Abstract
Two new species of Magnolia from Guatemala are described and illustrated, one belonging to Magnolia sect. Magnolia, M. weerakitana from Alta Verapaz Department, and the other to Magnolia sect. Talauma, M. quichensis, from Quiché Department. Magnolia lacandonica is first recorded for the flora of Guatemala. In this contribution, the number of native species of the genus for Guatemala increased from 15 to 18 species, occupying fourth place in the diversity of species of the genus in the Neotropics. We provide a map for magnolias for the Departments and an updated key to Guatemalan magnolias. The status of the two new species is proposed as endangered (EN) and as critically endangered (CR) according to IUCN criteria.
References
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<p>CONAP (2011) <em>The Guatemalan system of protected areas: fundamental basis for the fundamental development of the well-being of Guatemalan society</em>. CONAP/ZOOTROPIC, Guatemala, 360 pp.</p>
<p>Dandy, J.E. (1930) A new <em>Magnolia</em> from Honduras. <em>Journal of Botany</em> 68: 146–147.</p>
<p>De Candolle, A.P. (1817) <em>Regni vegetabilis systema naturale, </em>volumen primum. Treuttel & Würtz, Paris, 564 pp.</p>
<p>De la Cruz, R. (1982) <em>Clasificación de zonas de vida de Guatemala a nivel de reconocimiento</em>. Instituto Nacional Forestal, Guatemala, 42 pp.</p>
<p>Don, G. (1831) <em>General history of the dichlamydeous plants, comprising complete description of the different orders</em>, vol. 1. Gilbert & Rivington, London, 818 pp.</p>
<p>Donnell-Smith, J. (1887) Undescribed plants from Guatemala. <em>Botanical Gazette</em> 12: 131–134.</p>
<p>Donnell-Smith, J. (1909) Undescribed plants from Guatemala and other Central American republics. <em>Botanical Gazette</em> 47: 253–262.</p>
<p>Enquist, B., Feng, X., Boyle, B., Maitner, B., Newman, E., Jørgensen, P., Roehrdanz, P., Thiers, B., Burger, J., Corlett, R., Couvreur, T., Dauby, G., Donoghue, J., Foden, W., Lovett, J., Marquet, P., Merow, C., Midgley, G., Morueta-Holme, N., Neves, D., Oliveira-Filho, A., Kraft, N., Park, D., Peet, R., Pillet, M., Serra-Diaz, J., Sandel, B., Schildhauer, M., Šímová, I., Violle, C., Wieringa, J., Wiser, S., Hannah, L., Svenning, J. & McGill, B. (2019) The commonness of rarity: global and future distribution of rarity across land plants. <em>Science Advances</em> 5: eaaz0414. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz0414</p>
<p>Figlar, R.B. & Nooteboom, H.P. (2004) Notes on Magnoliaceae IV. <em>Blumea</em> 49: 87–100. https://doi.org/10.3767/000651904X486214</p>
<p>Gentry, A.H. (1978) Floristic knowledge and needs in Pacific tropical America. <em>Brittonia </em>30: 134–153.</p>
<p>Holdridge, L. (1978) <em>Ecología basada en zonas de vida</em>. IICA, Costa Rica, 216 pp.</p>
<p>Humboldt, A., Bompland, A. & Kunth, K.S. (1817) <em>Nova genera et species plantarum 2</em>, Librariae Greco-Latino-Germanicae, Paris, 405 pp.</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) <em>Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria</em>, version 14. Standards and Petitions Committee, New York, 113 pp.</p>
<p>Jussieu, A.L (1789) <em>Genera plantarum 1</em>. Herissant & Barrois, Paris, 498 pp.</p>
<p>Liebmann, F.M. (1854) Mödet den 19de Mai. <em>Oversigt over det kongelige danske videnskabernes selskabs forhandlinger og dets medlemmers arbeider</em> 5–6: 159–191.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>. Salvius, Stockholm, 560 pp.</p>
<p>MAGA [Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Alimentación]. (2002) Mapa 13: Mapa de zonas de vida de Holdridge: zonas de vida por departamento y descripción <em>In:</em> MAGA. <em>Atlas temático de la república de Guatemala</em>. MAGA, Guatemala City, pp. 54.</p>
<p>Marshall, H. (1785) <em>Arbustrum Americanum</em>. Joseph Crukshank, Philadelphia, 174 pp.</p>
<p>Miranda, F. (1965) Studies on trees and shrubs from tropical America, mainly from Mexico. <em>Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica de México</em> 29: 34–48. https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1087</p>
<p>Molina-Rositto, A. (1974) Una contribución de varias plantas nuevas en América Central. <em>Ceiba</em> 18: 95–106.</p>
<p>Sandel, B., Weigelt, P., Kreft, H., Keppel, G., van der Sande, M.T., Levin, S., Smith, S., Craven, D. & Knight, T.M. (2019) Current climate, isolation and history drive global patterns of tree phylogenetic endemism. <em>Global Ecology and Biogeography</em> 29: 4–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13001</p>
<p>SINIT-SEGEPLAN (2018). Shaded topographic relieve. Available from: http://ide.segeplan.gob.gt/cgi-bin/mapserv.exe?map=/ot_web/ot_hill_tile.map (accessed 15 December 2021).</p>
<p>Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946) Flora of Guatemala<em>. Fieldana: Botany </em>24: 1–502.</p>
<p>Standley, P.C. & Williams, L.O. (1950) Plantas nuevas. <em>Ceiba</em> 1: 73 – 96.</p>
<p>Steyermark, J.A. (1950) Flora of Guatemala. <em>Ecology</em> 31: 368–372.</p>
<p>Ter Steege, H., Vaessen, R.W., Cárdenas-López, D., Sabatier, D., Antonelli, A., de Oliveira, S.M., Pitman, N.C.A., Jørgensen, P.M. & Salomão, R.P. (2016) The discovery of the Amazonian tree flora with an updated checklist of all known tree taxa. <em>Scientific Reports</em> 6: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep29549</p>
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