Abstract
Two new species of Magnolia from Guatemala are described and illustrated, one belonging to Magnolia sect. Magnolia, M. weerakitana from Alta Verapaz Department, and the other to Magnolia sect. Talauma, M. quichensis, from Quiché Department. Magnolia lacandonica is first recorded for the flora of Guatemala. In this contribution, the number of native species of the genus for Guatemala increased from 15 to 18 species, occupying fourth place in the diversity of species of the genus in the Neotropics. We provide a map for magnolias for the Departments and an updated key to Guatemalan magnolias. The status of the two new species is proposed as endangered (EN) and as critically endangered (CR) according to IUCN criteria.
References
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Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum. Salvius, Stockholm, 560 pp.
MAGA [Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Alimentación]. (2002) Mapa 13: Mapa de zonas de vida de Holdridge: zonas de vida por departamento y descripción In: MAGA. Atlas temático de la república de Guatemala. MAGA, Guatemala City, pp. 54.
Marshall, H. (1785) Arbustrum Americanum. Joseph Crukshank, Philadelphia, 174 pp.
Miranda, F. (1965) Studies on trees and shrubs from tropical America, mainly from Mexico. Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica de México 29: 34–48. https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1087
Molina-Rositto, A. (1974) Una contribución de varias plantas nuevas en América Central. Ceiba 18: 95–106.
Sandel, B., Weigelt, P., Kreft, H., Keppel, G., van der Sande, M.T., Levin, S., Smith, S., Craven, D. & Knight, T.M. (2019) Current climate, isolation and history drive global patterns of tree phylogenetic endemism. Global Ecology and Biogeography 29: 4–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13001
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CONAP (2011) The Guatemalan system of protected areas: fundamental basis for the fundamental development of the well-being of Guatemalan society. CONAP/ZOOTROPIC, Guatemala, 360 pp.
Dandy, J.E. (1930) A new Magnolia from Honduras. Journal of Botany 68: 146–147.
De Candolle, A.P. (1817) Regni vegetabilis systema naturale, volumen primum. Treuttel & Würtz, Paris, 564 pp.
De la Cruz, R. (1982) Clasificación de zonas de vida de Guatemala a nivel de reconocimiento. Instituto Nacional Forestal, Guatemala, 42 pp.
Don, G. (1831) General history of the dichlamydeous plants, comprising complete description of the different orders, vol. 1. Gilbert & Rivington, London, 818 pp.
Donnell-Smith, J. (1887) Undescribed plants from Guatemala. Botanical Gazette 12: 131–134.
Donnell-Smith, J. (1909) Undescribed plants from Guatemala and other Central American republics. Botanical Gazette 47: 253–262.
Enquist, B., Feng, X., Boyle, B., Maitner, B., Newman, E., Jørgensen, P., Roehrdanz, P., Thiers, B., Burger, J., Corlett, R., Couvreur, T., Dauby, G., Donoghue, J., Foden, W., Lovett, J., Marquet, P., Merow, C., Midgley, G., Morueta-Holme, N., Neves, D., Oliveira-Filho, A., Kraft, N., Park, D., Peet, R., Pillet, M., Serra-Diaz, J., Sandel, B., Schildhauer, M., Šímová, I., Violle, C., Wieringa, J., Wiser, S., Hannah, L., Svenning, J. & McGill, B. (2019) The commonness of rarity: global and future distribution of rarity across land plants. Science Advances 5: eaaz0414. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz0414
Figlar, R.B. & Nooteboom, H.P. (2004) Notes on Magnoliaceae IV. Blumea 49: 87–100. https://doi.org/10.3767/000651904X486214
Gentry, A.H. (1978) Floristic knowledge and needs in Pacific tropical America. Brittonia 30: 134–153.
Holdridge, L. (1978) Ecología basada en zonas de vida. IICA, Costa Rica, 216 pp.
Humboldt, A., Bompland, A. & Kunth, K.S. (1817) Nova genera et species plantarum 2, Librariae Greco-Latino-Germanicae, Paris, 405 pp.
IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria, version 14. Standards and Petitions Committee, New York, 113 pp.
Jussieu, A.L (1789) Genera plantarum 1. Herissant & Barrois, Paris, 498 pp.
Liebmann, F.M. (1854) Mödet den 19de Mai. Oversigt over det kongelige danske videnskabernes selskabs forhandlinger og dets medlemmers arbeider 5–6: 159–191.
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum. Salvius, Stockholm, 560 pp.
MAGA [Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Alimentación]. (2002) Mapa 13: Mapa de zonas de vida de Holdridge: zonas de vida por departamento y descripción In: MAGA. Atlas temático de la república de Guatemala. MAGA, Guatemala City, pp. 54.
Marshall, H. (1785) Arbustrum Americanum. Joseph Crukshank, Philadelphia, 174 pp.
Miranda, F. (1965) Studies on trees and shrubs from tropical America, mainly from Mexico. Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica de México 29: 34–48. https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1087
Molina-Rositto, A. (1974) Una contribución de varias plantas nuevas en América Central. Ceiba 18: 95–106.
Sandel, B., Weigelt, P., Kreft, H., Keppel, G., van der Sande, M.T., Levin, S., Smith, S., Craven, D. & Knight, T.M. (2019) Current climate, isolation and history drive global patterns of tree phylogenetic endemism. Global Ecology and Biogeography 29: 4–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13001
SINIT-SEGEPLAN (2018). Shaded topographic relieve. Available from: http://ide.segeplan.gob.gt/cgi-bin/mapserv.exe?map=/ot_web/ot_hill_tile.map (accessed 15 December 2021).
Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946) Flora of Guatemala. Fieldana: Botany 24: 1–502.
Standley, P.C. & Williams, L.O. (1950) Plantas nuevas. Ceiba 1: 73 – 96.
Steyermark, J.A. (1950) Flora of Guatemala. Ecology 31: 368–372.
Ter Steege, H., Vaessen, R.W., Cárdenas-López, D., Sabatier, D., Antonelli, A., de Oliveira, S.M., Pitman, N.C.A., Jørgensen, P.M. & Salomão, R.P. (2016) The discovery of the Amazonian tree flora with an updated checklist of all known tree taxa. Scientific Reports 6: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep29549
Tribouillier-Navas, E., Archila, F. & Vázquez-García, J.A. (2019) Notas sobre el género Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) en Guatemala. Neotropical Magnolia Conservation Consortium, Guadalajara, México. Available from: https://www.magnoliamexico2019.org/sites/default/files/contributions-2019-07/Tribouillier_et_al_2019_cmpr.pdf (Accessed 1 November 2019)
Vázquez-García, J.A. (1994) Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) in Mexico and Central America: a synopsis. Brittonia 46: 1–23. https://doi.org/10.2307/2807454
Vázquez-García, J.A., Muñiz-Castro, M.A., De Castro-Arce, E., Murguía-Araiza, R., Nuño-Rubio, A.T. & Cházaro-Basañez, M.J. (2012a) Twenty new Neotropical tree species of Magnolia (Magnoliaceae). In: Salcedo-Pérez, E., Hernández-Álvarez, E., Vázquez-García, J.A., Escoto-García, T. & Echevarría-Díaz, N. (Eds.) Recursos forestales en el occidente de México: diversidad, manejo, producción, aprovechamiento y conservación, Tomo I. Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, pp. 91–130.
Vázquez-García, J.A., Pérez-Farrera, M.Á., Martínez-Meléndez, N., Nieves-Hernández, G. & Muñiz-Castro, M.A. (2012b) Magnolia mayae (Magnoliaceae), a new species from Chiapas, Mexico. Botanical Sciences 90: 109–112. https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.478
Vázquez-García, J.A., Véliz-Pérez, M.E., Tribouillier-Navas, E. & Muñiz-Castro, M.A. (2013a) Magnolia quetzal and Magnolia mayae, a new species and a new record, respectively, for the flora of Guatemala. Phytotaxa 76: 1–6. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.76.1.1
Vázquez-García, J.A., Muñiz-Castro, M.A., Arroyo, F., Pérez, A.J., Serna, M., Cuevas-Guzmán, R., Domínguez-Yescas, R., De Castro-Arce, E., Gurrola-Díaz, M. (2013b) Novelties in Neotropical Magnolia and an addendum proposal to the UICN Red List of Magnoliaceae. In: Salcedo-Pérez, E., Hernández-Álvarez, E., Vázquez-García, J.A., Escoto-García, T. & Echevarría-Díaz, N. (Eds.) Recursos forestales en el occidente de México: diversidad, manejo, producción, aprovechamiento y conservación, Tomo II Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, pp. 461–496.
Vázquez-García, J.A., Pérez-Farrera, M.A., Martínez-Camilo, R., Muñiz-Castro, M.A. & Martínez-Meléndez, N. (2013c). Magnolia lacandonica (subsection Talauma, Magnoliaceae), a new rainforest species from Chiapas, Mexico. Phytotaxa 79: 30–36.
htpps://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.79.1.2
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