Abstract
Combretum xylocarpum, a new species from China, is described and illustrated. It is similar to C. acuminatum in leaf shape, spike position, flower structure and hypanthium shape, but obviously different from it by its fewer secondary veins, pale whitish flower petals, ellipsoidal woody fruits with 4 rounded ridges. In addition, the pollen grains of the new species exhibit unique characters comparing to other congeneric allies. Its conservation status is assessed to be Least Concern, according to the IUCN Red List Criteria and Category.
References
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<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Beentje, H. & Williamson, J. (2016) The Kew Plant Glossary, an illustrated dictionary of plant terms. Second Edition. Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, 192 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Brongniart, A.T. (1826) Memoire sur la Famille des Rhamnees, ou, Histoire naturelle et médicale des genres qui composent ce groupe de plantes. De l’imprimerie de Didot le Jeune, A Paris, 78 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.97298</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Brown, R. (1810) Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van-Diemen, exhibens characteres plantarum. Typis R. Taylor et socii, Londini, 590 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.3678</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Chen, J. & Turland, N.J. (2007) Combretaceae. In: Wu, C.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) Flora of China. Vol. 13. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 316–320.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Don, G. (1827) A review of the Genus Combretum. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15 (2): 412–441. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1826.tb00124.x</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Eichler, A.W. (1866) Thiloa und Buchenavia, zwei neue Gattungen der Combretaceen. Flora 49: 145–152.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">El Ghazali, G.E.B. & Krzywinski, K. (1989) An attempt to clarify the term Heterocolpate. Grana 28 (3): 179–186. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00173138909427429</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">El Ghazali, G.E.B. (2016) A study on the pollen morphology of the genus Combretum Loefl. and its taxonomic significance. South Asian Journal Experimental Biology 6: 131–142. https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.6(4).p131-142</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Exell, A.W. & Stace, C.A. (1966) Revision of the Combretaceae. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana, sér. 2, 40 (11): 5–26.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gholave, A.R., Kambale, S.S., Lekhak, M.M. & Yadav, S.R. (2015) Combretum shivannae (Combretaceae), a new species from India. Kew Bulletin 70: 33. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12225-015-9582-9</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria, ver. 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee of the IUCN Species Survival Commission, <www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf> (accessed 5 May 2020)</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jongkind, C.C.H. (1990) [1991] Novitates Gabonenses, 6. Some critical observations on Combretum versus Quisqualis (Combretaceae) and description of two new species of Combretum. Bulletin du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, B, Adansonia 12 (3–4): 275–280.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jongkind, C.C.H. (2014) Notes on African Combretum Loefl. species (Combretaceae). Adansonia, sér. 3, 36 (2): 315–327. https://dx.doi.org/10.5252/a2014n2a11</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jongkind, C.C.H. (2018) Novitates Gabonenses 89: Combretum longistipitatum Jongkind, sp. nov. (Combretaceae), a new liana species from Gabon. Adansonia, sér. 3, 40 (9): 131–134. https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2018v40a9</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jongkind, C.C.H. (2021) A review of Combretum falcatum (Welw. ex Hiern) Jongkind (Combretaceae) and related species from Africa, including Combretum baldwinii Jongkind, sp. nov., from Nigeria. Adansonia, sér. 3, 43 (22): 241–249. https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2021v43a22.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Krachai, P. & Pornpongrungrueng, P. (2015) Pollen morphology of Combretaceae from Thailand and its taxonomic significance. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 43: 4–14.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum. Vol. 1. Imprensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 560 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Linnaeus, C. (1762) Species plantarum, ed. 2, Vol. 1. L. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 784 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11179</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Loefling, P. (1758) Iter Hispanicum. Ttryckt på Direct. Lars Salvii Kostnad, Stockholm, pp. 338.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Maurin, O., Chase, M.W., Jordaan, M. & Van Der Bank, M. (2010) Phylogenetic relationships of Combretaceae inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA sequence data: implications for generic classification, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 162 (3): 453–476. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01027.x</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Maurin, O., Turner, I.M., Boatwright, J.S. & Christenhusz, M.J.M. (2020) New combinations in Combretaceae subtribe Combretinae from Africa and Asia, Phytotaxa 451 (3): 231–237. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.451.3.6</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Maurin, O., Anest, A., Bellot, S., Biffin, E., Brewer, G., Charles-Dominique, T., Cowan, R.S., Dodsworth, S., Epitawalage, N., Gallego, B., Giaretta, A., Goldenberg, R., Gonçalves, D.J.P., Graham, S., Hoch, P., Mazine, F., Low, Y.W., McGinnie, C., Michelangeli, F.A., Morris, S., Penneys, D.S., Pérez-Escobar, O.A., Pillon, Y., Pokorny, L., Shimizu, G., Staggemeier, V.G., Thornhill, A.H., Tomlinson, K.W., Turner, I.M., Vasconcelos, T., Wilson, P.G., Zuntini, A.R., Baker, W.J., Forest, F. & Lucas, E. (2021) A nuclear phylogenomic study of the angiosperm order Myrtales, exploring the potential and limitations of the universal Angiosperms353 probe set. American Journal of Botany 108 (7): 1087–1111. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1699</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Punt, W., Hoen, P.P., Blackmore, S., Nilsson, S. & Thomas, A.L. (2007) Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 143: 1–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.06.008</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Puy, D.J.D. & Telford, I.R.H. (1993) Combretaceae. In: George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) Flora of Australia, Vol. 50, Oceanic Islands 2. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, pp. 241–247.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Roxburgh, W. (1832) Flora Indica, or, descriptions of Indian Plants. Vol. 2. Serampore, Printed at the Mission Press. 588 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.590</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stace, C.A. (2007) Combretaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. (Ed.) Flowering Plant. Eudicots. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Vol. 9. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 67–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32219-1_11</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Thiers, B.M. (2022) Index herbariorum. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 12 April 2022)</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Beentje, H. & Williamson, J. (2016) The Kew Plant Glossary, an illustrated dictionary of plant terms. Second Edition. Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, 192 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Brongniart, A.T. (1826) Memoire sur la Famille des Rhamnees, ou, Histoire naturelle et médicale des genres qui composent ce groupe de plantes. De l’imprimerie de Didot le Jeune, A Paris, 78 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.97298</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Brown, R. (1810) Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van-Diemen, exhibens characteres plantarum. Typis R. Taylor et socii, Londini, 590 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.3678</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Chen, J. & Turland, N.J. (2007) Combretaceae. In: Wu, C.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) Flora of China. Vol. 13. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 316–320.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Don, G. (1827) A review of the Genus Combretum. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15 (2): 412–441. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1826.tb00124.x</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Eichler, A.W. (1866) Thiloa und Buchenavia, zwei neue Gattungen der Combretaceen. Flora 49: 145–152.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">El Ghazali, G.E.B. & Krzywinski, K. (1989) An attempt to clarify the term Heterocolpate. Grana 28 (3): 179–186. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00173138909427429</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">El Ghazali, G.E.B. (2016) A study on the pollen morphology of the genus Combretum Loefl. and its taxonomic significance. South Asian Journal Experimental Biology 6: 131–142. https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.6(4).p131-142</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Exell, A.W. & Stace, C.A. (1966) Revision of the Combretaceae. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana, sér. 2, 40 (11): 5–26.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gholave, A.R., Kambale, S.S., Lekhak, M.M. & Yadav, S.R. (2015) Combretum shivannae (Combretaceae), a new species from India. Kew Bulletin 70: 33. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12225-015-9582-9</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria, ver. 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee of the IUCN Species Survival Commission, <www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf> (accessed 5 May 2020)</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jongkind, C.C.H. (1990) [1991] Novitates Gabonenses, 6. Some critical observations on Combretum versus Quisqualis (Combretaceae) and description of two new species of Combretum. Bulletin du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, B, Adansonia 12 (3–4): 275–280.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jongkind, C.C.H. (2014) Notes on African Combretum Loefl. species (Combretaceae). Adansonia, sér. 3, 36 (2): 315–327. https://dx.doi.org/10.5252/a2014n2a11</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jongkind, C.C.H. (2018) Novitates Gabonenses 89: Combretum longistipitatum Jongkind, sp. nov. (Combretaceae), a new liana species from Gabon. Adansonia, sér. 3, 40 (9): 131–134. https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2018v40a9</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jongkind, C.C.H. (2021) A review of Combretum falcatum (Welw. ex Hiern) Jongkind (Combretaceae) and related species from Africa, including Combretum baldwinii Jongkind, sp. nov., from Nigeria. Adansonia, sér. 3, 43 (22): 241–249. https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2021v43a22.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Krachai, P. & Pornpongrungrueng, P. (2015) Pollen morphology of Combretaceae from Thailand and its taxonomic significance. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 43: 4–14.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum. Vol. 1. Imprensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 560 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Linnaeus, C. (1762) Species plantarum, ed. 2, Vol. 1. L. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 784 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11179</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Loefling, P. (1758) Iter Hispanicum. Ttryckt på Direct. Lars Salvii Kostnad, Stockholm, pp. 338.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Maurin, O., Chase, M.W., Jordaan, M. & Van Der Bank, M. (2010) Phylogenetic relationships of Combretaceae inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA sequence data: implications for generic classification, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 162 (3): 453–476. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01027.x</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Maurin, O., Turner, I.M., Boatwright, J.S. & Christenhusz, M.J.M. (2020) New combinations in Combretaceae subtribe Combretinae from Africa and Asia, Phytotaxa 451 (3): 231–237. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.451.3.6</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Maurin, O., Anest, A., Bellot, S., Biffin, E., Brewer, G., Charles-Dominique, T., Cowan, R.S., Dodsworth, S., Epitawalage, N., Gallego, B., Giaretta, A., Goldenberg, R., Gonçalves, D.J.P., Graham, S., Hoch, P., Mazine, F., Low, Y.W., McGinnie, C., Michelangeli, F.A., Morris, S., Penneys, D.S., Pérez-Escobar, O.A., Pillon, Y., Pokorny, L., Shimizu, G., Staggemeier, V.G., Thornhill, A.H., Tomlinson, K.W., Turner, I.M., Vasconcelos, T., Wilson, P.G., Zuntini, A.R., Baker, W.J., Forest, F. & Lucas, E. (2021) A nuclear phylogenomic study of the angiosperm order Myrtales, exploring the potential and limitations of the universal Angiosperms353 probe set. American Journal of Botany 108 (7): 1087–1111. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1699</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Punt, W., Hoen, P.P., Blackmore, S., Nilsson, S. & Thomas, A.L. (2007) Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 143: 1–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.06.008</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Puy, D.J.D. & Telford, I.R.H. (1993) Combretaceae. In: George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) Flora of Australia, Vol. 50, Oceanic Islands 2. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, pp. 241–247.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Roxburgh, W. (1832) Flora Indica, or, descriptions of Indian Plants. Vol. 2. Serampore, Printed at the Mission Press. 588 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.590</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stace, C.A. (2007) Combretaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. (Ed.) Flowering Plant. Eudicots. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Vol. 9. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 67–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32219-1_11</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Thiers, B.M. (2022) Index herbariorum. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 12 April 2022)</span></span></span>
