Abstract
Aristolochia thotteaeformis, a distinct new species from southern Vietnam, is described here. The new species clearly differs from all the known Aristolochia species in Vietnam by its erect shrubby habit and zig-zag young branches. The vegetative phenotype resembles the genus Thottea (Aristolochiaceae). Morphological characters such as the 1-lipped limb, the 6-lobed gynostemium, and the flower with a stipe between the utricle and ovary place this new species in Aristolochia subgenus Aristolochia section Diplolobus subsection Podanthemum. Morphologically, Aristolochia thotteaeformis is most similar to A. philippinensis and A. humilis by sharing a cuneate to rounded leaf base, a straight perianth in pre-anthesis, then slightly curved upward, an ovoid to ellipsoid utricle, and a 5–10 mm long, cylindrical tube. However, the new species clearly differs from these two species by some morphological characters of young branches, leaves, petiole, inflorescence axis, bracteole, perianth, limb, and seed. In addition to the detailed description, illustrations, information on ecology, conservation status, and comparison with its similar species, a key to all the known species of Aristolochia subsection Podanthemum from Vietnam is provided.
References
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Do, T.V. (2016) Notes on taxonomy of Aristolochia impressinervis C.F. Liang (Aristolochiaceae) from Vietnam. Guihaia 36 (4): 503–506.
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Do, T.V., Wanke, S., Neinhuis, C. & Pooma, R. (2015b) Aristolochia phuphathanaphongiana sp. nov. from southwestern Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany 33: 567–571. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/njb.00889
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IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines (accessed 28 August 2021)
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Lai, V.H., Nguyen, T.T., Phan, V.D., Prilepsky, N.G., Nuraliev, M.S. & Do, T.V. (2019) Aristolochia binhthuanensis, a new species and a key to the species of A. subgenus Aristolochia in Vietnam. Annales Botanici Fennici 56: 241–246. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.056.0408
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Lecomte, H. (1910) Aristolochiaceae. In: Lecomte, H. (Ed.) Flore Générale de l‘Indo-Chine, vol. 4. Masson, Paris, pp. 55–59
Lecomte, H. (1909) Aristolochiaceae d’ Indo-Chine. Notulae Systematicae 1: 72–76.
Liang, C.F. (1975) The Aristolochiaceae of Kwangsi Flora. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 13 (2): 10–28. [in Chinese]
Linnaeus, C. von (1753) Species Plantarum 2. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], pp. 561–1200. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669
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Merrill, E.D. (1918) New or noteworthy Philippine plants, XIII. The Philippine Journal of Science 13 (1): 9–10.
Nguyen, B.T. (2003) Aristolochiaceae. In: Nguyen, B.T. (Ed.) Checklist of plant species of Vietnam, vol. 2. Agriculture Publishing House, Hanoi, pp. 123–126.
Phuphathanaphong, L. (2006) New taxa of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) from Thailand. Thai Forestry Bulletin (Botany) 34: 179–194.
Phuphathanaphong, L. (1987) Aristolochiaceae. In: Smitinand, T. & Larsen, K. (Eds.) Flora of Thailand, vol. 5 (1). The Chutima Press, Bangkok. pp. 1–31.
Ravikumar, K., Tiwari, U. & Balachandran, N. (2014) Aristolochia gurinderii (Aristolochiaceae): a new species from Great Nicobar Island, India. Phytotaxa 172 (2): 117–122. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.172.2.7
Rottbøll, C.F. (1783) Beskrivelse over nogle planter fra de Malebariske Kyster. Nye Samling af det Kongelige Danske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter 2: 525–546.
Samanta, A.K, Manzur Kadir, A.F.M. & Das, A.P. (1999) Aristolochia L. in Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas. Rheedea 9 (1): 23–30.
Schmidt, O.C. (1935) Aristolochiaceae. In: Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (Eds.) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, vol. 2,16B. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 204–242.
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Thiers, B.M. (2021 [continuously updated]) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 28 August 2021)
Wanke, S., González, F. & Neinhuis, C. (2006) Systematics of pipevines: Combining morphological and fast-evolving molecular characters to investigate the relationships within subfamily Aristolochioideae (Aristolochiaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 167: 1215–1227. https://doi.org/10.1086/508024
Warburg, O. (1905) Aristolochiaceae. In: Perkins, J.R. (Ed.) Fragmenta Florae Philippinae: contributions to the flora of the Philippine Islands, vol. 1. Leipzig, pp. 170.
Wikramanayake, E., Rundel, P., Boonratana, R. & Aggimarangsee., N. (2002) Southeastern Asia: Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand. In: Wikramanayake, E., Dinerstein, E., Loucks, C.J., Olson, D.M., Morrison, J., Lamoreux, J., McKnight, M. & Hedao, P. (Eds.) Terrestrial ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a conservation assessment. Island Press, Washington, USA. 643 pp. [ISBN 1-55963-923-7]
Do, T.V. (2016) Notes on taxonomy of Aristolochia impressinervis C.F. Liang (Aristolochiaceae) from Vietnam. Guihaia 36 (4): 503–506.
Do, T.V., Nguyen, Q.D., Nguyen, T.Q.T., Wanke, S. & Neinhuis, C. (2015a) Aristolochia cochinchinensis (Aristolochiaceae), a new species from southern Vietnams. Annales Botanici Fennici 52: 268–273. http://dx.doi.org/10.5735/085.052.0321
Do, T.V., Wanke, S., Neinhuis, C. & Pooma, R. (2015b) Aristolochia phuphathanaphongiana sp. nov. from southwestern Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany 33: 567–571. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/njb.00889
Do, T.V., Neinhuis, C. & Wanke, S. (2015c) A new species of Aristolochia subgenus Siphisia (Aristolochiaceae) from central Vietnam. Phytotaxa 220: 69–76. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.220.1.6
Do, T.V., Nghiem, T.D., Wanke, S. & Neinhuis, C. (2014) Aristolochia quangbinhensis (Aristolochiaceae), a new species from Central Vietnam. PhytoKeys 33: 51–59. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.33.6094
Do, T.V., Lai, H.V. & Le, K.D. (2021a) Aristolochia quangnamensis (Aristolochiaceae), a new species from central Vietnam. Annales Botanici Fennici 58: 267–273. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.058.0412
Do, T.V., Nguyen, H.V. & Le, K.D. (2021b) Aristolochia vuquangensis (Aristolochiaceae), a new species from Central Vietnam. Phytotaxa 500 (1): 37–44. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.500.1.5
Do, T.V., Luu, T.H., Wanke, S. & Neinhuis, C. (2015d) Three new species and three new records of Aristolochia subgenus Siphisia from Vietnam, including a key to the Asian species. Systematic Botany 40: 671–691. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364415X689140
Do, T.V., Truong, C.Q. & Huynh, H.T.T. (2017) Aristolochia neinhuisii (Aristolochiaceae), a new species from Vietnam. Annales Botanici Fennici 54: 203–208. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.054.0602
Do, T.V., Vu, T.T.H., Luu, H.T. & Nguyen, T.T. (2019) Aristolochia nuichuaensis (subg. Siphisia, Aristolochiaceae), a new species, an updated key and a checklist to the species of Siphisia in Vietnam. Annales Botanici Fennici 56: 107–113. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.056.0116
Do, T.V., Wanke, S. & Neinhuis, C. (2016) Aristolochia bidoupensis sp. nov. from southern Vietnam. Nordic Journal of Botany 34: 513–516. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.01066
Duchartre, P. (1854) Tentamen methodicae divisionis generis Aristolochia, additis descriptionibus complurium novarum specierum novique generis Holostylis. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 4a. Sér. 2: 29–76.
González, F. & Stevenson, D.W. (2002) A phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Aristolochioideae (Aristolochiaceae). Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas 26: 25–60.
González, F. & Poncy, O. (1999) A new species of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) from Thailand. Brittonia 51 (4): 452–456. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666529
Harris, J.G. & Harris, M.W. (2001) Plant Identification Terminology: An Illustrated Glossary (2nd). Spring Lake Pub., Spring Lake, Utah, 216 pp.
Hou, D. (1984) Aristolochiaceae. In: Steenis, C. (Ed.) Flora Malesiana, vol. 10 (1). National Herbarium of the Netherlands, pp. 53–108.
Huber, H. (1993) Aristolochiaceae. In: Kubitzki, K., Rohwer, J.G. & Bittrich, V. (Eds.) The families and genera of vascular plants. Springer, Berlin, pp. 129–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02899-5_10
Huong, N.T.T., Hai, D.V., Quang, B.H., Cuong, N.T., Khang, N.S., Vu, D.Q. & Ma, J.S. (2014) Aristolochia xuanlienensis, a new species of Aristolochiaceae from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 188: 176–180. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.3.7
Hwang, S.M., Kelly, L.M. & Gilbert, M.G. (2003) Aristolochia Linnaeus. In: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) Flora of China, vol. 5. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 258–269.
IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines (accessed 28 August 2021)
Klotzsch, F. (1859) Die Aristolochiaceae des Berliner Herbariums. Monatsberichte der Königlich preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1859: 571–625.
Lai, V.H., Nguyen, T.T., Phan, V.D., Prilepsky, N.G., Nuraliev, M.S. & Do, T.V. (2019) Aristolochia binhthuanensis, a new species and a key to the species of A. subgenus Aristolochia in Vietnam. Annales Botanici Fennici 56: 241–246. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.056.0408
Lamarck, J. (1783) Aristolochiaceae. In: Lamarck, J. (Ed.) Encyclopedie Methodique, vol. 2 (1). Paris, pp. 254.
Lecomte, H. (1910) Aristolochiaceae. In: Lecomte, H. (Ed.) Flore Générale de l‘Indo-Chine, vol. 4. Masson, Paris, pp. 55–59
Lecomte, H. (1909) Aristolochiaceae d’ Indo-Chine. Notulae Systematicae 1: 72–76.
Liang, C.F. (1975) The Aristolochiaceae of Kwangsi Flora. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 13 (2): 10–28. [in Chinese]
Linnaeus, C. von (1753) Species Plantarum 2. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], pp. 561–1200. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669
Merrill, E.D. (1910) New or noteworthy Philippine plants, VIII. The Philippine Journal of Science 10 (3): 174–175.
Merrill, E.D. (1918) New or noteworthy Philippine plants, XIII. The Philippine Journal of Science 13 (1): 9–10.
Nguyen, B.T. (2003) Aristolochiaceae. In: Nguyen, B.T. (Ed.) Checklist of plant species of Vietnam, vol. 2. Agriculture Publishing House, Hanoi, pp. 123–126.
Phuphathanaphong, L. (2006) New taxa of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) from Thailand. Thai Forestry Bulletin (Botany) 34: 179–194.
Phuphathanaphong, L. (1987) Aristolochiaceae. In: Smitinand, T. & Larsen, K. (Eds.) Flora of Thailand, vol. 5 (1). The Chutima Press, Bangkok. pp. 1–31.
Ravikumar, K., Tiwari, U. & Balachandran, N. (2014) Aristolochia gurinderii (Aristolochiaceae): a new species from Great Nicobar Island, India. Phytotaxa 172 (2): 117–122. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.172.2.7
Rottbøll, C.F. (1783) Beskrivelse over nogle planter fra de Malebariske Kyster. Nye Samling af det Kongelige Danske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter 2: 525–546.
Samanta, A.K, Manzur Kadir, A.F.M. & Das, A.P. (1999) Aristolochia L. in Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas. Rheedea 9 (1): 23–30.
Schmidt, O.C. (1935) Aristolochiaceae. In: Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (Eds.) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, vol. 2,16B. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 204–242.
Thai, V.T. (1999) Tropical forest ecosystems in Vietnam. Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi. 314 pp. [in Vietnamese]
Thiers, B.M. (2021 [continuously updated]) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 28 August 2021)
Wanke, S., González, F. & Neinhuis, C. (2006) Systematics of pipevines: Combining morphological and fast-evolving molecular characters to investigate the relationships within subfamily Aristolochioideae (Aristolochiaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 167: 1215–1227. https://doi.org/10.1086/508024
Warburg, O. (1905) Aristolochiaceae. In: Perkins, J.R. (Ed.) Fragmenta Florae Philippinae: contributions to the flora of the Philippine Islands, vol. 1. Leipzig, pp. 170.
Wikramanayake, E., Rundel, P., Boonratana, R. & Aggimarangsee., N. (2002) Southeastern Asia: Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand. In: Wikramanayake, E., Dinerstein, E., Loucks, C.J., Olson, D.M., Morrison, J., Lamoreux, J., McKnight, M. & Hedao, P. (Eds.) Terrestrial ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a conservation assessment. Island Press, Washington, USA. 643 pp. [ISBN 1-55963-923-7]