Abstract
An updated checklist of the family Burmanniaceae in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam is provided. The checklist comprises a single genus, Burmannia, and 15 species, of which one is fully autotrophic, six species are partially mycoheterotrophic, and eight species are fully mycoheterotrophic (non-photosynthetic). Burmannia itoana earlier known only from Japan and China is reported from Vietnam for the first time, based on our collections of this species from northern and southern parts of the country. The newly recorded species, as well as a selection of several other Vietnamese species of Burmannia, are illustrated with analytical photographs of floral structure. A key for identification of Burmannia in the countries of Eastern Indochina is presented.
References
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Blume, C.L. (1827) Enumeratio Plantarum Javae 1. J.W. van Leeuwen, Leiden, 98 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44901
Bolin, J.F., Tennakoon, K.U., Majid, M.B.A. & Cameron, D.D. (2017) Isotopic evidence of partial mycoheterotrophy in Burmannia coelestis (Burmanniaceae). Plant Species Biology 32 (1): 74–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12116
Cho, S.H., Chhang, P. & Kim, Y.D. (2016) A checklist for the seed plants of Cambodia. National Institute of Biological Resources, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, 272 pp.
Dang, V.S., Tagane, S., Toyama, H., Yahara, T., Naiki, A., Nguyen, H.Q. & Tran, H. (2015) A new record of Burmannia championii Thwaites (Burmanniaceae) from Southern Vietnam. Journal of Biotechnology 13 (14A): 1393–1396.
Don, D. (1825) Prodromus florae Nepalensis. J. Gale, London, 256 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.86
Francis, D., Mohan, V., Venugopal, D.K. & Nampy, S. (2021) Burmannia munnarensis (Burmanniaceae) a new species and rediscovery of B. indica after 110 years from southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India. Phytotaxa 507 (1): 105–112. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.507.1.6
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Gagnepain, F. (1908) Burmanniacées. In: Lecomte, H. & Gagnepain, F. (Eds.) Flore générale de l’Indo-Chine, vol. 6. Masson & Cie, Paris, pp. 18–25.
Gandoger, M.M. (1919) Sertum plantarum novarum. Pars secunda. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 66 (5): 286–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1919.10836696
Govaerts, R., Saunders, R.M.K., Maas-van de Kamer, H., Maas-van de Kamer, P. & Zhang, D.X. (2011) World checklist of Burmanniaceae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/ (Accessed 9 September 2021)
Hooker, J.D. (1888) Order CXLVII. Burmanniaceae. In: Hooker, J.D. (Ed.) Flora of British India. Vol. 5. Chenopodiaceae to Orchidaceae. L. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 664–667. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.678
Hsieh, S.I., Lee, C.T., Yeh, C.L. & Wu, J.H. (2011) The pixies of the forest floor – Burmannia itoana Makino. Nature Conservation Quarterly 76: 16–19. [in Chinese] https://dx.doi.org/10.29738%2fNCQ.201112.0003
Jacquemyn, H. & Merckx, V.S.F.T. (2019) Mycorrhizal symbioses and the evolution of trophic modes in plants. Journal of Ecology 107 (4): 1567–1581. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13165
Jonker, F.P. (1938) A monograph of the Burmanniaceae. Mededeelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijks Universiteit te Utrecht (Utrecht) 51: 1–279.
Li, X., Zhang, K., Qian, X., Wu, M. & Zhang, D. (2020) Burmannia decurrens (Burmanniaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic species from southwestern Guangdong, China. Nordic Journal of Botany 38 (9): e02718. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.02718
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum 1. Imprensis Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm. 560 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669
Maas, P.J.M., Maas-van de Kamer, H., van Benthem, J., Snelders, H.C.M. & Rübsamen, T. (1986) Burmanniaceae. Flora Neotropica Monograph 42: 1–189.
Maas-Van de Kamer, H. (1998) Burmanniaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. (Ed.) Families and genera of vascular plants, Vol. 3: Monocotyledons, Lilianae (except Orchidaceae). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp. 154–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03533-7_21
Makino, T. (1913) Observations on the flora of Japan. Botanical Magazine 27 (313): 1–5. [https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.27.313_1b, https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.27.324_243]
Merckx, V.S.F.T. (2013) Mycoheterotrophy: an introduction. In: Merckx, V.S.F.T. (Ed.) Mycoheterotrophy: The biology of plants living on fungi. Springer Science+Business Media, New York, pp. 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5209-6_1
Merckx, V.S.F.T., Freudenstein, J.V., Kissling, J., Christenhusz, M.J.M., Stotler, R.E., Crandall-Stotler, B., Wickett, N., Rudall, P.J., Maasvan de Kamer, H. & Maas, P.J.M. (2013) Taxonomy and classification. In: Merckx, V.S.F.T. (Ed.) Mycoheterotrophy: The biology of plants living on fungi. Springer Science+Business Media, New York, pp. 19–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5209-6_2
Miers, J. (1841) On some new Brazilian plants allied to the natural order Burmanniaceæ. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 18 (4): 535–556. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1838.tb00203.x
Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007a) A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 394 pp.
Newman, M., Thomas, P., Lanorsavanh, S., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B. & Lamxay, V. (2007b) New records of angiosperms and pteridophytes in the flora of Laos. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 64 (2): 225–251. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428607000923
Nguyen, T.D. (2003) 239. Burmanniaceae Blume, 1827. In: Nguyen, T.B. (Ed.) Checklist of plant species of Vietnam. Vol. 2. Agriculture Publishing House, Hanoi, pp. 26–27. [in Vietnamese]
Nuraliev, M.S., Zhang, D., Kuznetsov, A.N. & Kuznetsova, S.P. (2018) Two new records of non-photosynthetic Burmannia species (Burmanniaceae) from Laos and Vietnam. Wulfenia 25: 52–56.
Ohashi, H., Leou, C.S. & Hsieh, T.H. (2000) 18. Burmanniaceae. In: Huang, T.C. (Ed.) Flora of Taiwan, 2nd ed., 5. Editorial Committee, Taipei, pp. 141–144.
Pham-Hoang, H. (2000) An illustrated flora of Vietnam. Vol. 3. Youth Publishing House, Ho Chi Minh City, 1020 pp. [in Vietnamese]
Ridley, H. (1904) New Malayan plants. Journal of the Straits Branch Royal Asiatic Society 41: 31–51.
Thwaites, G.H.K. (1864) Burmanniaceae. In: Thwaites, G.H.K. & Hooker, J.D. (Eds.) Enumeratio plantarum Zeylaniae. Dulao, London, 325 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.574
Trimen, H. (1898) A hand-book to the flora of Ceylon 4. Dulau & Co., London, 384 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10864
Tsukaya, H. (2016) Burmanniaceae. In: Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (Eds.) Flora of Japan. Vol. IVb. Kodansha LTD, Tokyo, pp. 194–197.
Yudina, S.V., Kocyan, A., Truong, B.V., Vislobokov, N.A., Lyskov, D.F., Nuraliev, M.S. & Remizowa, M.V. (2022) Structure and development of flowers and inflorescences in Burmannia (Burmanniaceae, Dioscoreales). Frontiers in Plant Science 13: 849276. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.849276
Wu, D., Zhang, D. & Saunders, R.M.K. (2010) Burmanniaceae. In: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) Flora of China, 23. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden, Beijing and St. Louis, pp. 121–124.
Wu, T.L. (1977) Burmanniaceae. In: Wu, T.L. (Ed.) Flora Hainanica 4. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 182–185. [in Chinese]
Wu, T.L. & Chen, S.J. (1981) Burmanniaceae. In: Wu, T.L. (Ed.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 16 (2). Science Press, Beijing, pp. 169–175. [in Chinese]
Zhang, D. (1999) Systematics of Burmannia L. (Burmanniaceae) in the Old World. Unpublished PhD thesis, The University of Hong Kong, 331 pp.
Zhang, D. & Saunders, R.M.K. (2000) Systematics of the Burmannia coelestis complex (Burmanniaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany 20 (4): 385–394. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2000.tb01578.x
Zhao, Z., Li, X., Liu, M.F., Merckx, V.S.F.T., Saunders, R.M.K. & Zhang, D. (2021) Specificity of assemblage, not fungal partner species, explains mycorrhizal partnerships of mycoheterotrophic Burmannia plants. The ISME Journal 15 (6): 1614–1627. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-00874-x
Beccari, O. (1878) Malesia: raccolta di osservazioni botaniche intorno alle piante dell’arcipelago Indo-Malese e Papuano pubblicata da Odoardo Beccari, destinata principalmente a descrivere ed illustrare le piante da esso raccolte in quelle regioni durante i viaggi eseguiti dall’anno 1865 all’anno 1878, volume 1. Genova, Tip. del R. Instituto Sordo-muti, 379 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.79357
Blume, C.L. (1827) Enumeratio Plantarum Javae 1. J.W. van Leeuwen, Leiden, 98 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44901
Bolin, J.F., Tennakoon, K.U., Majid, M.B.A. & Cameron, D.D. (2017) Isotopic evidence of partial mycoheterotrophy in Burmannia coelestis (Burmanniaceae). Plant Species Biology 32 (1): 74–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12116
Cho, S.H., Chhang, P. & Kim, Y.D. (2016) A checklist for the seed plants of Cambodia. National Institute of Biological Resources, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, 272 pp.
Dang, V.S., Tagane, S., Toyama, H., Yahara, T., Naiki, A., Nguyen, H.Q. & Tran, H. (2015) A new record of Burmannia championii Thwaites (Burmanniaceae) from Southern Vietnam. Journal of Biotechnology 13 (14A): 1393–1396.
Don, D. (1825) Prodromus florae Nepalensis. J. Gale, London, 256 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.86
Francis, D., Mohan, V., Venugopal, D.K. & Nampy, S. (2021) Burmannia munnarensis (Burmanniaceae) a new species and rediscovery of B. indica after 110 years from southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India. Phytotaxa 507 (1): 105–112. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.507.1.6
Gagnepain, F. (1907) Quelques Burmannia asiatiques nouveaux de l’Herbier du Muséum. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 54 (5): 459–465. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1907.10831293
Gagnepain, F. (1908) Burmanniacées. In: Lecomte, H. & Gagnepain, F. (Eds.) Flore générale de l’Indo-Chine, vol. 6. Masson & Cie, Paris, pp. 18–25.
Gandoger, M.M. (1919) Sertum plantarum novarum. Pars secunda. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 66 (5): 286–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1919.10836696
Govaerts, R., Saunders, R.M.K., Maas-van de Kamer, H., Maas-van de Kamer, P. & Zhang, D.X. (2011) World checklist of Burmanniaceae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/ (Accessed 9 September 2021)
Hooker, J.D. (1888) Order CXLVII. Burmanniaceae. In: Hooker, J.D. (Ed.) Flora of British India. Vol. 5. Chenopodiaceae to Orchidaceae. L. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 664–667. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.678
Hsieh, S.I., Lee, C.T., Yeh, C.L. & Wu, J.H. (2011) The pixies of the forest floor – Burmannia itoana Makino. Nature Conservation Quarterly 76: 16–19. [in Chinese] https://dx.doi.org/10.29738%2fNCQ.201112.0003
Jacquemyn, H. & Merckx, V.S.F.T. (2019) Mycorrhizal symbioses and the evolution of trophic modes in plants. Journal of Ecology 107 (4): 1567–1581. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13165
Jonker, F.P. (1938) A monograph of the Burmanniaceae. Mededeelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijks Universiteit te Utrecht (Utrecht) 51: 1–279.
Li, X., Zhang, K., Qian, X., Wu, M. & Zhang, D. (2020) Burmannia decurrens (Burmanniaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic species from southwestern Guangdong, China. Nordic Journal of Botany 38 (9): e02718. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.02718
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum 1. Imprensis Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm. 560 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669
Maas, P.J.M., Maas-van de Kamer, H., van Benthem, J., Snelders, H.C.M. & Rübsamen, T. (1986) Burmanniaceae. Flora Neotropica Monograph 42: 1–189.
Maas-Van de Kamer, H. (1998) Burmanniaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. (Ed.) Families and genera of vascular plants, Vol. 3: Monocotyledons, Lilianae (except Orchidaceae). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp. 154–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03533-7_21
Makino, T. (1913) Observations on the flora of Japan. Botanical Magazine 27 (313): 1–5. [https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.27.313_1b, https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.27.324_243]
Merckx, V.S.F.T. (2013) Mycoheterotrophy: an introduction. In: Merckx, V.S.F.T. (Ed.) Mycoheterotrophy: The biology of plants living on fungi. Springer Science+Business Media, New York, pp. 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5209-6_1
Merckx, V.S.F.T., Freudenstein, J.V., Kissling, J., Christenhusz, M.J.M., Stotler, R.E., Crandall-Stotler, B., Wickett, N., Rudall, P.J., Maasvan de Kamer, H. & Maas, P.J.M. (2013) Taxonomy and classification. In: Merckx, V.S.F.T. (Ed.) Mycoheterotrophy: The biology of plants living on fungi. Springer Science+Business Media, New York, pp. 19–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5209-6_2
Miers, J. (1841) On some new Brazilian plants allied to the natural order Burmanniaceæ. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 18 (4): 535–556. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1838.tb00203.x
Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007a) A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 394 pp.
Newman, M., Thomas, P., Lanorsavanh, S., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B. & Lamxay, V. (2007b) New records of angiosperms and pteridophytes in the flora of Laos. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 64 (2): 225–251. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428607000923
Nguyen, T.D. (2003) 239. Burmanniaceae Blume, 1827. In: Nguyen, T.B. (Ed.) Checklist of plant species of Vietnam. Vol. 2. Agriculture Publishing House, Hanoi, pp. 26–27. [in Vietnamese]
Nuraliev, M.S., Zhang, D., Kuznetsov, A.N. & Kuznetsova, S.P. (2018) Two new records of non-photosynthetic Burmannia species (Burmanniaceae) from Laos and Vietnam. Wulfenia 25: 52–56.
Ohashi, H., Leou, C.S. & Hsieh, T.H. (2000) 18. Burmanniaceae. In: Huang, T.C. (Ed.) Flora of Taiwan, 2nd ed., 5. Editorial Committee, Taipei, pp. 141–144.
Pham-Hoang, H. (2000) An illustrated flora of Vietnam. Vol. 3. Youth Publishing House, Ho Chi Minh City, 1020 pp. [in Vietnamese]
Ridley, H. (1904) New Malayan plants. Journal of the Straits Branch Royal Asiatic Society 41: 31–51.
Thwaites, G.H.K. (1864) Burmanniaceae. In: Thwaites, G.H.K. & Hooker, J.D. (Eds.) Enumeratio plantarum Zeylaniae. Dulao, London, 325 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.574
Trimen, H. (1898) A hand-book to the flora of Ceylon 4. Dulau & Co., London, 384 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10864
Tsukaya, H. (2016) Burmanniaceae. In: Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (Eds.) Flora of Japan. Vol. IVb. Kodansha LTD, Tokyo, pp. 194–197.
Yudina, S.V., Kocyan, A., Truong, B.V., Vislobokov, N.A., Lyskov, D.F., Nuraliev, M.S. & Remizowa, M.V. (2022) Structure and development of flowers and inflorescences in Burmannia (Burmanniaceae, Dioscoreales). Frontiers in Plant Science 13: 849276. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.849276
Wu, D., Zhang, D. & Saunders, R.M.K. (2010) Burmanniaceae. In: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) Flora of China, 23. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden, Beijing and St. Louis, pp. 121–124.
Wu, T.L. (1977) Burmanniaceae. In: Wu, T.L. (Ed.) Flora Hainanica 4. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 182–185. [in Chinese]
Wu, T.L. & Chen, S.J. (1981) Burmanniaceae. In: Wu, T.L. (Ed.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 16 (2). Science Press, Beijing, pp. 169–175. [in Chinese]
Zhang, D. (1999) Systematics of Burmannia L. (Burmanniaceae) in the Old World. Unpublished PhD thesis, The University of Hong Kong, 331 pp.
Zhang, D. & Saunders, R.M.K. (2000) Systematics of the Burmannia coelestis complex (Burmanniaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany 20 (4): 385–394. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2000.tb01578.x
Zhao, Z., Li, X., Liu, M.F., Merckx, V.S.F.T., Saunders, R.M.K. & Zhang, D. (2021) Specificity of assemblage, not fungal partner species, explains mycorrhizal partnerships of mycoheterotrophic Burmannia plants. The ISME Journal 15 (6): 1614–1627. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-00874-x