Abstract
The genus Pytinicarpa G.L.Nesom is taxonomically revised in New Caledonia with four species recognised. The circumscription of one previously published species, P. sarasinii (Däniker) G.L.Nesom, is discussed and updated, and P. neocaledonica (Guillaumin) G.L.Nesom is placed in its synonymy. The name P. comptonii Gâteblé, Lannuzel & M.Pignal, nom. nov. is proposed to accommodate the former Lagenophora neocaledonica S.Moore in Pytinicarpa, and its lectotype is designated. Two new narrowly endemic species are also described. The first is from the top of Mount Kaala massif with the name P. kaalaensis Lannuzel, Gâteblé & M.Pignal, sp. nov. The second, P. tonitrui Lannuzel, Gateblé & M.Pignal, sp. nov. is from the Babouillat peninsula, and is supposedly extinct, as extensive field research did not allow to find it. The four species are fully described, illustrated, and keyed. The distribution, ecological affinities, and threats for the four species are discussed to support the assessments of conservation status for two of them as Endangered (EN), one as Critically Endangered (CR) and one as Extinct (EX), following the IUCN Red List guidelines and criteria.
References
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bruy, D., Barrabé, L., Birnbaum, P., Dagostini, G., Donnat, M., Fambart-Tinel, J., Girardi, J., Hequet, V., Isnard, S., Jaffré, T., Munzinger, J., Nigote, W., Pillon, Y., Rigault, F., Vandrot, H., Veillon, J.-M. & Zaiss, G (2021) L’Herbier de Nouvelle-Calédonie. UMR AMAP IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Montpellier, Nouméa. Available from: https://doi.org/10.23708/HERBIER-NOUVELLE-CALEDONIE (accessed 13 July 2022).</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Beauvisage, G. (1901) Genera Montrouzieriana, plantarum Novae Caledoniae. Annales de la Société Botanique de Lyon 26: 1–96. https://doi.org/10.3406/linly.1901.4710</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cabrera, A.L. (1966) The genus Lagenophora (Compositae). Blumea 14: 285–308.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cassini, H. (1816) Aperçu des genres nouveaux formés par M. Henri Cassini, dans la famille des Synanthérées (1). Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomatique 4: 198–200.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cassini, H. (1819) Suite du sixième mémoire sur la famille des Synanthérées, contenant les caractères des tribus. Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d’Histoire Naturelle et des Arts 88: 189–204.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Däniker, A.U. (1933) Ergebnisse des Reise von Dr A.U. Däniker nach Neu-Caledonien und den Loyalty-Inseln (1924/26), 4. Katalog der Pteridophyta and Embryophyta Siphonogama. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich 78: 475–494.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gâteblé, G. (2015) Flore ornementale de Nouvelle-Calédonie, horticulture, botanique & histoire. Au vent des îles, Papeete, 624 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gray, A. (1861) Characters of some Compositae in the collection of the United States South Pacific exploring expedition under Captain Wilkes, with observations, & c. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 5: 114–146. https://doi.org/10.2307/20021263</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Guillaumin, A. (1937) Matériaux pour la flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. XLIII. Révision des Composées. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 84: 54–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1937.10833036</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Guillaumin, A. (1948) Flore analytique et synoptique de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, phanérogames. Office de la Recherche Scientifique coloniale, Paris, 371 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Harris, J.G. & Harris, M.W. (2001) Plant identification terminology, an illustrated glossary, 2<sup>nd</sup>edition. Spring Lake Publishing, Spring Lake, 206 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Heine, H.H. (1976) Acanthaceae. In: Aubréville, A. & Leroy, J.-F. (Eds.) Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances 7. Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, pp. 3–68.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ititiaty, Y., Lannuzel, G., Gâteblé, G. & Fogliani, B. (2020) Etude des espèces rares et menacées du Mont Ouazangou. Rapport n°1-Ecorce. IAC/NMC, 26 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">IUCN (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 18 November 2022).</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lannuzel, G., Gâteblé, G., Bean, A.R. & Wang, J. (2021a) Lagenophora (Asteraceae, Astereae) in New Caledonia. PhytoKeys 177: 125–138. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.177.63116</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lannuzel, G., Balmot, J., Dubos, N., Thibault, M.& Fogliani, B. (2021b) High-resolution topographic variables accurately predict the distribution of rare plant species for conservation area selection in a narrow-endemism hotspot in New Caledonia. Biodiversity and Conservation 30: 963–990. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02126-6</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lannuzel, G., Pignal, M. & Gâteblé, G. (2022) Critical comments on the article by Wang et al. “Lectotypification of the name Brachyscome neocaledonica = Pytinicarpa neocaledonica (Asteracaee: Astereae)” published in the Ukrainian Botanical Journal (2022, 79(2): 77–83). Ukrainian Botanical Journal 79: 271–276. https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj79.05.271</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lauterbach, C.A.G. (1914) Neue Bergpflanzenaus Kaiser-Wilhelms-Land. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 13: 239–242. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19140131307</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lindley, J. (1829) Compositae. In: Loudon, J. (ed.) An Encyclopaedia of Plants. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, London, pp. 1072–1074.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Meyer, S., Birnbaum, P., Bruy, D., Cazé, H., Garnier, D., Gâteblé, G., Lannuzel, G., McCoy, S., Tanguy, V. &Veillon, J.-M. (2022) The New Caledonia Plants RLA: bringing botanists together for the conservation of the archipelago’s crown jewel. Imperiled: The Encyclopedia of Conservation. Elsevier, Amsterdam. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821139-7.00171-9</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Moore, S.L.M. (1921) Compositae. In: Rendle, A.B., Baker, E.G. & Moore, S.L.M. (eds.) A Systematic account of the plants collected in New Caledonia and the Isle of Pines by Prof. R. H. Compton, M.A., in 1914 – Part I. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 45: 345–347. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1921.tb00125.x</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Moylan, E.C. & Scotland, R.W. (2000) Hemigraphis neocaledonica Heine from New Caledonia is transferred to Brunoniella Bremek. (Acanthaceae). Kew Bulletin 55: 477–481. https://doi.org/10.2307/4115664</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Munzinger, J. & Swenson, U. (2015) Revision of Pycnandra subgenus Leptostylis and description of subgenus Wagapensia (Sapotaceae), a genus endemic to New Caledonia. Australian Systematic Botany 28: 91–110. https://doi.org/10.1071/SB15010</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Nesom, G.L. (1994a) Pytinicarpa (Asteraceae: Astereae), a new genus from New Caledonia. Phytologia 76: 136–142. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.4091</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Nesom, G.L. (1994b) Subtribal classification of the Astereae (Asteraceae). Phytologia 76: 193–274. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.4090</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Nesom, G.L. (2001) Taxonomic notes on Keysseria and Pytinicarpa (Asteraceae: Astereae, Lageniferinae). Sida Contributions to Botany 19: 513–518.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Nesom, G.L. & Robinson, H. (2007) Tribe Astereae. In: Kubitzki, K. (ed.) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol. 8. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 284–342.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tanguy, V., Veillon, J.-M., Amice, R., Barrière, R., Fleurot, D., Gailhbaud, P., Garnier, D. &Suprin, B. (2020) Brunoniella neocaledonica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T115537131A115537133. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T115537131A115537133.en</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Thiers, B. (2020 onwards) Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s virtual herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih (accessed 8 July 2020).</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Wang, J., Guymer, G. & de Lange, P.J. (2022) Lectotypification of the name Brachyscome neocaledonica = Pytinicarpa neocaledonica (Asteraceae: Astereae). Ukrainian Botanical Journal 79: 77–83. https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj79.02.077</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Beauvisage, G. (1901) Genera Montrouzieriana, plantarum Novae Caledoniae. Annales de la Société Botanique de Lyon 26: 1–96. https://doi.org/10.3406/linly.1901.4710</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cabrera, A.L. (1966) The genus Lagenophora (Compositae). Blumea 14: 285–308.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cassini, H. (1816) Aperçu des genres nouveaux formés par M. Henri Cassini, dans la famille des Synanthérées (1). Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomatique 4: 198–200.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cassini, H. (1819) Suite du sixième mémoire sur la famille des Synanthérées, contenant les caractères des tribus. Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d’Histoire Naturelle et des Arts 88: 189–204.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Däniker, A.U. (1933) Ergebnisse des Reise von Dr A.U. Däniker nach Neu-Caledonien und den Loyalty-Inseln (1924/26), 4. Katalog der Pteridophyta and Embryophyta Siphonogama. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich 78: 475–494.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gâteblé, G. (2015) Flore ornementale de Nouvelle-Calédonie, horticulture, botanique & histoire. Au vent des îles, Papeete, 624 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gray, A. (1861) Characters of some Compositae in the collection of the United States South Pacific exploring expedition under Captain Wilkes, with observations, & c. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 5: 114–146. https://doi.org/10.2307/20021263</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Guillaumin, A. (1937) Matériaux pour la flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. XLIII. Révision des Composées. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 84: 54–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1937.10833036</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Guillaumin, A. (1948) Flore analytique et synoptique de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, phanérogames. Office de la Recherche Scientifique coloniale, Paris, 371 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Harris, J.G. & Harris, M.W. (2001) Plant identification terminology, an illustrated glossary, 2<sup>nd</sup>edition. Spring Lake Publishing, Spring Lake, 206 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Heine, H.H. (1976) Acanthaceae. In: Aubréville, A. & Leroy, J.-F. (Eds.) Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances 7. Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, pp. 3–68.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ititiaty, Y., Lannuzel, G., Gâteblé, G. & Fogliani, B. (2020) Etude des espèces rares et menacées du Mont Ouazangou. Rapport n°1-Ecorce. IAC/NMC, 26 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">IUCN (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 18 November 2022).</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lannuzel, G., Gâteblé, G., Bean, A.R. & Wang, J. (2021a) Lagenophora (Asteraceae, Astereae) in New Caledonia. PhytoKeys 177: 125–138. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.177.63116</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lannuzel, G., Balmot, J., Dubos, N., Thibault, M.& Fogliani, B. (2021b) High-resolution topographic variables accurately predict the distribution of rare plant species for conservation area selection in a narrow-endemism hotspot in New Caledonia. Biodiversity and Conservation 30: 963–990. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02126-6</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lannuzel, G., Pignal, M. & Gâteblé, G. (2022) Critical comments on the article by Wang et al. “Lectotypification of the name Brachyscome neocaledonica = Pytinicarpa neocaledonica (Asteracaee: Astereae)” published in the Ukrainian Botanical Journal (2022, 79(2): 77–83). Ukrainian Botanical Journal 79: 271–276. https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj79.05.271</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lauterbach, C.A.G. (1914) Neue Bergpflanzenaus Kaiser-Wilhelms-Land. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 13: 239–242. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19140131307</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lindley, J. (1829) Compositae. In: Loudon, J. (ed.) An Encyclopaedia of Plants. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, London, pp. 1072–1074.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Meyer, S., Birnbaum, P., Bruy, D., Cazé, H., Garnier, D., Gâteblé, G., Lannuzel, G., McCoy, S., Tanguy, V. &Veillon, J.-M. (2022) The New Caledonia Plants RLA: bringing botanists together for the conservation of the archipelago’s crown jewel. Imperiled: The Encyclopedia of Conservation. Elsevier, Amsterdam. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821139-7.00171-9</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Moore, S.L.M. (1921) Compositae. In: Rendle, A.B., Baker, E.G. & Moore, S.L.M. (eds.) A Systematic account of the plants collected in New Caledonia and the Isle of Pines by Prof. R. H. Compton, M.A., in 1914 – Part I. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 45: 345–347. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1921.tb00125.x</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Moylan, E.C. & Scotland, R.W. (2000) Hemigraphis neocaledonica Heine from New Caledonia is transferred to Brunoniella Bremek. (Acanthaceae). Kew Bulletin 55: 477–481. https://doi.org/10.2307/4115664</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Munzinger, J. & Swenson, U. (2015) Revision of Pycnandra subgenus Leptostylis and description of subgenus Wagapensia (Sapotaceae), a genus endemic to New Caledonia. Australian Systematic Botany 28: 91–110. https://doi.org/10.1071/SB15010</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Nesom, G.L. (1994a) Pytinicarpa (Asteraceae: Astereae), a new genus from New Caledonia. Phytologia 76: 136–142. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.4091</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Nesom, G.L. (1994b) Subtribal classification of the Astereae (Asteraceae). Phytologia 76: 193–274. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.4090</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Nesom, G.L. (2001) Taxonomic notes on Keysseria and Pytinicarpa (Asteraceae: Astereae, Lageniferinae). Sida Contributions to Botany 19: 513–518.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Nesom, G.L. & Robinson, H. (2007) Tribe Astereae. In: Kubitzki, K. (ed.) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol. 8. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 284–342.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tanguy, V., Veillon, J.-M., Amice, R., Barrière, R., Fleurot, D., Gailhbaud, P., Garnier, D. &Suprin, B. (2020) Brunoniella neocaledonica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T115537131A115537133. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T115537131A115537133.en</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Thiers, B. (2020 onwards) Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s virtual herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih (accessed 8 July 2020).</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Wang, J., Guymer, G. & de Lange, P.J. (2022) Lectotypification of the name Brachyscome neocaledonica = Pytinicarpa neocaledonica (Asteraceae: Astereae). Ukrainian Botanical Journal 79: 77–83. https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj79.02.077</span></span></span>