Abstract
A new nothospecies, Kalanchoe ×verdoorniae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) is described from South Africa. The parents of the nothospecies are K. luciae and K. winteri, both of which are included in K. [subg. Kalanchoe] sect. Raveta. At maturity, K. ×verdoorniae has large, consistently obovate leaves that in terms of size are intermediate between those of K. luciae and K. winteri. Like the leaves of K. winteri, those of K. ×verdoorniae are basally distinctly auriculate, a feature not well developed in K. luciae. The inflorescences of K. ×verdoorniae are dense-flowered and club-shaped as found in both parents. Kalanchoe ×verdoorniae has considerable architectural appeal and is hardy in mild-climate regions of the world with limited and unpredictable rainfall. When producing kalanchoe material for outdoor cultivation in mild climates, emphasis is often on selecting for highly coloured foliage—strongly maroon to reddish-infused in the case of K. ×estrelae or distinctly orange-infused in the case of K. ×leistneri—with these colours becoming more intense when plants are subject to environmental stress, such as high solar irradiation loads and a limited water supply. However, K. ×verdoorniae has light green leaves that early on appear nearly pure white as a result of the presence of a substantial, long-persisting waxy layer, on virtually all plant parts.
References
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2020a) <em>Kalanchoe</em> ×<em>estrelae</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): a new nothospecies for the hybrid between <em>K. luciae</em> and <em>K. sexangularis</em>. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 441 (2): 225–228. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.2.11</span></span></span></p>
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2020e) Character inheritance in <em>Kalanchoe </em>‘Vivien’ Bischofberger (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a cultivar derived from an interspecific hybrid between two southern African species (<em>K. luciae </em>Raym.-Hamet × <em>K. sexangularis </em>N.E.Br.). <em>Bradleya</em> 38: 3–13. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n38.2020.a1</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2020f) <em>Kalanchoe</em> Adans. subg. <em>Fernandesiae</em> Gideon F.Sm. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new subgenus from southern and south-tropical Africa. <em>Haseltonia</em> 27: 2–7. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.027.0101</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2021a) <em>Cultivation notes.</em> <em>Kalanchoe</em>. Supplement to <em>CactusWorld</em> 39 (1), March 2021, 2 pp. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a18</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2021b) <em>Kalanchoe</em> ×<em>leistneri</em> (<em>K. sexangularis</em> × <em>K. winteri</em>) (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new southern African nothospecies. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 509 (2): 248–254. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.8</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2021c) Meet the kalanchoe people. New South African kalanchoe hybrids have been named in honour of key figures in our botany and horticulture. <em>Veld & Flora</em> 107 (2): 40–43.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2021d) Reinstatement of <em>Kalanchoe</em> [subg. <em>Bryophyllum</em>] sect. <em>Alatae</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) for <em>K. porphyrocalyx</em> and <em>K. uniflora</em>, two Madagascan endemics. <em>Bradleya</em> 39: 177–181. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a17</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2022a) Identity of <em>Kalanchoe</em> ‘Fang’ and <em>K</em>. ‘Rose Leaf’, two cultivars derived from <em>K</em>. ×<em>edwardii</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), with notes on aspects of interspecific hybridisation in the genus. <em>Bradleya</em> 40: 151–160. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n40.2022.a14</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2022b) Notes on <em>Kalanchoe</em> subg. <em>Bryophyllum</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and the kalanchoes of Sijfert H. Koorders (1919). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 549 (1): 87–96. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.549.1.7</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2022c) A review of the ecology and natural history of <em>Kalanchoe</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in southern Africa. <em>Bradleya</em> 40: 161–184. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n40.2022.a15</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Crouch, N.R. (2021) <em>Kalanchoe benbothae</em> (<em>K.</em> subg. <em>Fernandesiae</em>; Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new southern African species endemic to KwaZulu-Natal in the Maputaland-Pondoland Region of Endemism. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 521 (2): 105–112. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.521.2.4</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Crouch, N.R. & Figueiredo, E. (2016) Reinstatement of <em>Kalanchoe montana</em> Compton (Crassulaceae), a distinctive species from the Barberton Center of Endemism, eastern southern Africa. <em>Haseltonia</em> 22: 64–72. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.022.0112</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Crouch, N.R. & Figueiredo, E. (2021c) <em>Kalanchoe crouchii</em>. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Mpumalanga, South Africa. <em>Flowering Plants of Africa</em> 67: 60–68, plate 2366. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a16</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018a) The infrageneric classification and nomenclature of <em>Kalanchoe </em>Adans. (Crassulaceae), with special reference to the southern African species. <em>Bradleya </em>36: 162–172. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n36.2018.a10</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018b) <em>Kalanchoe crouchii</em> Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo (Crassulaceae), a new species from the dolomites of the Wolkberg Centre of Endemism, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. <em>Haseltonia</em> 25: 84–90. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.025.0107</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021a) <em>Kalanchoe pumila</em>. Crassulaceae: Kalanchooideae. Madagascar. <em>Flowering Plants of Africa</em> 67: 92–102, plate 2369. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a22</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021b) (2852) Proposal to reject the name <em>Kalanchoe aleurodes</em> (Crassulaceae: Kalanchooideae). <em>Taxon</em> 70 (6): 1371–1372. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12632</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022) Lectotypification of the name <em>Kalanchoe wildii</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 538 (2): 157–162. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.538.2.8</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Crouch, N.R. (2019c) <em>Kalanchoe winteri</em>. Crassulaceae. South Africa. <em>Flowering Plants of Africa</em> 66: 62–69, plate 2348. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n37.2019.a9</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Oberlander, K. (2022) A review and update of the conservation status of <em>Kalanchoe</em> species (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in the <em>Flora of Southern Africa</em> region. <em>Bradleya 40</em><sup><em>th</em></sup><em> Anniversary Special Conservation Edition 2022</em>: 181–193. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.sp40.2022.a18</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A.E. (2019a) Kalanchoe <em>(Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation</em>. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (U.S.A.), and Oxford, 328 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814007-9.00003-7</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E., Loureiro, J. & Crouch, N.R. (2019b) <em>Kalanchoe</em> ×<em>gunniae</em> Gideon F.Sm & Figueiredo (Crassulaceae), a new South African nothospecies derived from <em>Kalanchoe paniculata</em> Harv. × <em>Kalanchoe sexangularis</em> N.E.Br.<em> Bradleya</em> 37: 141–150. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n37.2019.a9</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Hahn, N. (2019) <em>Kalanchoe crundallii</em> I.Verd. (Crassulaceae), the chameleon kalanchoe, a little-known South African endemic from the Soutpansberg, Limpopo Province, with notes on its conservation status. <em>Bradleya</em> 37: 112–117. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n37.2019.a5</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Hankey, A. (2021) <em>Kalanchoe</em> ×<em>forbesiae</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) derived from <em>K. lubangensis</em> × <em>K. sexangularis</em>: towards improved horticultural material. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 528 (5): 290–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.528.5.3</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Klein, D.-P. & Shtein, R. (2021b) A revision of the Malagasy <em>Kalanchoe</em> subg. <em>Kitchingia</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): history, taxonomy, and nomenclature. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 507 (1): 67–80. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.507.1.3</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022a) The nomenclature and taxonomy of Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae resolved. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 555 (3): 241–251. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.3.3</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022b) (2908) Proposal to reject the name Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae (Crassulaceae). <em>Taxon</em> 71 (4): 910–911. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12778</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Shtein, R. (2021) A review of horticulturally desirable characters in <em>Kalanchoe</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): variable and deviating vegetative and reproductive morphologies useful in breeding programmes. <em>Haseltonia</em> 28: 106–119. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.028.0110</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Shtein, R. & Klein, D.-P. (2021a) <em>Kalanchoe</em> subg. <em>Alatae</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new rank for <em>K</em>. sect. <em>Alatae</em>. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 509 (2): 255–258. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.9</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Shtein, R., Klein, D.-P., Parihar, B., Almeida, A., Rodewald, S. & Kadereit, G. (2021c) Special Review. Sexual and asexual reproduction in <em>Kalanchoe</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): a review of known and newly recorded strategies. <em>Haseltonia</em> 28: 2–22. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.028.0101</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Thiers, B. (2022 [continuously updated]) <em>Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 2022).</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tölken, H.R. (1985) Crassulaceae. 3166, 4. <em>Kalanchoe</em>. 3166a, 5. <em>Bryophyllum</em>. <em>In</em>: Leistner, O.A. (ed.) <em>Flora of Southern Africa</em> 14. Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, place of publication not stated, likely Pretoria, pp. 61–74.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017</em>. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten. [Regnum Vegetabile 159], 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Verdoorn, I.C. (1942) <em>’n Inleiding tot plantkunde en tot enige Transvaalse veldblomme</em>. Van Schaik Bpk. Uitgewers, Pretoria, 146 [148] pp.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Verdoorn, I.C. (1946) <em>Kalanchoe crundallii</em>. Transvaal. Crassulaceae. <em>The Flowering Plants of Africa</em> 25: t. 967. Available from: https://archive.org/details/floweringplantso25unse/page/n39/mode/2up (accessed 6 October 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Von Poellnitz, [J.]K.[L.A.]. (1934) XV. <em>Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana</em>. <em>Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis. Centralblatt für Sammlung und Veröffentlichung von Einzeldiagnosen neuer Pflanzen</em> 35: 159–160. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19340350803</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Wood, J.M. (1903) <em>Kalanchoe longiflora</em>, Schlechter, MSS. Natural Order, Crassulaceae. <em>Natal Plants</em>, Vol. 4, part I: t. 320 [lacking page numbers]. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/184227#page/72/mode/1up (accessed 6 October 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Anonymous. (2022 [May]) Indigenous. Local white-flowering shrubs. <em>The Gardener (South Africa)</em> May 2022: 46–47.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Baker, J.G. (1881 [21 February]) Notes on a collection of flowering plants made by L. Kitching, Esq., in Madagascar in 1879 (Plates VII. & VIII.). <em>Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany</em> 18: 264–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1881.tb01257.x</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Baker, J.G. (1883 [1884; published 24 March 1883]) Contributions to the flora of Madagascar.—Part I. Polypetalæ [Plates XXII & XXIII]. <em>Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany</em> (<em>London</em>) 20: 87–158. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1883.tb00195.x</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Berger, A. (1930 [Mai]) Crassulaceae. Unterfam. II. Kalanchoideae [sic, Kalanchooideae]. 6. <em>Kalanchoe</em> Adanson. 7. <em>Kitchingia</em> Baker. 8. <em>Bryophyllum</em> Salisb. <em>In</em>: Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (eds.) <em>Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien</em>. edn 2, 18a. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 378–386, 402–412.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Brown, N.E. (1913) 1436. <em>Kalanchoe sexangularis</em>. <em>In:</em> XVII—Diagnoses Africanae LIII. <em>Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew</em> 1913 (3): 120–121. https://doi.org/10.2307/4115096</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Clifton, J. (1990) <em>Making a white garden</em>. George Weidenfeld and Nicolson Limited, London, 112 pp.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Compton, R.H. (1967) Plantae novae Africanae. Series XXXII. <em>Journal of South African Botany</em> 33: 293–304.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Crouch, N.R., Smith, G.F., Walters, M. & Figueiredo, E. (2016) <em>Kalanchoe winteri</em> Gideon F.Sm., N.R.Crouch & Mich.Walters (Crassulaceae), a new species from the Wolkberg Centre of Endemism, South Africa. <em>Bradleya</em> 34: 217–224. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n34.2016.a9</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Eller, B.M. & Willi, P. (1977) Die Bedeutung der Wachsausblühungen auf Blättern von <em>Kalanchoe pumila</em> Baker für die Absorption der Globalstrahlung. <em>Flora</em> 166: 461–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-2530(17)32166-7 </span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fernandes, R.B. (1978) Crassulaceae africanae novae vel minus cognitae. <em>Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana</em> (sér. 2.<sup>a</sup>), LII: 165–220.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2021) Women in the first three centuries of formal botany in southern Africa. <em>Blumea</em> 66 (3): 275–307. https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.03.10</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Figueiredo, E., Smith, G.F. & Crouch, N.R. (2016) The taxonomy and type of <em>Kalanchoe sexangularis</em> N.E.Br. (Crassulaceae). <em>Bradleya</em> 34: 92–99. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n34.2016.a24</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Fourie, D.M.C. (1989) Obituary. Inez Clare Verdoorn (1896–1989). <em>Bothalia</em> 19 (2): 313–318. Available from: https://archive.org/details/bothaliavolume1919unse/page/n319/mode/2up (accessed 6 October 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Germishuizen, G. (1976 [July]) Dr I.C. Verdoorn. <em>Forum Botanicum</em> 14 (7): 45.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gunn, M. & Codd, L.E. (1981) <em>Botanical exploration of southern Africa. An illustrated history of early botanical literature on the Cape flora. Biographical accounts of the leading plant collectors and their activities in southern Africa from the days of the East India Company until modern times</em>. A.A. Balkema, Cape Town, 400 pp.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hahn, N. (2002) <em>Endemic flora of the Soutpansberg</em>. Master of Science thesis, School of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Natal [now University of KwaZulu-Natal], Pietermaritzburg, 219 [221] pp.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hahn, N. (2017) Endemic flora of the Soutpansberg, Blouberg and Makgabeng. <em>South African Journal of Botany</em> 113: 324–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2017.09.006</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hamet, R. (1908) <em>Kalanchoe luciae</em> sp. nov.. <em>Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier</em>, sér. 2, 8: 254–257. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104945#page/290/mode/1up (accessed 6 October 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Harvey, W.H. (1862) Order LIII. Crassulaceae, D.C. VIII. <em>Kalanchoe</em>, Adans. <em>In</em>: W.H. Harvey & O.W. Sonder, <em>Flora capensis</em> [<em>being a systematic description of the plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, & Port Natal</em>], Vol. 2. L. Reeve & Co., Ltd, Kent, pp. 378–380.Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/15233#page/386/mode/1up (accessed 6 October 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">IPNI. (2022 [continuously updated]) <em>The International Plant Names Index</em>. Available from: https://www.ipni.org/ (accessed 2022).</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Koorders, S.H. (1919 [Mai] [24 October 1918]) Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Flora von Java No. 18. Beschreibung von <em>Kalanchoë Schumacheri</em> vom Idjen-Plateau und Revision der Crassulaceae von Java. (Mit 2 lithographischen Tafeln.). <em>Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg</em> sér. 3, 1 (3): 169–180, Figures 14 and 15. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27173#page/205/mode/1up (text); https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27173#page/243/mode/1up (figures) (accessed 6 October 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kroon, G.H., De Jong, J. & Van Raamsdonk, L.W.D. (1989) Evaluation of the genus <em>Kalanchoe</em> for breeding of new cutflowers and potplants. <em>Acta Horticulturae</em> (International Symposium on the Development of New Floricultural Crops) 252: 111–116. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1989.252.14</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Raymond-Hamet. (1916) Sur un groupe de transition reliant le genre <em>Kalanchoe</em> au genre <em>Cotyledon</em>. <em>Revue Générale de Botanique, Paris</em> XXVIII: 80–84. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45180#page/83/mode/1up (accessed 6 October 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Raymond-Hamet. (1933) Observations sur le <em>Kalanchoe uniflora</em> (Stapf) Raymond-Hamet. <em>Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France</em> 80 (4): 542–548. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1933.10833878</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Salisbury, R.A. (1805 [1 June 1805]) <em>The Paradisus Londinensis: or coloured figures of plants cultivated in the vicinity of the metropolis</em>, Vol. 1. Published by William Hooker, No. 6, Frith Street, city not stated, presumably London, 157 pp. & 117 plates. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53520</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2020a) <em>Kalanchoe</em> ×<em>estrelae</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): a new nothospecies for the hybrid between <em>K. luciae</em> and <em>K. sexangularis</em>. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 441 (2): 225–228. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.2.11</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2020b) Plant smart. The big easy. Gardening with <em>Kalanchoe</em>. <em>Veld & Flora</em> 106 (3): 40–43.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2020c) Zwei Neuzugänge im <em>Kalanchoe</em>-Gartenbau: <em>K</em>. ×<em>estrelae</em> and <em>K</em>. ×<em>gunniae</em>. / Two recent additions to <em>Kalanchoe</em> horticulture: <em>K</em>. ×<em>estrelae</em> and <em>K</em>. ×<em>gunniae</em>. <em>Avonia</em> 38 (4): 322–327.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2020d) <em>Kalanchoe</em> ×<em>hankeyi</em> [= <em>K. longiflora</em> × <em>K. sexangularis</em>] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new nothospecies from South Africa. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 451 (1): 93–96. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.451.1.9</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2020e) Character inheritance in <em>Kalanchoe </em>‘Vivien’ Bischofberger (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a cultivar derived from an interspecific hybrid between two southern African species (<em>K. luciae </em>Raym.-Hamet × <em>K. sexangularis </em>N.E.Br.). <em>Bradleya</em> 38: 3–13. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n38.2020.a1</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2020f) <em>Kalanchoe</em> Adans. subg. <em>Fernandesiae</em> Gideon F.Sm. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new subgenus from southern and south-tropical Africa. <em>Haseltonia</em> 27: 2–7. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.027.0101</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2021a) <em>Cultivation notes.</em> <em>Kalanchoe</em>. Supplement to <em>CactusWorld</em> 39 (1), March 2021, 2 pp. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a18</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2021b) <em>Kalanchoe</em> ×<em>leistneri</em> (<em>K. sexangularis</em> × <em>K. winteri</em>) (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new southern African nothospecies. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 509 (2): 248–254. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.8</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2021c) Meet the kalanchoe people. New South African kalanchoe hybrids have been named in honour of key figures in our botany and horticulture. <em>Veld & Flora</em> 107 (2): 40–43.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2021d) Reinstatement of <em>Kalanchoe</em> [subg. <em>Bryophyllum</em>] sect. <em>Alatae</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) for <em>K. porphyrocalyx</em> and <em>K. uniflora</em>, two Madagascan endemics. <em>Bradleya</em> 39: 177–181. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a17</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2022a) Identity of <em>Kalanchoe</em> ‘Fang’ and <em>K</em>. ‘Rose Leaf’, two cultivars derived from <em>K</em>. ×<em>edwardii</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), with notes on aspects of interspecific hybridisation in the genus. <em>Bradleya</em> 40: 151–160. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n40.2022.a14</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2022b) Notes on <em>Kalanchoe</em> subg. <em>Bryophyllum</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and the kalanchoes of Sijfert H. Koorders (1919). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 549 (1): 87–96. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.549.1.7</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. (2022c) A review of the ecology and natural history of <em>Kalanchoe</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in southern Africa. <em>Bradleya</em> 40: 161–184. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n40.2022.a15</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Crouch, N.R. (2021) <em>Kalanchoe benbothae</em> (<em>K.</em> subg. <em>Fernandesiae</em>; Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new southern African species endemic to KwaZulu-Natal in the Maputaland-Pondoland Region of Endemism. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 521 (2): 105–112. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.521.2.4</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Crouch, N.R. & Figueiredo, E. (2016) Reinstatement of <em>Kalanchoe montana</em> Compton (Crassulaceae), a distinctive species from the Barberton Center of Endemism, eastern southern Africa. <em>Haseltonia</em> 22: 64–72. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.022.0112</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Crouch, N.R. & Figueiredo, E. (2021c) <em>Kalanchoe crouchii</em>. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Mpumalanga, South Africa. <em>Flowering Plants of Africa</em> 67: 60–68, plate 2366. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a16</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018a) The infrageneric classification and nomenclature of <em>Kalanchoe </em>Adans. (Crassulaceae), with special reference to the southern African species. <em>Bradleya </em>36: 162–172. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n36.2018.a10</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018b) <em>Kalanchoe crouchii</em> Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo (Crassulaceae), a new species from the dolomites of the Wolkberg Centre of Endemism, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. <em>Haseltonia</em> 25: 84–90. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.025.0107</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021a) <em>Kalanchoe pumila</em>. Crassulaceae: Kalanchooideae. Madagascar. <em>Flowering Plants of Africa</em> 67: 92–102, plate 2369. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n39.2021.a22</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021b) (2852) Proposal to reject the name <em>Kalanchoe aleurodes</em> (Crassulaceae: Kalanchooideae). <em>Taxon</em> 70 (6): 1371–1372. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12632</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022) Lectotypification of the name <em>Kalanchoe wildii</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 538 (2): 157–162. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.538.2.8</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Crouch, N.R. (2019c) <em>Kalanchoe winteri</em>. Crassulaceae. South Africa. <em>Flowering Plants of Africa</em> 66: 62–69, plate 2348. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n37.2019.a9</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Oberlander, K. (2022) A review and update of the conservation status of <em>Kalanchoe</em> species (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in the <em>Flora of Southern Africa</em> region. <em>Bradleya 40</em><sup><em>th</em></sup><em> Anniversary Special Conservation Edition 2022</em>: 181–193. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.sp40.2022.a18</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A.E. (2019a) Kalanchoe <em>(Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation</em>. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (U.S.A.), and Oxford, 328 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814007-9.00003-7</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Figueiredo, E., Loureiro, J. & Crouch, N.R. (2019b) <em>Kalanchoe</em> ×<em>gunniae</em> Gideon F.Sm & Figueiredo (Crassulaceae), a new South African nothospecies derived from <em>Kalanchoe paniculata</em> Harv. × <em>Kalanchoe sexangularis</em> N.E.Br.<em> Bradleya</em> 37: 141–150. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n37.2019.a9</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Hahn, N. (2019) <em>Kalanchoe crundallii</em> I.Verd. (Crassulaceae), the chameleon kalanchoe, a little-known South African endemic from the Soutpansberg, Limpopo Province, with notes on its conservation status. <em>Bradleya</em> 37: 112–117. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n37.2019.a5</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Hankey, A. (2021) <em>Kalanchoe</em> ×<em>forbesiae</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) derived from <em>K. lubangensis</em> × <em>K. sexangularis</em>: towards improved horticultural material. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 528 (5): 290–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.528.5.3</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Klein, D.-P. & Shtein, R. (2021b) A revision of the Malagasy <em>Kalanchoe</em> subg. <em>Kitchingia</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): history, taxonomy, and nomenclature. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 507 (1): 67–80. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.507.1.3</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022a) The nomenclature and taxonomy of Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae resolved. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 555 (3): 241–251. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.3.3</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Monro, A.M. (2022b) (2908) Proposal to reject the name Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae (Crassulaceae). <em>Taxon</em> 71 (4): 910–911. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12778</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F. & Shtein, R. (2021) A review of horticulturally desirable characters in <em>Kalanchoe</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): variable and deviating vegetative and reproductive morphologies useful in breeding programmes. <em>Haseltonia</em> 28: 106–119. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.028.0110</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Shtein, R. & Klein, D.-P. (2021a) <em>Kalanchoe</em> subg. <em>Alatae</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new rank for <em>K</em>. sect. <em>Alatae</em>. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 509 (2): 255–258. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.9</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Smith, G.F., Shtein, R., Klein, D.-P., Parihar, B., Almeida, A., Rodewald, S. & Kadereit, G. (2021c) Special Review. Sexual and asexual reproduction in <em>Kalanchoe</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): a review of known and newly recorded strategies. <em>Haseltonia</em> 28: 2–22. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.028.0101</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Thiers, B. (2022 [continuously updated]) <em>Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 2022).</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tölken, H.R. (1985) Crassulaceae. 3166, 4. <em>Kalanchoe</em>. 3166a, 5. <em>Bryophyllum</em>. <em>In</em>: Leistner, O.A. (ed.) <em>Flora of Southern Africa</em> 14. Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, place of publication not stated, likely Pretoria, pp. 61–74.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017</em>. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten. [Regnum Vegetabile 159], 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Verdoorn, I.C. (1942) <em>’n Inleiding tot plantkunde en tot enige Transvaalse veldblomme</em>. Van Schaik Bpk. Uitgewers, Pretoria, 146 [148] pp.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Verdoorn, I.C. (1946) <em>Kalanchoe crundallii</em>. Transvaal. Crassulaceae. <em>The Flowering Plants of Africa</em> 25: t. 967. Available from: https://archive.org/details/floweringplantso25unse/page/n39/mode/2up (accessed 6 October 2022)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Von Poellnitz, [J.]K.[L.A.]. (1934) XV. <em>Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana</em>. <em>Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis. Centralblatt für Sammlung und Veröffentlichung von Einzeldiagnosen neuer Pflanzen</em> 35: 159–160. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19340350803</span></span></span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Wood, J.M. (1903) <em>Kalanchoe longiflora</em>, Schlechter, MSS. Natural Order, Crassulaceae. <em>Natal Plants</em>, Vol. 4, part I: t. 320 [lacking page numbers]. Available from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/184227#page/72/mode/1up (accessed 6 October 2022)</span></span></span></p>