Abstract
We conducted morphological evaluations and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of SSU, LSU, EF-1a, RPB1 and RPB2 genes for Metarhizium strains infecting adult cicada from Guniujiang Nature Preserve, southeastern China. A new species Metarhizium macrosemiae is described. M. macrosemiae is the phylogenetic sister species of M. chaiyaphumense / M. takense. M. macrosemiae is distinguished morphologically from M. chaiyaphumense by its host, growth rate on agar, and size of the phialides. It differs significantly from M. takense in colony colour, growth rate on agar, and the presence of macroconidia on SDYA/4. Additionally, comparison of five gene sequences with those of M. guniujiangense type strain revealed that two strains on adult cicada are asexual morph of M. guniujiangense. We illustrate and describe this previously unreported asexual morph of M. guniujiangense on adult cicada.
References
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Yamamoto, K., Ohmae, M. & Orihara, T. (2020) Metarhizium brachyspermum sp. nov. (Clavicipitaceae), a new species parasitic on Elateridae from Japan. Mycoscience 61 (1): 37–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2019.09.001
Castlebury, L.A., Rossman, A.Y., Sung, G.H., Hyten, A.S. & Spatafora, J.W. (2004) Multigene phylogeny reveals new lineage for Stachybotrys chartarum, the indoor air fungus. Mycological Research 108 (8): 864–872. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756204000607
Guo, H.L., Ye, B.L., Yue, Y.Y., Chen, Q.T. & Fu, C.S. (1986) Three new species of Metarhizium. Acta Mycologica Sinica 5 (3): 177–184.
Hall, T.A. (2007) BioEdit. Biological Sequence Alignment Editor for Win95/98/NT/2K/XP. Carlsbad, CA: Ibis Biosciences. [http://www.mbio.ncsu.edu/BioEdit/bioedit.html]
Huang, B., Li, C., Humber, R.A., Hodge, K.T. & Li, Z.Z. (2005) Molecular evidence for the taxonomic status of Metarhizium taii and its teleomorph, Cordyceps taii (Hypocreales, Clavicipitaceae). Mycotaxon 94 (3): 137–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-005-6871-0
Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30 (4): 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Kepler, R.M., Humber, R.A., Bischoff, J.F. & Rehner, S.A. (2014) Clarification of generic and species boundaries for Metarhizium and related fungi through multigene phylogenetics. Mycologia 106 (4): 811–829. https://doi.org/10.3852/13-319
Kobayasi, Y. (1939) On the genus Cordyceps and its allies on Cicadae from Japan. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan 9: 145–176.
Kobayasi, Y. & Shimizu, D. (1963) Monographic studies of Cordyceps 2. Group parasitic on Cicadidae. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo 6: 286–314.
Lacey, L., Frutos, R., Kaya, H. & Vail, P. (2001) Insect pathogens as biological control agents: do they have a future? Biological Control 21: 230–248. https://doi.org/10.1006/bcon.2001.0938
Liang, Z.Q., Liu, A.Y. & Liu, J.L. (1991) A new species of the genus Cordyceps and its Metarhizium anamorph. Acta Mycologica Sinica 10 (4): 257–262.
Liu, Z.Y., Liang, Z.Q., Whalley, A.J.S., Yao, Y.J. & Liu, A.Y. (2001) Cordyceps brittlebankisoides, a new pathogen of grubs and its anamorph, Metarhizium anisopliae var. majus. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 78 (3): 178–182. https://doi.org/10.1006/jipa.2001.5039
Luangsa-ard, J.J., Mongkolsamrit, S., Thanakitpipattana, D., Khonsanit, A., Tasanathai, K., Noisripoom, W. & Humber, R.A. (2017) Clavicipitaceous entomopathogens: new species in Metarhizium and a new genus Nigelia. Mycological Progress 16 (4): 369–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-017-1277-1
Mongkolsamrit, S., Khonsanit, A., Thanakitpipattana, D., Tasanathai, K. & Luangsa-ard, J.J. (2020) Revisiting Metarhizium and the description of new species from Thailand. Studies in Mycology 95: 171–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2020.04.001
Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University. Available from: https://github.com/nylander/MrModeltest2 (accessed 5 December 2022)
Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) Mrbayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
Shrestha, B., Tanaka, E., Hyun, M.W., Han, J. & Gh, S. (2017) Cordyceps species parasitizing Hymenopteran and Hemipteran insects. Mycosphere 8 (9): 1424–1442. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/8/9/8
Stamatakis, A. (2104) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30 (9): 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
Sung, G.H., Hywel-Jones, N.L., Sung, J.M., Luangsa-ard, J.J. Shrestha, B. & Spatafora, J.W. (2007) Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the Clavicipitaceous fungi. Studies in Mycology 57 (1): 5–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-0616(14)60128-7
Swofford, D.L. (2003) PAUP*: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony and other methods. Version 4. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates.
Thanakitpipattana, D., Tasanathai, K., Mongkolsamrit, S., Khonsanit, A. & Luangsa-ard, J.J. (2020) Fungal pathogens occurring on Orthopterida in Thailand. Persoonia 44: 140–160. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2020.44.06
Tzean, S.S., Hsieh, L.S., Chen, J.L. & Wu, W.J. (1992) Nomuraea viridulus, a new entomogenous fungus from Taiwan. Mycologia 84: 781–786. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1992.12026204
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications 18 (1): 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Yamamoto, K., Ohmae, M. & Orihara, T. (2020) Metarhizium brachyspermum sp. nov. (Clavicipitaceae), a new species parasitic on Elateridae from Japan. Mycoscience 61 (1): 37–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2019.09.001