Abstract
Mallomonas fragariformis sp. nov. is described from Viet Nam based on silica-scale morphology studied by means of transmission and scanning electron microscopy. This species belongs to the Mallomonas mangofera species complex and is characterized by small scales ornamented with large papillae placed in shallow pits and stout four-edged serrated spines on the rear scales. Scales of Mallomonas fragariformis were found in eight localities from six provinces of Central and Southern Viet Nam. Also scales of this species have previously been reported from Java Island in Indonesia. The distribution and habitat conditions of the new species are summarized.
References
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<p>Čertnerová, D., Čertner, M. & Škaloud, P. (2019) Molecular phylogeny and evolution of phenotype in silica-scaled chrysophyte genus <em>Mallomonas</em>. <em>Journal of Phycology </em>55: 912–923. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.12882</p>
<p>Doan-Nhu, H., Tinh, T.T., Gusev, E.S., Kulikovskiy, M.S., Phan-Tan, L. & Nguyen-Ngoc, L. (2021) Taxonomic composition of silica-scaled chrysophytes in a tropical mountain reservoir. <em>Inland Water Biology</em> 14; 490–499. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082921050060</p>
<p>Dürrschmidt, M. (1983) A taxonomic study of the <em>Mallomonas mangofera</em> group (Mallomonadaceae, Chrysophyceae), including the description of four new taxa. <em>Plant Systematics and Evolution</em> 143: 175–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00986377 </p>
<p>Dürrschmidt, M. & Croome, R. (1985) Mallomonadaceae (Chrysophyceae) from Malaysia and Australia. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany </em>5: 285–298. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1985.tb01657.x</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S. (2012) A new species of the genus <em>Mallomonas </em>(Synurophyceae), <em>Mallomonas spinosa sp. nov.</em>, from Vietnam. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 66: 1–5. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.66.1.1 </p>
<p>Gusev, E.S. (2013) Studies on synurophycean algae from mangrove wetlands (Vietnam). <em>Nova Hedwigia Beiheft</em> 142: 87–95.</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S. (2015) A new species of the genus <em>Mallomonas</em> (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), <em>Mallomonas fimbriata </em>sp. nov. <em>Phytotaxa </em>195 (4): 291–296. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.195.4.4 </p>
<p>Gusev, E.S. & Nguyen, T.H.T. (2011) Silica-scaled chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae) from Vietnam (Khanh Hoa and Quang Nam provinces). <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 93: 191–199. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2011/0093-0191</p>
<p>Gusev, E. & Kezlya, E. (2021) <em>Mallomonas lusca sp. nov. </em>(Synurales, Chrysophyceae)—a rare species from Southeast Asia. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 529 (1): 105–112. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.529.1.8</p>
<p>Gusev, E. & Kulikovskiy, M. (2021) <em>Mallomonas siderea sp. nov. </em>(Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a new tropical species from the section <em>Torquatae</em>. <em>Nova Hedwigia </em>113: 291–301. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2021/0655</p>
<p>Gusev, E. & Martynenko, N. (2022) Diversity of Silica—Scaled Chrysophytes in Central Vietnam. <em>Water</em> 14: 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14010065</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S. & Siver, P.A. (2017) <em>Mallomonas neoampla </em>sp. nov. from Vietnam, a new species that bridges the gap between fossil and modern taxa. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 104: 521–528. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2016/0389 </p>
<p>Gusev, E.S., Doan-Nhu, H. & Nguyen-Ngoc, L. (2017) Silica-scaled chrysophytes from Cat Tien National Park (Dong Nai Province, Viet Nam). <em>Nova Hedwigia </em>105: 347–364. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2017/0416</p>
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<p>Gusev, E., Guseva, E., Kezlya, E. & Kulikovskiy, M. (2019b) <em>Mallomonas minuscula</em> sp. nov. (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a new member in the section <em>Torquatae</em> from Vietnam. <em>Fottea</em> 19: 132–137. https://doi.org/10.5507/fot.2019.004</p>
<p>Gusev, E., Kulizin, P., Guseva, E., Shkurina, N. & Kulikovskiy, M. (2019c) <em>Mallomonas lamii</em> sp. nov. (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a New Species Bearing Large Scales Described from the Tropics. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 423: 266–272. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.423.4.5</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S., Gusakov, V.A., Guseva, E.E., Kulikovskiy, M.S., Tsvetkov, A.I. & Dịnh, C.N. (2020) Flora of Silica-Scaled Chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae: Synurales, Paraphysomonadales) of the Mekong Delta. <em>Inland Water Biology</em> 13: 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995082920020224 </p>
<p>Gusev, E., Martynenko, N. & Tran, H. (2021a) Studies on Algae from the Order Synurales (Chrysophyceae) in Northern Vietnam. <em>Diversity</em> 13: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/d13110602.</p>
<p>Gusev, E., Shkurina, N. & Kulikovskiy, M. (2021b) <em>Mallomonas loricata sp. nov. </em>(Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a new tropical species from section <em>Plantae</em>. <em>Phytotaxa </em>500 (3): 225–233. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.500.3.6</p>
<p>Gusev, E., Guseva, E., Tran Duc Dien & Kulikovskiy, M. (2022a) Flora of silica-scaled chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae) of two provinces in Southern Vietnam. <em>Inland Water Biology</em> 15: 205–216. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082922030063</p>
<p>Gusev, E., Martynenko, N., Kapustin, D., Doan-Nhu, H. & Nguyen-Ngoc Lam (2022b) Diversity of silica-scaled chrysophytes of two tropical islands: Phu Quoc and Con Son (Viet Nam). <em>Life</em> 12: 1611. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12101611</p>
<p>Hansen, P. & Kristiansen, J. (1995) <em>Mallomonas madagascariensis</em>, <em>M</em>. <em>lemuriocellata</em> and <em>M</em>. <em>crocodilorum</em> (Synurophyceae), three new species from Madagascar. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 15: 215–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1995.tb00146.x </p>
<p>Kim, J.H. & Kim, H.S. (2010) <em>Mallomonas jejuensis </em>sp. nov. (Synurophyceae) from Jeju Island, South Korea. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany </em>28: 350–353. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00600.x </p>
<p>Kim, H.S.,Kim, J.H., Shin, W. & Jo, B.Y. (2014) <em>Mallomonas elevata</em> sp. nov. (Synurophyceae), a new scaled Chrysophyte from Jeju Island, South Korea. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 98: 89–102. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2013/0138 </p>
<p>Kristiansen, J. (2000) Cosmopolitan chrysophytes. <em>Systematics and Geography of Plants</em> 70: 291–300. https://doi.org/10.2307/3668648 </p>
<p>Kristiansen, J. (2002) The genus <em>Mallomonas </em>(Synurophyceae): a taxonomic survey based on the ultrastructure of silica scales and bristles. <em>Opera Botanica </em>139: 1–218.</p>
<p>Kristiansen, J. & Preisig, H.R. (2007) <em>Chrysophyte and Haptophyte Algae</em>: 2 Teil/2nd Part: <em>Synurophyceae</em>. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 252 pp.</p>
<p>Momeu, L. & Péterfi, L.S. (1979) Taxonomy of <em>Mallomonas </em>based on the fine structure of the scales and bristles. <em>Contribuţii Botanice Cluj-Napoca </em>1979: 13<strong>–</strong>20.</p>
<p>Nicholls, K.H. (1984) Four new <em>Mallomonas </em>species of the <em>Torquatae</em> series (Chrysophyceae). <em>Canadian Journal of Botany </em>62: 1583–1591. https://doi.org/10.1139/b84-213</p>
<p>Nicholls, K.H. (1989) Descriptions of four new <em>Mallomonas</em> taxa (Mallomonadaceae, Chrysophyceae). <em>Journal of Phycology</em> 25: 292-300. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.1989.tb00125.x</p>
<p>Perty, M. (1852) <em>Zur Kenntniss kleinster Lebensformen nach Bau, Funktionen, Systematik, mit Specialverzeichniss der in der Schweiz beobachteten</em>. Jent & Reinert, Bern, 228 pp.</p>
<p>Siver, P.A., Jo, B.Y., Kim, J.I., Shin, W., Lott, A.M. & Wolfe, A.P. (2015) Assessing the evolutionary history of the class Synurophyceae (Heterokonta) using molecular, morphometric, and paleobiological approaches. <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 102: 921–941. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1500004</p>
<p>Čertnerová, D., Čertner, M. & Škaloud, P. (2019) Molecular phylogeny and evolution of phenotype in silica-scaled chrysophyte genus <em>Mallomonas</em>. <em>Journal of Phycology </em>55: 912–923. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.12882</p>
<p>Doan-Nhu, H., Tinh, T.T., Gusev, E.S., Kulikovskiy, M.S., Phan-Tan, L. & Nguyen-Ngoc, L. (2021) Taxonomic composition of silica-scaled chrysophytes in a tropical mountain reservoir. <em>Inland Water Biology</em> 14; 490–499. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082921050060</p>
<p>Dürrschmidt, M. (1983) A taxonomic study of the <em>Mallomonas mangofera</em> group (Mallomonadaceae, Chrysophyceae), including the description of four new taxa. <em>Plant Systematics and Evolution</em> 143: 175–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00986377 </p>
<p>Dürrschmidt, M. & Croome, R. (1985) Mallomonadaceae (Chrysophyceae) from Malaysia and Australia. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany </em>5: 285–298. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1985.tb01657.x</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S. (2012) A new species of the genus <em>Mallomonas </em>(Synurophyceae), <em>Mallomonas spinosa sp. nov.</em>, from Vietnam. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 66: 1–5. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.66.1.1 </p>
<p>Gusev, E.S. (2013) Studies on synurophycean algae from mangrove wetlands (Vietnam). <em>Nova Hedwigia Beiheft</em> 142: 87–95.</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S. (2015) A new species of the genus <em>Mallomonas</em> (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), <em>Mallomonas fimbriata </em>sp. nov. <em>Phytotaxa </em>195 (4): 291–296. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.195.4.4 </p>
<p>Gusev, E.S. & Nguyen, T.H.T. (2011) Silica-scaled chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae) from Vietnam (Khanh Hoa and Quang Nam provinces). <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 93: 191–199. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2011/0093-0191</p>
<p>Gusev, E. & Kezlya, E. (2021) <em>Mallomonas lusca sp. nov. </em>(Synurales, Chrysophyceae)—a rare species from Southeast Asia. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 529 (1): 105–112. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.529.1.8</p>
<p>Gusev, E. & Kulikovskiy, M. (2021) <em>Mallomonas siderea sp. nov. </em>(Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a new tropical species from the section <em>Torquatae</em>. <em>Nova Hedwigia </em>113: 291–301. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2021/0655</p>
<p>Gusev, E. & Martynenko, N. (2022) Diversity of Silica—Scaled Chrysophytes in Central Vietnam. <em>Water</em> 14: 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14010065</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S. & Siver, P.A. (2017) <em>Mallomonas neoampla </em>sp. nov. from Vietnam, a new species that bridges the gap between fossil and modern taxa. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 104: 521–528. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2016/0389 </p>
<p>Gusev, E.S., Doan-Nhu, H. & Nguyen-Ngoc, L. (2017) Silica-scaled chrysophytes from Cat Tien National Park (Dong Nai Province, Viet Nam). <em>Nova Hedwigia </em>105: 347–364. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2017/0416</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S., Doan-Nhu, H., Nguyen-Ngoc, L., Guseva, E.E. & Luom, P.T. (2019a) Silica-scaled chrysophytes from Cam Ranh Peninsula (Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam). <em>Nova Hedwigia Beiheft</em> 148: 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova-suppl/2019/077</p>
<p>Gusev, E., Guseva, E., Kezlya, E. & Kulikovskiy, M. (2019b) <em>Mallomonas minuscula</em> sp. nov. (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a new member in the section <em>Torquatae</em> from Vietnam. <em>Fottea</em> 19: 132–137. https://doi.org/10.5507/fot.2019.004</p>
<p>Gusev, E., Kulizin, P., Guseva, E., Shkurina, N. & Kulikovskiy, M. (2019c) <em>Mallomonas lamii</em> sp. nov. (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a New Species Bearing Large Scales Described from the Tropics. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 423: 266–272. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.423.4.5</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S., Gusakov, V.A., Guseva, E.E., Kulikovskiy, M.S., Tsvetkov, A.I. & Dịnh, C.N. (2020) Flora of Silica-Scaled Chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae: Synurales, Paraphysomonadales) of the Mekong Delta. <em>Inland Water Biology</em> 13: 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995082920020224 </p>
<p>Gusev, E., Martynenko, N. & Tran, H. (2021a) Studies on Algae from the Order Synurales (Chrysophyceae) in Northern Vietnam. <em>Diversity</em> 13: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/d13110602.</p>
<p>Gusev, E., Shkurina, N. & Kulikovskiy, M. (2021b) <em>Mallomonas loricata sp. nov. </em>(Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a new tropical species from section <em>Plantae</em>. <em>Phytotaxa </em>500 (3): 225–233. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.500.3.6</p>
<p>Gusev, E., Guseva, E., Tran Duc Dien & Kulikovskiy, M. (2022a) Flora of silica-scaled chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae) of two provinces in Southern Vietnam. <em>Inland Water Biology</em> 15: 205–216. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082922030063</p>
<p>Gusev, E., Martynenko, N., Kapustin, D., Doan-Nhu, H. & Nguyen-Ngoc Lam (2022b) Diversity of silica-scaled chrysophytes of two tropical islands: Phu Quoc and Con Son (Viet Nam). <em>Life</em> 12: 1611. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12101611</p>
<p>Hansen, P. & Kristiansen, J. (1995) <em>Mallomonas madagascariensis</em>, <em>M</em>. <em>lemuriocellata</em> and <em>M</em>. <em>crocodilorum</em> (Synurophyceae), three new species from Madagascar. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 15: 215–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1995.tb00146.x </p>
<p>Kim, J.H. & Kim, H.S. (2010) <em>Mallomonas jejuensis </em>sp. nov. (Synurophyceae) from Jeju Island, South Korea. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany </em>28: 350–353. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00600.x </p>
<p>Kim, H.S.,Kim, J.H., Shin, W. & Jo, B.Y. (2014) <em>Mallomonas elevata</em> sp. nov. (Synurophyceae), a new scaled Chrysophyte from Jeju Island, South Korea. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 98: 89–102. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2013/0138 </p>
<p>Kristiansen, J. (2000) Cosmopolitan chrysophytes. <em>Systematics and Geography of Plants</em> 70: 291–300. https://doi.org/10.2307/3668648 </p>
<p>Kristiansen, J. (2002) The genus <em>Mallomonas </em>(Synurophyceae): a taxonomic survey based on the ultrastructure of silica scales and bristles. <em>Opera Botanica </em>139: 1–218.</p>
<p>Kristiansen, J. & Preisig, H.R. (2007) <em>Chrysophyte and Haptophyte Algae</em>: 2 Teil/2nd Part: <em>Synurophyceae</em>. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 252 pp.</p>
<p>Momeu, L. & Péterfi, L.S. (1979) Taxonomy of <em>Mallomonas </em>based on the fine structure of the scales and bristles. <em>Contribuţii Botanice Cluj-Napoca </em>1979: 13<strong>–</strong>20.</p>
<p>Nicholls, K.H. (1984) Four new <em>Mallomonas </em>species of the <em>Torquatae</em> series (Chrysophyceae). <em>Canadian Journal of Botany </em>62: 1583–1591. https://doi.org/10.1139/b84-213</p>
<p>Nicholls, K.H. (1989) Descriptions of four new <em>Mallomonas</em> taxa (Mallomonadaceae, Chrysophyceae). <em>Journal of Phycology</em> 25: 292-300. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.1989.tb00125.x</p>
<p>Perty, M. (1852) <em>Zur Kenntniss kleinster Lebensformen nach Bau, Funktionen, Systematik, mit Specialverzeichniss der in der Schweiz beobachteten</em>. Jent & Reinert, Bern, 228 pp.</p>
<p>Siver, P.A., Jo, B.Y., Kim, J.I., Shin, W., Lott, A.M. & Wolfe, A.P. (2015) Assessing the evolutionary history of the class Synurophyceae (Heterokonta) using molecular, morphometric, and paleobiological approaches. <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 102: 921–941. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1500004</p>