Abstract
Fossil microspherules suspected to be marine algal cysts of varying mineralogy are abundant in Paleozoic deposits worldwide. Positive identification of remineralized microspherule fossils is problematic and long debated, particularly for tasmanid species. Several hundred silica-rich microspherules were retrieved through complete maceration of black shale samples from the Givetian Oatka Creek Formation of the Appalachian Basin. Microspherules were analyzed visually through transmitted, incident light, and fluorescence microscopy. The structural features of these microspherules are evident and are interpreted to be Tasmanites sinuous. The images presented herein are the first fluorescence images showing in detail the life cycle stages of the genus Tasmanites. This work also confirms that this tasmanid species does extend into the Givetian as suspected from prior research.
References
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Hackley, P.C., Walters, C.C., Keleman, S.R., Mastalerz, M. & Lowers, H.A. (2017) Organic petrology and micro-spectroscopy of Tasmanites microfossils: applications to kerogen transformations in the early oil window. Organic Geochemistry 114: 23–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2017.09.002
Haddad, E.E., Boyer, D.L., Droser, M.L., Lee, B.K., Lyons, T.W. & Love, G.D. (2018) Ichnofabrics and chemostratigraphy argue against persistent anoxia during the Upper Kellwasser Event in New York State. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 490: 178–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.10.025
He, R., Lu, W., Junium, C.K., Ver Straeten, C.A. & Lu, Z. (2020) Paleo-redox context of the Mid-Devonian Appalachian Basin and its relevance to biocrises. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 257: 328–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.12.019
Jux, U. (1968) Uber den Feinbau der Wandung bei Tasmanites Newton, Palaeontographica. Abteilung B 124: 112–124.
Kelly, A.A., Cohen, P.A. & Boyer, D.L. (2019) Tiny keys to unlocking the Kellwasser events: Detailed characterization of organic walled microfossils associated with extinction in western New York State. Palaios 34 (2): 96–104. https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2018.063
Knoll, A.H. & Swett, K. (1985) Micropalaeontology of the Late Proterozoic Veteranen Group, Spitsbergen. Palaeontology 28: 451–473
Kus, J., Hackley, P. & Ostertag-Henning, C. (2012) Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) applied to micro-structural analysis of alginite in the Huron Member of the Ohio Shale, Appalachian Basin, USA. Lectures and Posters GeoHannover: 1–3.
Lelono, E.B. (2019) The Gondwanan Green Alga Tasmanites sp. in the Permian Lacustrine Deposits of West Timor. Indonesian Journal on Geoscience 6 (3): 255–266. https://doi.org/10.17014/ijog.6.3.255-266
Lewis, L.A. & McCourt, R.M. (2004) Green algae and the origin of land plants. American Journal of Botany 91 (10): 1535–1556. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535
Li, Y. & Schieber, J. (2015) On the origin of a phosphate enriched interval in the Chattanooga Shale (Upper Devonian) of Tennessee—a combined sedimentologic, petrographic, and geochemical study. Sedimentary Geology 329: 40–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2015.09.005
Liu, B., Schieber, J. & Mastalerz, M. (2019a) Petrographic and micro-FTIR study of organic matter in the Upper Devonian New Albany Shale during thermal maturation: Implications for kerogen transformation. In: Camp, W., Milliken, K., Taylor, K., Fishman, N., Hackley, P. & MacQuaker, J. (eds.) Mudstone diagenesis: Research perspectives for shale hydrocarbon reservoirs, seals, and source rocks: AAPG Memoir 120: 165–188. https://doi.org/10.1306/13672216M1213380
Liu, B., Schieber, J., Mastalerz, M. & Teng, J. (2019b) Organic matter content and type variation in the sequence stratigraphic context of the Upper Devonian New Albany Shale, Illinois Basin. Sedimentary Geology 383: 101–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2019.02.004
Liu, B., Schieber, J., Mastalerz, M. & Teng, J. (2020) Variability of rock mechanical properties in the sequence stratigraphic context of the Upper Devonian New Albany Shale, Illinois Basin. Marine and Petroleum Geology 112: 104068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.104068
Martín-Closas, C. (2003) The fossil recordand evolution of freshwater plants: a review. Geologica Acta 1 (4): 315–338.
Meehan, K.C., Kowalski, C., Bartlett, K., Li, I. & Bembia, P. (2020) Successful complete digestion of well lithified shale and extraction of microfossils from Devonian beds in western New York. Stratigraphy 17 (3): 205–212. https://doi.org/10.29041/strat.17.3.205-212
Moczyd?owska, M. (2010) Life cycle of early Cambrian microalgae from the Skiagia-plexus acritarchs. Journal of Paleontology 84 (2): 216–230. https://doi.org/10.1666/09-117R.1
Moczyd?owska, M. (2016) Algal affinities of Ediacaran and Cambrian organic-walled microfossils with internal reproductive bodies: Tanarium and other morphotypes. Palynology 40 (1): 83–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2015.1006341
Moczyd?owska, M., Landing, E.D., Zang, W. & Palacios, T. (2011) Proterozoic phytoplankton and timing of chlorophyte algae origins. Palaeontology 54 (4): 721–733. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01054.x
Mouro, L.D., Zato?, M., Fernandez, A.C. & Waichel, B.L. (2016) Larval cases of caddisfly (Insecta: Trichoptera) affinity in Early Permian marine environments of Gondwana. Scientific Reports 6 (1): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19215
Mullins, G.L., Aldridge, R.J., Dorning, K.J., Hérissé, A.L., Jun, L., Moczyd?wska-Vidal, M., Molyneux, S.G., Servais, T. & Wicander, R. (2007) The PhytoPal Taxonomic Database (Taxon List).
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