</em> causing foliar disease on <em>Ficus religiosa</em> from forest flora of Sonebhadra, Uttar Pardesh, India. <em>Mycosphere</em> 3 (5): 890–892. https://doi.org/10.5943 /mycosphere/3/6/2</p>
<p>Singh, A., Kumar, S. & Dubey, N.K. (2013) <em>Corynespora clerodendrigena sp.nov.</em> causing foliar disease on <em>Clerodendrum viscosum</em> from Sonebhadra forest of Uttar Pradesh, India. <em>Plant Pathology and Quarantine</em> 3 (1): 15–17. https://doi.org/10.5943/ppq/3/1/3</p>
<p>Singh, A., Kumar, S., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2014) A new species of <em>Corynespora</em> from Sonebhadra forest of Uttar Pradesh, India. <em>Current Research in Environment and Applied Mycology</em> 4 (1): 149–151. https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/4/1/14</p>
<p>Singh, A., Singh, N.K., Singh, P.N., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2019) Additions to <em>Ochroconis</em> from India. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 427 (3): 186–199. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.427.3.2</p>
<p>Singh, A., Singh, P.N. & Dubey, N.K. (2021) Phylogeny and taxonomy of <em>Pseudocercospora</em> from India. <em>Turkish Journal of Botany</em> 45 (2): 172–180. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-2012-27.</p>
<p>Singh, A., Singh, P.N. & Dubey, N.K. (2022a) Morphology and Phylogeny of a new species <em>Pseudocercospora rauvolfiicola</em> on medicinal plant <em>Rauvolfia serpentina </em>from Sonebhadra Forest, Uttar Pradesh, India. <em>Phytotaxa </em>545 (2): 128–138. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.545.2.2 </p>
<p>Singh, A., Yadav, S., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2022b) Taxonomy and Phylogeny of a new species of <em>Pseudocercospora</em> on <em>Solanum nigrum </em>from India. <em>Turkish Journal of Botany</em> 46: 507–516. https://doi:10.55730/1300-008X.2726</p>
<p>Spegazzini, C. (1910) <em>Mycetes Argentinenses (Series V), </em>20<em>.</em> Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Buenos Aires, pp. 329–467.</p>
<p>Srivastava, S.L. & Topal, R. (1985) A new species of <em>Pseudocercospora </em>from Garhwal Himalayas. <em>Acta Botanica Indica</em> 13 (1): 111–112.</p>
<p>Stöver, B.C. & Müller, K.F. (2010) TreeGraph 2: Combining and visualizing evidence from different phylogenetic analyses. <em>BMC Bioinformatics</em> 11: 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-7</p>
<p>Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. & Kumar, S. (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution </em>28: 2731–2739. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121</p>
<p>Verma, R.K. & Kamal (1991) Some new species of <em>Pseudocercospora</em>. <em>Indian Phytopathology</em> 44 (4): 443–446.</p>
<p>Villesen, P. (2007) FaBox: an online tool box for FASTA sequences. <em>Molecular Ecology Notes</em> 7 (6): 965–968. https://doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01821.x</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylognetics. <em>In: </em>Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, J.W. (Eds.) <em>A guide to molecular methods and applications</em>. Academic Press, New York, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Braun, U. (1995) <em>A monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and allied genera (Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes)</em>. Ihw-Verlag Eching, Germany.</p>
<p>Braun, U. (1997) <em>Cercosporoid fungi from Russia and adjacent countries, </em>20. Trudy Botanicheskogo Instituta Imeni V.L. Komarova, Rossijskaya Akademiya Nauk St. Petersburg, pp. 1–130.</p>
<p>Braun, U. & Urtiaga. R. (2012) New species and new records of cercosporoid hyphomycetes from Cuba and Venezuela (Part 1). <em>Mycosphere</em> 3: 301–329. https://doi 10.5943/mycosphere/3/3/5</p>
<p>Carbone, I. & Kohn, L.M. (1999) A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. <em>Mycologia</em> 93 (3): 553–556. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.12061051</p>
<p>Chen, K.L. & Kirschner R. (2018) Fungi from leaves of lotus (<em>Nelumbo nucifera). Mycological Progress </em>17: 275–293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-017-1324-y</p>
<p>Chen, Y.J., Jayawardena, R.S., Bhunjun, C.S., Harishchandra, D. & Hyde, K.D. (2020) <em>Pseudocercospora dypsidis sp. nov<strong>.</strong></em> (Mycosphaerellaceae) on Dypsis lutescens leaves in Thailand. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 474 (3): 218–234. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.474.3.2</p>
<p>Crous, P.W., Aptroot, A., Kang, J.C., Braun, U. & Wingfield, M.J. (2000) The genus <em>Mycosphaerella </em>and its anamorphs. <em>Studies in Mycology</em> 45: 107–121.</p>
<p>Crous, P.W. & Braun, U. (2003) <em>Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs: 1. Names published in Cercospora and Passalora, </em>Series 1<em>. </em>CBS Biodiversity, 571 pp.</p>
<p>Crous, P.W., Gams, W., Stalpers, J.A., Robert, V. & Stegehuis, G. (2004) MycoBank: an online initiative to launch mycology into the 21st century. <em>Studies in Mycology</em> 50: 19–22.</p>
<p>Crous, P.W., Summerell, B.A., Carnegie A.J., Wingfield, M.J., Hunter, G.C., Burgess, T.I., Andjic, V., Barber, P.A. & Groenewald J.Z. (2009) Unravelling <em>Mycosphaerella</em>: do you believe in genera? <em>Persoonia</em> 23: 99–118. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158509X479487</p>
<p>Crous, P.W., Braun, U., Hunter, G.C., Wingfield, M.J., Verkley, G.J.M., Shin, H.D., Nakashima, C. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2013) Phylogenetic lineages in <em>Pseudocercospora</em>. <em>Studies in Mycology</em> 75: 37–114. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0005</p>
<p>Deighton, F.C. (1976) Studies on <em>Cercospora </em>and allied genera. VI. <em>Pseudocercospora </em>Speg., <em>Pantospora </em>Cif. and <em>Cercoseptoria </em>Petr. <em>Mycological Papers</em> 140: 1–168.</p>
<p>Jiao, Y., Wang, X., Jiang, X., Kong, F., Wang, S. & Yan, C. (2017) Antidiabetic effects of <em>Morus alba</em> fruit polysaccharides on high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes in rats. <em>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</em> 199: 119–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.003</p>
<p>Kamal (2010) <em>Cercosporoid fungi of India</em>. Bishan Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh Publication, Dehradun (UK), India. 160 pp.</p>
<p>Kumar, S., Singh, A., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2013) <em>Corynespora bombacina </em>causing foliar disease on <em>Bombax ceiba </em>from Sonebhadra forest of Uttar Pradesh India. <em>Canadian Journal of Plant Protection</em> 1 (2): 76–77. https://doi.org/10.5943/ppq/3/1/3</p>
<p>Rambaut, A. (2018) <em>FigTree</em> version 1.4.4. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 5 May 2021)</p>
<p>Rao, H.S.G., Narayan, S. & Srivastava, P. (1997) New species of <em>Pseudocercospora</em> associated with foliar spots in forest of Nepal Himalaya. <em>Journal of Living World</em> 4 (2): 23–32.</p>
<p>Rodrigues, E.L., Marcelino, G., Silva, G.T., Figueiredo, P.S., Garcez, W.S., Corsino, J., Guimarães, R.C.A. & Freitas, K.C. (2019) Nutraceutical and medicinal potential of the <em>Morus</em> species in metabolic dysfunctions. <em>International Journal of Molecular Sciences</em> 20: 301. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020301</p>
<p>Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Mark, P.V.D., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, H., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</p>
<p>Singh, A. (2012) New report of <em>Pseudocercospora </em>Speg. on some medicinal plants from Sonebhadra forest UP. <em>Biological forum- An International Journal</em> 4 (1): 9–13.</p>
<p> Singh, R., Bagachi, A., Semwal, A., Kaur, S. & Bharadwaj, A. (2013) Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of <em>Morus alba</em> Linn.: A review. <em>Journal of Medicinal Plants Research</em> 7 (9): 461–469.</p>
<p>Singh, A. & Dubey, N.K. (2012) An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Sonebhadra District of Uttar Pradesh, India with reference to their infection by foliar fungi. <em>Journal of</em> <em>Medicinal Plants Research</em> 6 (14): 2727–2746. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR10.895</p>
<p>Singh, A., Kumar, S., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2012) A new species of <em>Corynespora</em> causing foliar disease on <em>Ficus religiosa</em> from forest flora of Sonebhadra, Uttar Pardesh, India. <em>Mycosphere</em> 3 (5): 890–892. https://doi.org/10.5943 /mycosphere/3/6/2</p>
<p>Singh, A., Kumar, S. & Dubey, N.K. (2013) <em>Corynespora clerodendrigena sp.nov.</em> causing foliar disease on <em>Clerodendrum viscosum</em> from Sonebhadra forest of Uttar Pradesh, India. <em>Plant Pathology and Quarantine</em> 3 (1): 15–17. https://doi.org/10.5943/ppq/3/1/3</p>
<p>Singh, A., Kumar, S., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2014) A new species of <em>Corynespora</em> from Sonebhadra forest of Uttar Pradesh, India. <em>Current Research in Environment and Applied Mycology</em> 4 (1): 149–151. https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/4/1/14</p>
<p>Singh, A., Singh, N.K., Singh, P.N., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2019) Additions to <em>Ochroconis</em> from India. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 427 (3): 186–199. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.427.3.2</p>
<p>Singh, A., Singh, P.N. & Dubey, N.K. (2021) Phylogeny and taxonomy of <em>Pseudocercospora</em> from India. <em>Turkish Journal of Botany</em> 45 (2): 172–180. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-2012-27.</p>
<p>Singh, A., Singh, P.N. & Dubey, N.K. (2022a) Morphology and Phylogeny of a new species <em>Pseudocercospora rauvolfiicola</em> on medicinal plant <em>Rauvolfia serpentina </em>from Sonebhadra Forest, Uttar Pradesh, India. <em>Phytotaxa </em>545 (2): 128–138. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.545.2.2 </p>
<p>Singh, A., Yadav, S., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2022b) Taxonomy and Phylogeny of a new species of <em>Pseudocercospora</em> on <em>Solanum nigrum </em>from India. <em>Turkish Journal of Botany</em> 46: 507–516. https://doi:10.55730/1300-008X.2726</p>
<p>Spegazzini, C. (1910) <em>Mycetes Argentinenses (Series V), </em>20<em>.</em> Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Buenos Aires, pp. 329–467.</p>
<p>Srivastava, S.L. & Topal, R. (1985) A new species of <em>Pseudocercospora </em>from Garhwal Himalayas. <em>Acta Botanica Indica</em> 13 (1): 111–112.</p>
<p>Stöver, B.C. & Müller, K.F. (2010) TreeGraph 2: Combining and visualizing evidence from different phylogenetic analyses. <em>BMC Bioinformatics</em> 11: 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-7</p>
<p>Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. & Kumar, S. (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution </em>28: 2731–2739. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121</p>
<p>Verma, R.K. & Kamal (1991) Some new species of <em>Pseudocercospora</em>. <em>Indian Phytopathology</em> 44 (4): 443–446.</p>
<p>Villesen, P. (2007) FaBox: an online tool box for FASTA sequences. <em>Molecular Ecology Notes</em> 7 (6): 965–968. https://doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01821.x</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylognetics. <em>In: </em>Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, J.W. (Eds.) <em>A guide to molecular methods and applications</em>. Academic Press, New York, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>