Abstract
A dead Asian House Gecko, infected with multiple species of fungi, was found floating in a jug of water inside a building in Kunming, China. The dead gecko was taken to the mycology laboratory at the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences and different fungal species were isolated. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out on the resultant isolates based on multiple gene sequences (ITS, LSU, mtSSU, rpb1, rpb2, tub2, Bloc, CAL, CHS-1, GAPDH, tef1-α). In addition to the phylogenetic analyses, morphological characteristics were also used to describe the fungal taxa. The entomopathogenic fungus Basidiobolus ranarum was isolated from the gecko’s inflamed right forelimb, while Beauveria bassiana was isolated from the gecko’s forehead. In addition, the neck skin yielded a common and important plant pathogen Colletotrichum jianxiense. Full descriptions, color plates of macro and micro structures of fungal taxa, and phylogenetic trees to show the placements of fungal taxa are provided. These findings represent either new host records or new country records for the three fungal species.
References
Abrol, D.P. & Shankar, U. (2015) Integrated pest management. In: Breeding Oilseed Crops for Sustainable Production: Opportunities and Constraints. pp. 523–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801309-0.00020-3
Al-Bshabshe, A., Joseph, M.R., Al-Hakami, A.M., Al-Azraqi, T., Al-Humayed, S. & Hamid, M.E. (2018) Basidiobolus haptosporus-like fungus as a causal agent of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis and its link to the common house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) as a potential risk factor. bioRxiv 311936. https://doi.org/10.1101/311936
Al-Hatmi, A.M.S., Balkhair, A., Al-Busaidi, I., Sandoval-Denis, M., Al-Housni, S., Ba Taher, H., Hamdan Al-Shehhi, A., Raniga, S., Al-Shaibi, M., Al-Siyabi, T., Sybren de Hoog, G., Jacques, F.M., Al-Rawahi, A., Al-Muharrmi, Z., Al-Harrasi, A., Al-Adawi, B. (2021) Basidiobolus omanensis sp. nov. causing angioinvasive abdominal basidiobolomycosis. Journal of Fungi 7: 653. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7080653
Al-Shibly, M.K. & Alzamily, I. (2020) Isolation and diagnosis of fungi associated with gecko (Eublepharis macularius) and their control. Plant Archives 20: 2900–2904.
Augustyniuk-Kram, A. & Kram, K.J. (2012) Entomopathogenic fungi as an important natural regulator of insect outbreaks in forests. Forest ecossistems-more than just trees. In Tech, Rijeka 265–294. https://doi.org/10.5772/30596
Balsamo-Crivelli, G. (1835) Osservazione sopra una nuova spezie di Mucedinea del genere Botrytis. Biblioteca di Bibliografia Italiana 79: 125.
Batko, A. (1974) Phylogenesis and taxonomic structure of the Entomophthoraceae. In: Nowinski, C. (Ed) Ewolucja biologiczna. pp. 209–305.
Behie, S.W. & Bidochka, M.J. (2014) Ubiquity of insect-derived nitrogen transfer to plants by endophytic insect-pathogenic fungi: an additional branch of the soil nitrogen cycle. Applied and environmental microbiology 80: 1553–1560. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03338-13.
Behie, S.W., Jones, S.J. & Bidochka, M.J. (2015) Plant tissue localization of the endophytic insect pathogenic fungi Metarhizium and Beauveria. Fungal Ecology 13: 112–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2014.08.001.
Behie, S.W., Padilla-Guerrero, I.E., Bidochka, M.J. (2013) Nutrient transfer to plants by phylogenetically diverse fungi suggests convergent evolutionary strategies in rhizospheric symbionts. Communicative & integrative biology 6: e22321. https://doi.org/10.4161/cib.22321.
Boomsma, J.J., Jensen, A.B., Meyling, N.V., Eilenberg, J. (2014) Evolutionary interaction networks of insect pathogenic fungi. Annual Review of Entomology 59: 467–485. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-162054.
Bui, S.T., Huy, D.T.N. & Doan, L.D. (2021) Further analysis on alcohol trap and application local Beauveria bassiana for control Coffee Berry Borer (CBB) In the concept of agricultural sustainable value Chain. Natural Volatiles & Essential Oils 5: 3630–3640.
Burkitt, D.P., Wilson, A.M.M. & Jelliffe, D.B. (1964) Subcutaneous phycomycosis: A review of 31 cases seen in Uganda. British Medical Journal 1: 1669–1672. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.5399.1669
Carbone, I. & Kohn, L.M. (1999) A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. Mycologia 91: 553–556. https://doi.org/10.2307/3761358.
Castlebury, L.A., Rossman, A.Y., Gi-Ho, S.U.N.G., Hyten, A.S. & Spatafora, J.W. (2004) Multigene phylogeny reveals new lineage for Stachybotrys chartarum, the indoor air fungus. Mycological research 108: 864–872. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756204000607
Chaiwan, N., Tibpromma, S., Jayawardena, R.S., Mapook, A. & Hyde, K.D. (2021) Colletotrichum dracaenigenum, a new species on Dracaena fragrans. Phytotaxa 491: 143–157. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.491.2.4
Chaturvedi, V.P., Randhawa, H.S., Khan, Z.U., Singh, N., Kini, S. (1984) Prevalence of Basidiobolus ranarum Eidam in the intestinal tract of an insectivorous bat, Rhinopoma hardwickei hardwickei Gray, in Delhi. Sabouraudia 22: 185–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/00362178485380311
Chen, M.J., Huang, B., Li, Z.Z., Spatafora, J.W. (2013) Morphological and genetic characterisation of Beauveria sinensis sp. nov. from China. Mycotaxon 124: 301–308. https://doi.org/10.5248/124.301
Chen, W.H., Han, Y.F., Liang, Z.Q. & Jin, D.C. (2017) A new araneogenous fungus in the genus Beauveria from Guizhou, China. Phytotaxa 302: 57–64. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.302.1.5
Chen, W.H., Liu, M., Huang, Z.X., Yang, G.M., Han, Y.F., Liang, J.D. & Liang, Z.Q. (2018) Beauveria majiangensis, a new entomopathogenic fungus from Guizhou, China. Phytotaxa 333: 243–250. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.333.2.8
Claussen, M. & Schmidt, S. (2019) First-time isolation and quantification of Basidiobolus spp. from reptile faeces in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) using selective media. Mycoses 62: 298–305. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.12868
Corda, A.C.J. (1831) Deutschlands Flora, Abt. III. Die Pilze Deutschlands 3: 33–64.
Coremans-Pelseneer, J. (1973) Isolation of Basidiobolus meristosporus from natural sources. Mycopathologia 49: 173–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/00362178485380311
Costa, E.M.D., Pimenta, F.C., Luz, C., Oliveira, V.D., Oliveira, M., Bueno, E. & Petrofeza, S. (2011) Beauveria bassiana: quercetinase production and genetic diversity. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 42: 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1517-83822011000100002
Damm, U., Cannon, P.F., Woudenberg, J.H.C. & Crous, P.W. (2012) The Colletotrichum acutatum species complex. Studies in mycology 73: 37–113. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0010
Davis, S.R., Ellis, D.H., Goldwater, P., Dimitriou, S. & Byard, R. (1994) First human culture-proven australian case of entomophthoromycosis caused by Basidiobolus ranarum. Journal of Medical & Veterinary Mycology 32: 225–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681219480000291
De Silva, D.D., Ades, P.K., Crous, P.W. & Taylor, P.W.J. (2017) Colletotrichum species associated with chili anthracnose in Australia. Plant Pathology 66: 254–267. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12572
Dean, R., Van Kan, J.A., Pretorius, Z.A., Hammond-Kosack, K.E., Di Pietro, A., Spanu, P.D., Rudd, J.J., Dickman, M., Kahmann, R., Ellis, J., Foster, G.D. (2012) The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology. Molecular plant pathology 13: 414–430. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00783.x
Delgado, G.R.E.G.O.R.I.O. (2011) Nicaraguan fungi: a checklist of hyphomycetes. Mycotaxon 115: 534.
Diao, Y.Z., Zhang, C., Liu, F., Wang, W.Z., Liu, L., Cai, L. & Liu, X.L. (2017) Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose disease of chili in China. Persoonia 38: 20–37. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158517X692788
Eidam, E. (1886) Basidiobolus, eine neue Gattung der Entomophthoraeeen. Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen 4: 181–251.
Elena, G., Bruez, E., Rey, P. & Luque, J. (2018) Microbiota of grapevine woody tissues with or without esca-foliar symptoms in northeast Spain. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 57: 425–438. https://doi.org/10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-23337
Farr, D.F. & Rossman, A.Y. (2022) Fungal Databases, U.S. National Fungus Collections, ARS, USDA. Available from: https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ (accessed 15 Feburary 2022).
Fuentes-Aragón, D., Silva-Rojas, H.V., Guarnaccia, V., Mora-Aguilera, J.A., Aranda-Ocampo, S., Bautista-Martínez, N. & Téliz-Ortíz, D. (2020) Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose on avocado fruit in Mexico: Current status. Plant Pathology 69: 1513–1528. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13234
Gao, Q., Jin, K., Ying, S.H., Zhang, Y., Xiao, G., Shang, Y., Duan, Z., Hu, X., Xie, X.Q., Zhou, G., Peng, G., Luo, Z., Huang, W., Wang, B., Fang, W., Wang, S., Zhong, Y., Ma, L.J., Xia, Y. & Wang, C. (2011) Genome sequencing and comparative transcriptomics of the model entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and M. acridum. PLoS genetics 7: e1001264. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1001264
Gargas, A. & DePriest, P.T. (1996) A nomenclature for fungal PCR primers with examples from intron-containing SSU rDNA. Mycologia 88: 745–748. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1996.12026712
Giblin, F.R., Tan, Y.P., Mitchell, R., Coates, L.M., Irwin, J.A.G. & Shivas, R.G. (2018) Colletotrichum species associated with pre-and post-harvest diseases of avocado and mango in eastern Australia. Australasian Plant Pathology 47: 269–276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-018-0553-0
Glass, N.L. & Donaldson, G.C. (1995) Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61: 1323–1330. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.4.1323-1330.1995
Glez-Peña, D., Gómez-Blanco, D., Reboiro-Jato, M., Fdez-Riverola, F. & Posada, D. (2010) ALTER: programoriented conversion of DNA and protein alignments. Nucleic Acids Research 38: 14–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq321
Greene, C.E., Brockus, C.W., Currin, M.P. & Jones, C.J. (2002) Infection with Basidiobolus ranarum in two dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 221: 528–532. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2002.221.528
Gryganskyi, A.P., Humber, R.A., Smith, M.E., Hodge, K., Huang, B., Voigt, K. & Vilgalys, R. (2013) Phylogenetic lineages in Entomophthoromycota. Persoonia 30: 94–105. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158513X666330
Guerber, J.C., Liu, B., Correll, J.C. & Johnston, P.R. (2003) Characterization of diversity in Colletotrichum acutatum sensu lato by sequence analysis of two gene introns, mtDNA and intron RFLPs, and mating compatibility. Mycologia 95: 872–895. https://doi.org/10.2307/3762016
Gugnani, H.C. (1999) A review of zygomycosis due to Basidiobolus ranarum. European journal of epidemiology 15: 923–929. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007656818038
Gugnani, H.C. & Okafor, J.I. (1980) Mycotic flora of the intestine and other internal organs of certain reptiles and amphibians with special reference to characterization of Basidiobolus isolates. Mycosen 23: 260–268. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.1980.tb02605.x
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1999-0734.ch008
Hallouti, A., Ait Hamza, M., Zahidi, A., Ait Hammou, R., Bouharroud, R., Ait Ben Aoumar, A. & Boubaker, H. (2020) Diversity of entomopathogenic fungi associated with Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)) in Moroccan Argan forests and nearby area: Impact of soil factors on their distribution. BMC ecology 20: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-020-00334-2
Humber, R.A. (2008) Evolution of entomopathogenicity in fungi. Journal of invertebrate pathology 98: 262–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2008.02.017
Humber, R.A., Samson, R.A., Evans, H.C. & Latge, J.P. (1990) Atlas of entomopathogenic fungi. Mycologia 82: 148. https://doi.org/10.2307/3759978
Hyde, K.D., Jeewon, R., Chen, Y.J., Bhunjun, C.S., Calabon, M.S., Jiang, H.B., Lin, C.G., Norphanphoun, C., Sysouphanthong, P., Pem, D., Tibpromma, S., Zhang, Q., Doilom, M., Jayawardena, R.S., Liu, J.K., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Phukhamsakda, C., Phookamsak, R., Al?Sadi, A.M., Thongklang, N., Wang, Y., Gaforov, Y., Jones, E.B.G. & Lumyong, S. (2020) The numbers of fungi: is the descriptive curve flattening?. Fungal Diversity 103: 219–271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00458-2.
Imoulan, A., Wu, H.J., Lu, W.L., Li, Y., Li, B.B., Yang, R.H., Wang, W.J., Wang, X.L., Kirk, P.M. & Yao, Y.J. (2016) Beauveria medogensis sp. nov., a new fungus of the entomopathogenic genus from China. Journal of invertebrate pathology 139: 74–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2016.07.006
Imoulan, A., Hussaina, M., Kirka, P.M., Mezianee, A.E. & Yao, Y.J. (2017) Entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria: host specificity, ecology and significance of morpho-molecular characterization in accurate taxonomic classification. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 20: 1204–1212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2017.08.015
Islam, W. (2017) Eco-friendly approaches for the management of red flour beetle: Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Science Letters 5: 105–114.
Islam, W., Adnan, M., Shabbir, A., Naveed, H., Abubakar, Y.S., Qasim, M., Tayyabi, M., Noman, A., Nisark, M.S., Khanlmn, K.A. & Ali, H. (2021) Insect-fungal-interactions: A detailed review on entomopathogenic fungi pathogenicity to combat insect pests. Microbial Pathogenesis 159: 105122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105122
Jayawardena, R.S., Hyde, K.D., Chen, Y.J., Papp, V., Palla, B., Papp, D., Bhunjun, C.S., Hurdeal, V.G., Senwanna, C., Manawasinghe, I.S., Harischandra, D.L., Gautam, A.K., Avasthi, S., Chuankid, B., Goonasekara, I.D., Hongsanan, S., Zeng, X.Y., Liyanage, K.K., Liu, N., Karunarathna, A., Hapuarachchi, K.K., Luangharn, T., Raspé, O., Brahmanage, R., Doilom, M., Lee, H.B., Mei, L., Jeewon, R., Huanraluek, N., Chaiwan, N., Stadler, M. & Wang, Y. (2020) One stop shop IV: taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera: 76–100 Fungal Diversity 103: 87–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00460-8
Jayawardena, R.S., Hyde, K.D., Damm,U., Cai, L., Liu, M., Li, X.H., Zhang, W., Zhao, W.S. & Yan, J.Y. (2016a) Notes on currently accepted species of Colletotrichum. Mycosphere 7: 1192–1260. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/si/2c/9
Jayawardena, R.S., Hyde, K.D., Jeewon, R., Li, X.H., Liu, M. & Yan, J.Y. (2016b) Mycosphere essay 6: why is it important to correctly name Colletotrichum species. Mycosphere 7: 1076–1092. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/si/2c/1
Joe, L.K., Eng, N.I.T., Pohan, A., Van Der Muillen, H. & Emmons, C.W. (1956) Basidiobolus ranarum as a cause of subcutaneous mycosis in Indonesia. AMA archives of dermatology 74: 378–383. https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1956.01550100046008
Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Kepler, R.M., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Hywel-Jones, N.L., Quandt, C.A., Sung, G.H., Rehner, S.A., Aime, M.C., Henkel, T.W., Sanjuan, T., Zare, R., Chen, M., Li, Z., Rossman, A.Y., Spatafora, J.W. & Shrestha, B. (2017) A phylogenetically-based nomenclature for Cordycipitaceae (Hypocreales). IMA Fungus 8: 335–353. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2017.08.02.08
Khan, Z.U., Khoursheed, M., Makar, R., Al-Waheeb, S., Al-Bader, I., Al-Muzaini, A., Chandy, R. & Mustafa, A.S. (2001) Basidiobolus ranarum as an etiologic agent of gastrointestinal zygomycosis. Journal of clinical microbiology 39: 2360–2363. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.6.2360-2363.2001
Khanal, D., Pandey, R., Dhakal, R., Neupane, N., Shrestha, A., Joseph, M.N., Paudel, A. & Pandey, M. (2021) Efficacy of bio-rational pesticides for the management of Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee in Rupandehi, Nepal. Heliyon 7: e08286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08286
Khonsanit, A., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Thanakitpipattana, D., Noisripoom, W., Chaitika, T. & Kobmoo, N. (2020) Cryptic diversity of the genus Beauveria with a new species from Thailand. Mycological Progress 19: 291–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-020-01557-9
Kirk, P.M. (2022) Index Fungorum. Available from: http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/names.asp (accessed 25 January 2022)
Liu, F., Weir, B.S., Damm, U., Crous, P.W., Wang, Y., Liu, B., Wang, M., Zhang, M., Cai, L. (2015) Unravelling Colletotrichum species associated with Camellia: employing ApMat and GS loci to resolve species in the C. gloeosporioides complex. Persoonia 35: 63–86. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158515X687597
Liu, Y.J., Whelen, S., Hall, B.D. (1999) Phylogenetic relationships among Ascomycetes: evidence from an RNA polymerase II. subunit. Molecular Biology and Evolution 16: 1799–1808. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026092
Lovett, B. & St Leger, R.J. (2018) Genetically engineering better fungal biopesticides. Pest management science 74: 781–789. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.4734
Matheny, P.B., Liu, Y.J., Ammirati, J.F., Hall, B.D. (2002) Using RPB1 sequences to improve phylogenetic inference among mushrooms (Inocybe, Agaricales). American Journal of Botany 89: 688–698. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.89.4.688
Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W., Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In: Proceedings of the 2010 Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE). New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 November, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
Moonjely, S., Barelli, L. & Bidochka, M.J. (2016) Insect pathogenic fungi as endophytes. Advances in Genetics 94: 107–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adgen.2015.12.004
Moraga, E. (2020) Entomopathogenic fungi as endophytes: their broader contribution to IPM and crop production. Biocontrol Science and Technology 30: 864–877. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2020.1771279
Mugerwa, J.W. (1984) Entomophthoromycosis caused by Basidiobolus haptosporus. In: Waren, K.S. & Mahmoud, A.F. (Eds.) Tropical and geographic medicine. Vol. 1. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 968–970.
Natarajan, S.V., Rekha, N.S., Sharda, R.D. & Mahalingam, N. (2013) Colletotrichum keratitis: a rare but definite clinical entity. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research 7: 1430. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2013/5513.3156
Nawaz, A., Gogi, M.D., Naveed, M., Arshad, M., Sufyan, M., Binyameen, M., Islam, S.U., Waseem, M., Ayyub, M.B., Arif, M.J. & Ali, H. (2020) In vivo and in vitroassessment of Trichoderma species and Bacillus thuringiensis integration to mitigate insect pests of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 30: 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-020-00258-5
Nazir, Z., Hasan, R., Pervaiz, S., Alam, M. & Moazam, F. (1997) Invasive retroperitoneal infection due to Basidiobolus ranarum with response to potassium iodide—case report and review of the literature. Annals of tropical paediatrics 17: 161–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724936.1997.11747880
Nickerson, M.A. & Hutchison, J.A. (1971) The distribution of the fungus Basidiobolus ranarum Eidam in fish, amphibians and reptiles. American Midland Naturalist 86: 500–502. https://doi.org/10.2307/2423642
Nie, Y., Yu, D.S., Wang, C.F., Liu, X.Y. & Huang, B. (2020) A taxonomic revision of the genus Conidiobolus (Ancylistaceae, Entomophthorales): four clades including three new genera. Mycokeys 66: 55–81. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.66.46575
Nylander, J.A.A., Wilgenbusch, J.C., Warren, D.L. & Swofford, D.L. (2008) AWTY: a system for graphical exploration of MCMC convergence in Bayesian phylogenetics. Bioinformatics 24: 581–583. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm388
O’Donnell, K. & Cigelnik, E. (1997) Two divergent intragenomic rDNA ITS2 types within a monophyletic lineage of the fungus Fusarium are nonorthologous. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 7: 103–116. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1996.0376
Okafor, J.I., TeStrake, D., Mushinsky, H.R. & Yangco, B.G. (1984) A Basidiobolus sp. and its association with reptiles and amphibians in Southern Florida. Sabouraudia 22: 47–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/00362178485380081
Owens, W.R., Miller, R.I., Haynes, P.F. & Snider, T.G. (1985) Phycomycosis caused by Basidiobolus haptosporus in two horses. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 186: 703–705.
Paul Vuillemin, M. (1912) Beauveria, nouveau genre de Verticilliacées. Bulletin de la societé botanique de france 59: 34–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1912.10832379
Punja, Z.K., Collyer, D., Scott, C., Lung, S., Holmes, J. & Sutton, D. (2019) Pathogens and molds affecting production and quality of Cannabis sativa L. Frontiers in plant science 10: 1120. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01120
Rambaut, A. (2021) FigTree. Tree figure drawing tool version 1.3.1. Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh.
Rehner, S.A. (2001) Primers for elongation factor 1-a (EF1-a). Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life.
Rehner, S.A., Muro, M.A.D. & Bischoff, J.F. (2006) Description and phylogenetic placement of Beauveria malawiensis sp. nov. (Clavicipitaceae, Hypocreales). Mycotaxon 98: 137–145. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00542.x
Ribes, J.A., Vanover-Sams, C.L. & Baker, D.J. (2000) Zygomycetes in human disease. Clinical microbiology reviews 13: 236–301. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.13.2.236
Rigotti, S., Gindrat, D. & Viret, O. (2003) Fungi from symptomless strawberry plants in Switzerland. Fungi from symptomless strawberry plants in Switzerland 42: 85–88. https://doi.org/10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-1690
Rohrlich, C., Merle, I., Mze Hassani, I., Verger, M., Zuin, M., Besse, S., Robène, I., Nibouche, S., Costet, L. (2018) Variation in physiological host range in three strains of two species of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria. PloS one 13: e0199199. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199199
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Saikkonen, K. (2007) Forest structure and fungal endophytes. Fungal Biology Reviews 21: 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2007.05.001
Samson, R.A., Evans, H.C. & Latgé, J.P. (2013) Atlas of entomopathogenic fungi. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 703–705.
Screen, S.E. & Leger, R.J.S. (2000) Cloning, expression, and substrate specifcity of a fungal chymotrypsin. Evidence for lateral gene transfer from an Actinomycete bacterium. Journal of Biological Chemistry 279: 6689–6694. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.275.9.6689
Serrato-Diaz, L.M., Mariño, Y.A. & Bayman, P. (2020) Pathogens causing Anthracnose and fruit rots of coffee associated with the coffee berry borer and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana in Puerto Rico. Phytopathology 110: 1541–1552. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-02-20-0057-R
Shapiro-Ilan, D., Hazir, S. & Glazer, I. (2017) Basic and applied research: entomopathogenicnematodes. Microbial Control of Insect and Mite Pests: from Theory to Practice 1: 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803527-6.00006-8
Silva-Rojas, H.V. & Ávila-Quezada, G.D. (2011) Phylogenetic and morphological identification of Colletotrichum boninense: a novel causal agent of anthracnose in avocado. Plant Pathology 60: 899–908. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02452.x
Sinha, K.K., Choudhary, A.K. & Kumari, P. (2016) Entomopathogenic fungi. In: Ecofriendly Pest Management for Food Security. pp. 475–505. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/B978-0-12-803265-7.00015-4
Spatafora, J.W., Sung, G.H., Sung, J.M., Hywel-Jones, N.L. & White Jr, J.F. (2007) Phylogenetic evidence for an animal pathogen origin of ergot and the grass endophytes. Molecular ecology 16: 1701–1711. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03225.x
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML Version 8: A tool for Phylogenetic Analysis and Post-Analysis of Large Phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30: 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
Steinhaus, E. (1957) Concerning the harmlessness of insect pathogens and the standardization of microbial control products. Journal of Economic Entomology 50: 715–720. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/50.6.715
Talhinhas, P. & Baroncelli, R. (2021) Colletotrichum species and complexes: geographic distribution, host range and conservation status. Fungal Diversity 110: 109–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00491-9
Templeton, A.R., Crandall, K.A. & Sing, C.F. (1992) A cladistic analysis of phenotypic associations with haplotypes inferred from restriction endonuclease mapping and DNA sequence data. III. Cladogram estimation. Genetics 132: 619–633. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/132.2.619
Toplon, D.E., Terrell, S.P., Sigler, L. & Jacobson, E.R. (2013) Dermatitis and cellulitis in leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) caused by the Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii. Veterinary pathology 50: 585–589. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985812465324
Tzean, S.S., Hsieh, L.S. & Wu, W.J. (1997) Atlas of entomopathogenic fungi from Taiwan. Council of Agriculture 1: 214.
Uecker, F.A., Bailey, J.A. & Jegor, M.J. (1992) Colletotrichum: biology, pathology and control. Mycologia 85: 879. https://doi.org/10.2307/3760628
Uetz, P., Freed, P. & Hošek, J. (2021) The Reptile Database. Available from: http://www.reptile-database.org (accessed 25 January 2022)
Van Overeem, C. (1925) Uber ain merkwurdiges Vorkommen von Basidiobolus ranarum Eidam. Bulletin du Jardin botanique de Buitenzorg 7: 423–431.
Vega, F.E., Posada, F., Aime, M.C., Pava-Ripoll, M., Infante, F. & Rehner, S.A. (2008) Entomopathogenic fungal endophytes. Biological Control 46: 72–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.01.008
Vilela, R. & Mendoza, L. (2018) Human pathogenic entomophthorales. Clinical microbiology reviews 31: e00014-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00014-18
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990
Wang, Q.H., Fan, K., Li, D.W., Han, C.M., Qu, Y.Y., Qi, Y.K. & Wu, X.Q. (2020) Identification, virulence and fungicide sensitivity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ss responsible for walnut anthracnose disease in China. Plant disease 104: 1358–1368. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-19-2569-RE
Wang, W., de Silva, D.D., Moslemi, A., Edwards, J., Ades, P.K., Crous, P.W. & Taylor, P.W. (2021) Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose of citrus in Australia. Journal of Fungi 7: 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7010047
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S.J.W.T. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications 18: 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Yang, E.F., Tibpromma, S., Karunarathna, S.C., Phookamsak, R., Xu, J.C., Zhao, Z.X., Karunanayake, C. & Promputtha, I. (2022) Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Novel and Extant Taxa in Pleosporales Associated with Mangifera indica from Yunnan, China (Series I). Journal of Fungi 8: 152. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8020152
Yang, X., Li, Y., Zhou, X., Wang, Y., Geng, S., Liu, H., Yang, Q., Liu, X., Hiruma, M., Sugita, T., Ikeda, S. & Ogawa, H. (2021) Rhinofacial conidiobolomycosis caused by Conidiobolus coronatus in a Chinese rice farmer. Mycoses 53: 369–373. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2009.01716.x
Yusuf, N.W., Assaf, H.M. & Rotowa, N.A. (2003) Invasive gastrointestinal Basidiobolus ranarum infection in an immunocompetent child. The Pediatric infectious disease journal 22: 281–282. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000054020.84508.02
Zhaxybayeva, O. & Gogarten, J.P. (2002) Bootstrap, Bayesian probability and maximum likelihood mapping: exploring new tools for comparative genome analyses. MBC genomics 3: 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-3-4
Zimmermann, G. (2007) Review on safety of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Beauveria brongniartii. Biocontrol Science and Technology 17: 553–596. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583150701309006
Zozaya, S.M., Alford, R.A. & Schwarzkopf, L. (2015) Invasive house geckos are more willing to use artificial lights than are native geckos. Austral ecology 40: 982–987. https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12287
Al-Bshabshe, A., Joseph, M.R., Al-Hakami, A.M., Al-Azraqi, T., Al-Humayed, S. & Hamid, M.E. (2018) Basidiobolus haptosporus-like fungus as a causal agent of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis and its link to the common house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) as a potential risk factor. bioRxiv 311936. https://doi.org/10.1101/311936
Al-Hatmi, A.M.S., Balkhair, A., Al-Busaidi, I., Sandoval-Denis, M., Al-Housni, S., Ba Taher, H., Hamdan Al-Shehhi, A., Raniga, S., Al-Shaibi, M., Al-Siyabi, T., Sybren de Hoog, G., Jacques, F.M., Al-Rawahi, A., Al-Muharrmi, Z., Al-Harrasi, A., Al-Adawi, B. (2021) Basidiobolus omanensis sp. nov. causing angioinvasive abdominal basidiobolomycosis. Journal of Fungi 7: 653. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7080653
Al-Shibly, M.K. & Alzamily, I. (2020) Isolation and diagnosis of fungi associated with gecko (Eublepharis macularius) and their control. Plant Archives 20: 2900–2904.
Augustyniuk-Kram, A. & Kram, K.J. (2012) Entomopathogenic fungi as an important natural regulator of insect outbreaks in forests. Forest ecossistems-more than just trees. In Tech, Rijeka 265–294. https://doi.org/10.5772/30596
Balsamo-Crivelli, G. (1835) Osservazione sopra una nuova spezie di Mucedinea del genere Botrytis. Biblioteca di Bibliografia Italiana 79: 125.
Batko, A. (1974) Phylogenesis and taxonomic structure of the Entomophthoraceae. In: Nowinski, C. (Ed) Ewolucja biologiczna. pp. 209–305.
Behie, S.W. & Bidochka, M.J. (2014) Ubiquity of insect-derived nitrogen transfer to plants by endophytic insect-pathogenic fungi: an additional branch of the soil nitrogen cycle. Applied and environmental microbiology 80: 1553–1560. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03338-13.
Behie, S.W., Jones, S.J. & Bidochka, M.J. (2015) Plant tissue localization of the endophytic insect pathogenic fungi Metarhizium and Beauveria. Fungal Ecology 13: 112–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2014.08.001.
Behie, S.W., Padilla-Guerrero, I.E., Bidochka, M.J. (2013) Nutrient transfer to plants by phylogenetically diverse fungi suggests convergent evolutionary strategies in rhizospheric symbionts. Communicative & integrative biology 6: e22321. https://doi.org/10.4161/cib.22321.
Boomsma, J.J., Jensen, A.B., Meyling, N.V., Eilenberg, J. (2014) Evolutionary interaction networks of insect pathogenic fungi. Annual Review of Entomology 59: 467–485. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-162054.
Bui, S.T., Huy, D.T.N. & Doan, L.D. (2021) Further analysis on alcohol trap and application local Beauveria bassiana for control Coffee Berry Borer (CBB) In the concept of agricultural sustainable value Chain. Natural Volatiles & Essential Oils 5: 3630–3640.
Burkitt, D.P., Wilson, A.M.M. & Jelliffe, D.B. (1964) Subcutaneous phycomycosis: A review of 31 cases seen in Uganda. British Medical Journal 1: 1669–1672. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.5399.1669
Carbone, I. & Kohn, L.M. (1999) A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. Mycologia 91: 553–556. https://doi.org/10.2307/3761358.
Castlebury, L.A., Rossman, A.Y., Gi-Ho, S.U.N.G., Hyten, A.S. & Spatafora, J.W. (2004) Multigene phylogeny reveals new lineage for Stachybotrys chartarum, the indoor air fungus. Mycological research 108: 864–872. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756204000607
Chaiwan, N., Tibpromma, S., Jayawardena, R.S., Mapook, A. & Hyde, K.D. (2021) Colletotrichum dracaenigenum, a new species on Dracaena fragrans. Phytotaxa 491: 143–157. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.491.2.4
Chaturvedi, V.P., Randhawa, H.S., Khan, Z.U., Singh, N., Kini, S. (1984) Prevalence of Basidiobolus ranarum Eidam in the intestinal tract of an insectivorous bat, Rhinopoma hardwickei hardwickei Gray, in Delhi. Sabouraudia 22: 185–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/00362178485380311
Chen, M.J., Huang, B., Li, Z.Z., Spatafora, J.W. (2013) Morphological and genetic characterisation of Beauveria sinensis sp. nov. from China. Mycotaxon 124: 301–308. https://doi.org/10.5248/124.301
Chen, W.H., Han, Y.F., Liang, Z.Q. & Jin, D.C. (2017) A new araneogenous fungus in the genus Beauveria from Guizhou, China. Phytotaxa 302: 57–64. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.302.1.5
Chen, W.H., Liu, M., Huang, Z.X., Yang, G.M., Han, Y.F., Liang, J.D. & Liang, Z.Q. (2018) Beauveria majiangensis, a new entomopathogenic fungus from Guizhou, China. Phytotaxa 333: 243–250. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.333.2.8
Claussen, M. & Schmidt, S. (2019) First-time isolation and quantification of Basidiobolus spp. from reptile faeces in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) using selective media. Mycoses 62: 298–305. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.12868
Corda, A.C.J. (1831) Deutschlands Flora, Abt. III. Die Pilze Deutschlands 3: 33–64.
Coremans-Pelseneer, J. (1973) Isolation of Basidiobolus meristosporus from natural sources. Mycopathologia 49: 173–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/00362178485380311
Costa, E.M.D., Pimenta, F.C., Luz, C., Oliveira, V.D., Oliveira, M., Bueno, E. & Petrofeza, S. (2011) Beauveria bassiana: quercetinase production and genetic diversity. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 42: 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1517-83822011000100002
Damm, U., Cannon, P.F., Woudenberg, J.H.C. & Crous, P.W. (2012) The Colletotrichum acutatum species complex. Studies in mycology 73: 37–113. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0010
Davis, S.R., Ellis, D.H., Goldwater, P., Dimitriou, S. & Byard, R. (1994) First human culture-proven australian case of entomophthoromycosis caused by Basidiobolus ranarum. Journal of Medical & Veterinary Mycology 32: 225–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681219480000291
De Silva, D.D., Ades, P.K., Crous, P.W. & Taylor, P.W.J. (2017) Colletotrichum species associated with chili anthracnose in Australia. Plant Pathology 66: 254–267. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12572
Dean, R., Van Kan, J.A., Pretorius, Z.A., Hammond-Kosack, K.E., Di Pietro, A., Spanu, P.D., Rudd, J.J., Dickman, M., Kahmann, R., Ellis, J., Foster, G.D. (2012) The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology. Molecular plant pathology 13: 414–430. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00783.x
Delgado, G.R.E.G.O.R.I.O. (2011) Nicaraguan fungi: a checklist of hyphomycetes. Mycotaxon 115: 534.
Diao, Y.Z., Zhang, C., Liu, F., Wang, W.Z., Liu, L., Cai, L. & Liu, X.L. (2017) Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose disease of chili in China. Persoonia 38: 20–37. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158517X692788
Eidam, E. (1886) Basidiobolus, eine neue Gattung der Entomophthoraeeen. Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen 4: 181–251.
Elena, G., Bruez, E., Rey, P. & Luque, J. (2018) Microbiota of grapevine woody tissues with or without esca-foliar symptoms in northeast Spain. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 57: 425–438. https://doi.org/10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-23337
Farr, D.F. & Rossman, A.Y. (2022) Fungal Databases, U.S. National Fungus Collections, ARS, USDA. Available from: https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ (accessed 15 Feburary 2022).
Fuentes-Aragón, D., Silva-Rojas, H.V., Guarnaccia, V., Mora-Aguilera, J.A., Aranda-Ocampo, S., Bautista-Martínez, N. & Téliz-Ortíz, D. (2020) Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose on avocado fruit in Mexico: Current status. Plant Pathology 69: 1513–1528. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13234
Gao, Q., Jin, K., Ying, S.H., Zhang, Y., Xiao, G., Shang, Y., Duan, Z., Hu, X., Xie, X.Q., Zhou, G., Peng, G., Luo, Z., Huang, W., Wang, B., Fang, W., Wang, S., Zhong, Y., Ma, L.J., Xia, Y. & Wang, C. (2011) Genome sequencing and comparative transcriptomics of the model entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and M. acridum. PLoS genetics 7: e1001264. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1001264
Gargas, A. & DePriest, P.T. (1996) A nomenclature for fungal PCR primers with examples from intron-containing SSU rDNA. Mycologia 88: 745–748. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1996.12026712
Giblin, F.R., Tan, Y.P., Mitchell, R., Coates, L.M., Irwin, J.A.G. & Shivas, R.G. (2018) Colletotrichum species associated with pre-and post-harvest diseases of avocado and mango in eastern Australia. Australasian Plant Pathology 47: 269–276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-018-0553-0
Glass, N.L. & Donaldson, G.C. (1995) Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61: 1323–1330. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.4.1323-1330.1995
Glez-Peña, D., Gómez-Blanco, D., Reboiro-Jato, M., Fdez-Riverola, F. & Posada, D. (2010) ALTER: programoriented conversion of DNA and protein alignments. Nucleic Acids Research 38: 14–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq321
Greene, C.E., Brockus, C.W., Currin, M.P. & Jones, C.J. (2002) Infection with Basidiobolus ranarum in two dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 221: 528–532. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2002.221.528
Gryganskyi, A.P., Humber, R.A., Smith, M.E., Hodge, K., Huang, B., Voigt, K. & Vilgalys, R. (2013) Phylogenetic lineages in Entomophthoromycota. Persoonia 30: 94–105. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158513X666330
Guerber, J.C., Liu, B., Correll, J.C. & Johnston, P.R. (2003) Characterization of diversity in Colletotrichum acutatum sensu lato by sequence analysis of two gene introns, mtDNA and intron RFLPs, and mating compatibility. Mycologia 95: 872–895. https://doi.org/10.2307/3762016
Gugnani, H.C. (1999) A review of zygomycosis due to Basidiobolus ranarum. European journal of epidemiology 15: 923–929. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007656818038
Gugnani, H.C. & Okafor, J.I. (1980) Mycotic flora of the intestine and other internal organs of certain reptiles and amphibians with special reference to characterization of Basidiobolus isolates. Mycosen 23: 260–268. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.1980.tb02605.x
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1999-0734.ch008
Hallouti, A., Ait Hamza, M., Zahidi, A., Ait Hammou, R., Bouharroud, R., Ait Ben Aoumar, A. & Boubaker, H. (2020) Diversity of entomopathogenic fungi associated with Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)) in Moroccan Argan forests and nearby area: Impact of soil factors on their distribution. BMC ecology 20: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-020-00334-2
Humber, R.A. (2008) Evolution of entomopathogenicity in fungi. Journal of invertebrate pathology 98: 262–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2008.02.017
Humber, R.A., Samson, R.A., Evans, H.C. & Latge, J.P. (1990) Atlas of entomopathogenic fungi. Mycologia 82: 148. https://doi.org/10.2307/3759978
Hyde, K.D., Jeewon, R., Chen, Y.J., Bhunjun, C.S., Calabon, M.S., Jiang, H.B., Lin, C.G., Norphanphoun, C., Sysouphanthong, P., Pem, D., Tibpromma, S., Zhang, Q., Doilom, M., Jayawardena, R.S., Liu, J.K., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Phukhamsakda, C., Phookamsak, R., Al?Sadi, A.M., Thongklang, N., Wang, Y., Gaforov, Y., Jones, E.B.G. & Lumyong, S. (2020) The numbers of fungi: is the descriptive curve flattening?. Fungal Diversity 103: 219–271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00458-2.
Imoulan, A., Wu, H.J., Lu, W.L., Li, Y., Li, B.B., Yang, R.H., Wang, W.J., Wang, X.L., Kirk, P.M. & Yao, Y.J. (2016) Beauveria medogensis sp. nov., a new fungus of the entomopathogenic genus from China. Journal of invertebrate pathology 139: 74–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2016.07.006
Imoulan, A., Hussaina, M., Kirka, P.M., Mezianee, A.E. & Yao, Y.J. (2017) Entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria: host specificity, ecology and significance of morpho-molecular characterization in accurate taxonomic classification. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 20: 1204–1212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2017.08.015
Islam, W. (2017) Eco-friendly approaches for the management of red flour beetle: Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Science Letters 5: 105–114.
Islam, W., Adnan, M., Shabbir, A., Naveed, H., Abubakar, Y.S., Qasim, M., Tayyabi, M., Noman, A., Nisark, M.S., Khanlmn, K.A. & Ali, H. (2021) Insect-fungal-interactions: A detailed review on entomopathogenic fungi pathogenicity to combat insect pests. Microbial Pathogenesis 159: 105122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105122
Jayawardena, R.S., Hyde, K.D., Chen, Y.J., Papp, V., Palla, B., Papp, D., Bhunjun, C.S., Hurdeal, V.G., Senwanna, C., Manawasinghe, I.S., Harischandra, D.L., Gautam, A.K., Avasthi, S., Chuankid, B., Goonasekara, I.D., Hongsanan, S., Zeng, X.Y., Liyanage, K.K., Liu, N., Karunarathna, A., Hapuarachchi, K.K., Luangharn, T., Raspé, O., Brahmanage, R., Doilom, M., Lee, H.B., Mei, L., Jeewon, R., Huanraluek, N., Chaiwan, N., Stadler, M. & Wang, Y. (2020) One stop shop IV: taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera: 76–100 Fungal Diversity 103: 87–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00460-8
Jayawardena, R.S., Hyde, K.D., Damm,U., Cai, L., Liu, M., Li, X.H., Zhang, W., Zhao, W.S. & Yan, J.Y. (2016a) Notes on currently accepted species of Colletotrichum. Mycosphere 7: 1192–1260. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/si/2c/9
Jayawardena, R.S., Hyde, K.D., Jeewon, R., Li, X.H., Liu, M. & Yan, J.Y. (2016b) Mycosphere essay 6: why is it important to correctly name Colletotrichum species. Mycosphere 7: 1076–1092. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/si/2c/1
Joe, L.K., Eng, N.I.T., Pohan, A., Van Der Muillen, H. & Emmons, C.W. (1956) Basidiobolus ranarum as a cause of subcutaneous mycosis in Indonesia. AMA archives of dermatology 74: 378–383. https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1956.01550100046008
Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Kepler, R.M., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Hywel-Jones, N.L., Quandt, C.A., Sung, G.H., Rehner, S.A., Aime, M.C., Henkel, T.W., Sanjuan, T., Zare, R., Chen, M., Li, Z., Rossman, A.Y., Spatafora, J.W. & Shrestha, B. (2017) A phylogenetically-based nomenclature for Cordycipitaceae (Hypocreales). IMA Fungus 8: 335–353. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2017.08.02.08
Khan, Z.U., Khoursheed, M., Makar, R., Al-Waheeb, S., Al-Bader, I., Al-Muzaini, A., Chandy, R. & Mustafa, A.S. (2001) Basidiobolus ranarum as an etiologic agent of gastrointestinal zygomycosis. Journal of clinical microbiology 39: 2360–2363. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.6.2360-2363.2001
Khanal, D., Pandey, R., Dhakal, R., Neupane, N., Shrestha, A., Joseph, M.N., Paudel, A. & Pandey, M. (2021) Efficacy of bio-rational pesticides for the management of Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee in Rupandehi, Nepal. Heliyon 7: e08286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08286
Khonsanit, A., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Thanakitpipattana, D., Noisripoom, W., Chaitika, T. & Kobmoo, N. (2020) Cryptic diversity of the genus Beauveria with a new species from Thailand. Mycological Progress 19: 291–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-020-01557-9
Kirk, P.M. (2022) Index Fungorum. Available from: http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/names.asp (accessed 25 January 2022)
Liu, F., Weir, B.S., Damm, U., Crous, P.W., Wang, Y., Liu, B., Wang, M., Zhang, M., Cai, L. (2015) Unravelling Colletotrichum species associated with Camellia: employing ApMat and GS loci to resolve species in the C. gloeosporioides complex. Persoonia 35: 63–86. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158515X687597
Liu, Y.J., Whelen, S., Hall, B.D. (1999) Phylogenetic relationships among Ascomycetes: evidence from an RNA polymerase II. subunit. Molecular Biology and Evolution 16: 1799–1808. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026092
Lovett, B. & St Leger, R.J. (2018) Genetically engineering better fungal biopesticides. Pest management science 74: 781–789. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.4734
Matheny, P.B., Liu, Y.J., Ammirati, J.F., Hall, B.D. (2002) Using RPB1 sequences to improve phylogenetic inference among mushrooms (Inocybe, Agaricales). American Journal of Botany 89: 688–698. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.89.4.688
Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W., Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In: Proceedings of the 2010 Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE). New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 November, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
Moonjely, S., Barelli, L. & Bidochka, M.J. (2016) Insect pathogenic fungi as endophytes. Advances in Genetics 94: 107–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adgen.2015.12.004
Moraga, E. (2020) Entomopathogenic fungi as endophytes: their broader contribution to IPM and crop production. Biocontrol Science and Technology 30: 864–877. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2020.1771279
Mugerwa, J.W. (1984) Entomophthoromycosis caused by Basidiobolus haptosporus. In: Waren, K.S. & Mahmoud, A.F. (Eds.) Tropical and geographic medicine. Vol. 1. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 968–970.
Natarajan, S.V., Rekha, N.S., Sharda, R.D. & Mahalingam, N. (2013) Colletotrichum keratitis: a rare but definite clinical entity. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research 7: 1430. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2013/5513.3156
Nawaz, A., Gogi, M.D., Naveed, M., Arshad, M., Sufyan, M., Binyameen, M., Islam, S.U., Waseem, M., Ayyub, M.B., Arif, M.J. & Ali, H. (2020) In vivo and in vitroassessment of Trichoderma species and Bacillus thuringiensis integration to mitigate insect pests of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 30: 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-020-00258-5
Nazir, Z., Hasan, R., Pervaiz, S., Alam, M. & Moazam, F. (1997) Invasive retroperitoneal infection due to Basidiobolus ranarum with response to potassium iodide—case report and review of the literature. Annals of tropical paediatrics 17: 161–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724936.1997.11747880
Nickerson, M.A. & Hutchison, J.A. (1971) The distribution of the fungus Basidiobolus ranarum Eidam in fish, amphibians and reptiles. American Midland Naturalist 86: 500–502. https://doi.org/10.2307/2423642
Nie, Y., Yu, D.S., Wang, C.F., Liu, X.Y. & Huang, B. (2020) A taxonomic revision of the genus Conidiobolus (Ancylistaceae, Entomophthorales): four clades including three new genera. Mycokeys 66: 55–81. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.66.46575
Nylander, J.A.A., Wilgenbusch, J.C., Warren, D.L. & Swofford, D.L. (2008) AWTY: a system for graphical exploration of MCMC convergence in Bayesian phylogenetics. Bioinformatics 24: 581–583. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm388
O’Donnell, K. & Cigelnik, E. (1997) Two divergent intragenomic rDNA ITS2 types within a monophyletic lineage of the fungus Fusarium are nonorthologous. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 7: 103–116. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1996.0376
Okafor, J.I., TeStrake, D., Mushinsky, H.R. & Yangco, B.G. (1984) A Basidiobolus sp. and its association with reptiles and amphibians in Southern Florida. Sabouraudia 22: 47–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/00362178485380081
Owens, W.R., Miller, R.I., Haynes, P.F. & Snider, T.G. (1985) Phycomycosis caused by Basidiobolus haptosporus in two horses. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 186: 703–705.
Paul Vuillemin, M. (1912) Beauveria, nouveau genre de Verticilliacées. Bulletin de la societé botanique de france 59: 34–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1912.10832379
Punja, Z.K., Collyer, D., Scott, C., Lung, S., Holmes, J. & Sutton, D. (2019) Pathogens and molds affecting production and quality of Cannabis sativa L. Frontiers in plant science 10: 1120. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01120
Rambaut, A. (2021) FigTree. Tree figure drawing tool version 1.3.1. Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh.
Rehner, S.A. (2001) Primers for elongation factor 1-a (EF1-a). Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life.
Rehner, S.A., Muro, M.A.D. & Bischoff, J.F. (2006) Description and phylogenetic placement of Beauveria malawiensis sp. nov. (Clavicipitaceae, Hypocreales). Mycotaxon 98: 137–145. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00542.x
Ribes, J.A., Vanover-Sams, C.L. & Baker, D.J. (2000) Zygomycetes in human disease. Clinical microbiology reviews 13: 236–301. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.13.2.236
Rigotti, S., Gindrat, D. & Viret, O. (2003) Fungi from symptomless strawberry plants in Switzerland. Fungi from symptomless strawberry plants in Switzerland 42: 85–88. https://doi.org/10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-1690
Rohrlich, C., Merle, I., Mze Hassani, I., Verger, M., Zuin, M., Besse, S., Robène, I., Nibouche, S., Costet, L. (2018) Variation in physiological host range in three strains of two species of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria. PloS one 13: e0199199. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199199
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Saikkonen, K. (2007) Forest structure and fungal endophytes. Fungal Biology Reviews 21: 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2007.05.001
Samson, R.A., Evans, H.C. & Latgé, J.P. (2013) Atlas of entomopathogenic fungi. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 703–705.
Screen, S.E. & Leger, R.J.S. (2000) Cloning, expression, and substrate specifcity of a fungal chymotrypsin. Evidence for lateral gene transfer from an Actinomycete bacterium. Journal of Biological Chemistry 279: 6689–6694. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.275.9.6689
Serrato-Diaz, L.M., Mariño, Y.A. & Bayman, P. (2020) Pathogens causing Anthracnose and fruit rots of coffee associated with the coffee berry borer and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana in Puerto Rico. Phytopathology 110: 1541–1552. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-02-20-0057-R
Shapiro-Ilan, D., Hazir, S. & Glazer, I. (2017) Basic and applied research: entomopathogenicnematodes. Microbial Control of Insect and Mite Pests: from Theory to Practice 1: 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803527-6.00006-8
Silva-Rojas, H.V. & Ávila-Quezada, G.D. (2011) Phylogenetic and morphological identification of Colletotrichum boninense: a novel causal agent of anthracnose in avocado. Plant Pathology 60: 899–908. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02452.x
Sinha, K.K., Choudhary, A.K. & Kumari, P. (2016) Entomopathogenic fungi. In: Ecofriendly Pest Management for Food Security. pp. 475–505. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/B978-0-12-803265-7.00015-4
Spatafora, J.W., Sung, G.H., Sung, J.M., Hywel-Jones, N.L. & White Jr, J.F. (2007) Phylogenetic evidence for an animal pathogen origin of ergot and the grass endophytes. Molecular ecology 16: 1701–1711. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03225.x
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML Version 8: A tool for Phylogenetic Analysis and Post-Analysis of Large Phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30: 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
Steinhaus, E. (1957) Concerning the harmlessness of insect pathogens and the standardization of microbial control products. Journal of Economic Entomology 50: 715–720. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/50.6.715
Talhinhas, P. & Baroncelli, R. (2021) Colletotrichum species and complexes: geographic distribution, host range and conservation status. Fungal Diversity 110: 109–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00491-9
Templeton, A.R., Crandall, K.A. & Sing, C.F. (1992) A cladistic analysis of phenotypic associations with haplotypes inferred from restriction endonuclease mapping and DNA sequence data. III. Cladogram estimation. Genetics 132: 619–633. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/132.2.619
Toplon, D.E., Terrell, S.P., Sigler, L. & Jacobson, E.R. (2013) Dermatitis and cellulitis in leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) caused by the Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii. Veterinary pathology 50: 585–589. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985812465324
Tzean, S.S., Hsieh, L.S. & Wu, W.J. (1997) Atlas of entomopathogenic fungi from Taiwan. Council of Agriculture 1: 214.
Uecker, F.A., Bailey, J.A. & Jegor, M.J. (1992) Colletotrichum: biology, pathology and control. Mycologia 85: 879. https://doi.org/10.2307/3760628
Uetz, P., Freed, P. & Hošek, J. (2021) The Reptile Database. Available from: http://www.reptile-database.org (accessed 25 January 2022)
Van Overeem, C. (1925) Uber ain merkwurdiges Vorkommen von Basidiobolus ranarum Eidam. Bulletin du Jardin botanique de Buitenzorg 7: 423–431.
Vega, F.E., Posada, F., Aime, M.C., Pava-Ripoll, M., Infante, F. & Rehner, S.A. (2008) Entomopathogenic fungal endophytes. Biological Control 46: 72–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.01.008
Vilela, R. & Mendoza, L. (2018) Human pathogenic entomophthorales. Clinical microbiology reviews 31: e00014-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00014-18
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990
Wang, Q.H., Fan, K., Li, D.W., Han, C.M., Qu, Y.Y., Qi, Y.K. & Wu, X.Q. (2020) Identification, virulence and fungicide sensitivity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ss responsible for walnut anthracnose disease in China. Plant disease 104: 1358–1368. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-19-2569-RE
Wang, W., de Silva, D.D., Moslemi, A., Edwards, J., Ades, P.K., Crous, P.W. & Taylor, P.W. (2021) Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose of citrus in Australia. Journal of Fungi 7: 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7010047
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S.J.W.T. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications 18: 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Yang, E.F., Tibpromma, S., Karunarathna, S.C., Phookamsak, R., Xu, J.C., Zhao, Z.X., Karunanayake, C. & Promputtha, I. (2022) Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Novel and Extant Taxa in Pleosporales Associated with Mangifera indica from Yunnan, China (Series I). Journal of Fungi 8: 152. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8020152
Yang, X., Li, Y., Zhou, X., Wang, Y., Geng, S., Liu, H., Yang, Q., Liu, X., Hiruma, M., Sugita, T., Ikeda, S. & Ogawa, H. (2021) Rhinofacial conidiobolomycosis caused by Conidiobolus coronatus in a Chinese rice farmer. Mycoses 53: 369–373. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2009.01716.x
Yusuf, N.W., Assaf, H.M. & Rotowa, N.A. (2003) Invasive gastrointestinal Basidiobolus ranarum infection in an immunocompetent child. The Pediatric infectious disease journal 22: 281–282. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000054020.84508.02
Zhaxybayeva, O. & Gogarten, J.P. (2002) Bootstrap, Bayesian probability and maximum likelihood mapping: exploring new tools for comparative genome analyses. MBC genomics 3: 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-3-4
Zimmermann, G. (2007) Review on safety of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Beauveria brongniartii. Biocontrol Science and Technology 17: 553–596. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583150701309006
Zozaya, S.M., Alford, R.A. & Schwarzkopf, L. (2015) Invasive house geckos are more willing to use artificial lights than are native geckos. Austral ecology 40: 982–987. https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12287