Abstract
Some samples belonging to the family Boraginaceae that look interesting due to their erect stem, dense stem leaves, small flowers, and large nutlets have been collected around Tödürge Lake in the Zara district (Sivas, Turkey). As a result of the detailed investigations, it has been determined that these specimens are attributed to the genus Mattiastrum and they are similar to M. cappadocicum with their almost entire nutlets and their anthers attaching to the below part of the corolla fornices. While the new samples and their closely related species M. cappadocicum show similarities with their radially symmetrical, isopolar, 6-heterocolpate, and ectocingulate pollen grains, they differ in pollen size and shape, the length of colpus and pseudocolpus, and exine sculpturing. The Zara specimens are also different from M. cappadocicum by their dense imbricate stem leaves, oblong inflorescence, and completely glabrous, large (9.5–11 mm in diam.) nutlets with entire margins, and we therefore conclude that they belong to a new species. The description, photographs, general ecological preferences, conservation status in the light of current data, and also pollen morphological characteristics of the newly identified species are given.
References
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Aytaç, Z. & Mill, R.R. (2005) Two new species of Boraginaceae (Tribe Cynoglosseae) from Turkey. <em>Edinburgh Journal of Botany</em> 61 (2–3): 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428605000284</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Behçet, L. & İlçim, A. (2015) <em>Paracaryum</em> <em>bingoelianum</em> (Boraginaceae), a new species from Turkey. <em>Turkish Journal of Botany</em> 39: 334−340. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1309-58</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bigazzi, M., Nardi, E. & Selvi, F. (2006) Palynological contribution to the systematics of <em>Rindera</em> and the allied genera <em>Paracaryum</em> and <em>Solenanthus</em> (Boraginaceae-Cynoglosseae). <em>Willdenowia</em> 36: 37−46. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.36.36103</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Boissier, P.E. (1849) <em>Diagnoses Plantarum Orientalium Novarum</em>. Ser. 1, Vol. 2, No. 11, Lipsiae, B.Herrmann, pp. 128.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Brand, A. (1915) XIX. Neue Borraginaceen-Studien. <em>Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis </em>14: 146–156. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19150141004</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Clarke, G.C.S. (1977) The Northwest European pollen flora, 10, Boraginaceae. <em>Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology</em> 24: 50−101. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(77)90034-3</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Davis, P.H. (1978) <em>Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands</em>, Vol. 6. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 237–437.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Erdtman, G. (1969) <em>Handbook of palynology, morphology, taxonomy and ecology.</em> Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 486 pp. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19710810815</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Faegri, K. & Iversen, J. (1992) <em>Textbook of pollen analysis.</em> 4<sup>th</sup> edition. Wiley, New York, 328 pp.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ferguson, L.F. (1972) <em>Mattiastrum </em>Brand. <em>In</em>: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., Webb, D.A. (eds.) <em>Flora of Europea</em>. Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 121.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (2012) <em>Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler)</em>. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul, 1290 pp.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2022) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kamel, M.A., El Hadidy, A.M.H., Hamed, S.T. & Hussein, N.R.A. (2018) A palynological review for some species of family Boraginaceae Juss. from the Egyptian Flora. <em>Annual Research & Review in Biology</em> 30 (3): 1−16. https://doi.org/10.9734/ARRB/2018/46408</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Koch, W.D.J. (1837) <em>Synopsis Florae Germanicae et Helveticae</em>. Francofurti ad Moenum, F.Wilmans, pp. 496.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ledebour, C.F. (1829) <em>Icones Plantarum Novarum vel Imperfecte Cognitarum Floram Rossicam imprimis Altaicam</em>, illustrantes. Rigae, I.Deubner, t. 26. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46626</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum</em>. Tomus 1, Holmiae, Laurentii Salvii, pp. 134.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Mill, R.R. (1977) Materials for Flora of Turkey XXXIV. <em>Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh </em>35 (3): 303−308.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Mill, R.R. (1978)<em> Paracaryum</em> (DC.) Boiss. <em>In</em>: Davis, P.H. (ed.) <em>Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands</em>. Vol. 6. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 282–300.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Mouterde, P.S.J. (1966) <em>Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie</em>. Tome III, texte, 58. Dar El-Machreq Éditeurs, Beyrouth-Liban.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Pallas, P.S. (1771) <em>Reise durch Verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs</em>. St. Petersburg, Kaiserl. Academie der Wissenschaften, Theil 1, pp. 486.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Popov, M.G. (1953) <em>Paracaryum</em> Boiss. <em>In</em>: Shishkin, B.K. (ed.) <em>Flora of the U.S.S.R.</em> Vol. 19. Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva & Leningrad, pp. 435–448.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Punt, W., Hoen, P.P., Blackmore, S., Nilsson, S. & Le Thomas, A. (2007) Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. <em>Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology</em> 143 (1−2): 1−81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.06.008</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Riedl, H. (1967) Boraginaceae. <em>In</em>: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.) <em>Flora Iranica</em>. Vol. 48. Akademische Druck-und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 1−5.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Scheel, R., Ybert, J.P. & Barth, O.M. (1996) Pollen morphology of the Boraginaceae from Santa Catarina State (southern Brazil), with comments on the taxonomy of the family. <em>Grana</em> 35: 138−153. https://doi.org/10.1080/00173139609429075</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">WFO (2022) World Flora Online. Available from: http://www.worldfloraonline.org/ (accessed 5 July 2022).</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Aytaç, Z. & Mill, R.R. (2005) Two new species of Boraginaceae (Tribe Cynoglosseae) from Turkey. <em>Edinburgh Journal of Botany</em> 61 (2–3): 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428605000284</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Behçet, L. & İlçim, A. (2015) <em>Paracaryum</em> <em>bingoelianum</em> (Boraginaceae), a new species from Turkey. <em>Turkish Journal of Botany</em> 39: 334−340. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1309-58</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bigazzi, M., Nardi, E. & Selvi, F. (2006) Palynological contribution to the systematics of <em>Rindera</em> and the allied genera <em>Paracaryum</em> and <em>Solenanthus</em> (Boraginaceae-Cynoglosseae). <em>Willdenowia</em> 36: 37−46. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.36.36103</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Boissier, P.E. (1849) <em>Diagnoses Plantarum Orientalium Novarum</em>. Ser. 1, Vol. 2, No. 11, Lipsiae, B.Herrmann, pp. 128.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Brand, A. (1915) XIX. Neue Borraginaceen-Studien. <em>Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis </em>14: 146–156. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19150141004</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Clarke, G.C.S. (1977) The Northwest European pollen flora, 10, Boraginaceae. <em>Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology</em> 24: 50−101. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(77)90034-3</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Davis, P.H. (1978) <em>Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands</em>, Vol. 6. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 237–437.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Erdtman, G. (1969) <em>Handbook of palynology, morphology, taxonomy and ecology.</em> Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 486 pp. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19710810815</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Faegri, K. & Iversen, J. (1992) <em>Textbook of pollen analysis.</em> 4<sup>th</sup> edition. Wiley, New York, 328 pp.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ferguson, L.F. (1972) <em>Mattiastrum </em>Brand. <em>In</em>: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., Webb, D.A. (eds.) <em>Flora of Europea</em>. Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 121.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (2012) <em>Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler)</em>. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul, 1290 pp.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2022) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kamel, M.A., El Hadidy, A.M.H., Hamed, S.T. & Hussein, N.R.A. (2018) A palynological review for some species of family Boraginaceae Juss. from the Egyptian Flora. <em>Annual Research & Review in Biology</em> 30 (3): 1−16. https://doi.org/10.9734/ARRB/2018/46408</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Koch, W.D.J. (1837) <em>Synopsis Florae Germanicae et Helveticae</em>. Francofurti ad Moenum, F.Wilmans, pp. 496.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ledebour, C.F. (1829) <em>Icones Plantarum Novarum vel Imperfecte Cognitarum Floram Rossicam imprimis Altaicam</em>, illustrantes. Rigae, I.Deubner, t. 26. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46626</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum</em>. Tomus 1, Holmiae, Laurentii Salvii, pp. 134.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Mill, R.R. (1977) Materials for Flora of Turkey XXXIV. <em>Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh </em>35 (3): 303−308.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Mill, R.R. (1978)<em> Paracaryum</em> (DC.) Boiss. <em>In</em>: Davis, P.H. (ed.) <em>Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands</em>. Vol. 6. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 282–300.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Mouterde, P.S.J. (1966) <em>Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie</em>. Tome III, texte, 58. Dar El-Machreq Éditeurs, Beyrouth-Liban.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Pallas, P.S. (1771) <em>Reise durch Verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs</em>. St. Petersburg, Kaiserl. Academie der Wissenschaften, Theil 1, pp. 486.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Popov, M.G. (1953) <em>Paracaryum</em> Boiss. <em>In</em>: Shishkin, B.K. (ed.) <em>Flora of the U.S.S.R.</em> Vol. 19. Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva & Leningrad, pp. 435–448.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Punt, W., Hoen, P.P., Blackmore, S., Nilsson, S. & Le Thomas, A. (2007) Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. <em>Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology</em> 143 (1−2): 1−81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.06.008</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Riedl, H. (1967) Boraginaceae. <em>In</em>: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.) <em>Flora Iranica</em>. Vol. 48. Akademische Druck-und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 1−5.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Scheel, R., Ybert, J.P. & Barth, O.M. (1996) Pollen morphology of the Boraginaceae from Santa Catarina State (southern Brazil), with comments on the taxonomy of the family. <em>Grana</em> 35: 138−153. https://doi.org/10.1080/00173139609429075</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">WFO (2022) World Flora Online. Available from: http://www.worldfloraonline.org/ (accessed 5 July 2022).</span></span></span></p>