Abstract
Sida is one of the genera with the highest species richness of Malvaceae and one of the less assessed genera in terms of taxonomy in subfamily Malvoideae. Studies on the taxonomy of the genus in Brazil are scarce. In the state of Rio Grande do Sul Sida is represented by 23 species. This synopsis includes a taxonomic key, illustrations, informations about habitat, maps with geographical distribution, nomenclatural and taxonomic notes, general comments on the biology, ecology and conservation status for all the species. Two names are new synonyms (S. krapovickasii and S. pseudorubifolia), seven names were lectotypified (S. anarthra, S. cerradoensis, S. paradoxa, S. planicaulis, S. riedelii, S. rubifolia, S. viarum), nine species are new records for the state of Rio Grande do Sul (S. cerradoensis, S. confusa, S. cordifolia, S. glaziovii, S. lonchitis, S. nemorensis, S. ramoniana, S. reitzii, S. riedelii). For six species, photos of them in their habitat are presented for the first time, S. farroupilhensis, S. nemorensis, S. paradoxa, S. potentilloides, S. reitzii, and S. rubifolia.
References
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Bovini, M.G. (2016) Two new species of Sida (Malvaceae: Malvoideae) for Brazil. Phytotaxa 282 (4): 291–295. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.282.4.6
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Bovini, M.G. (2020) Sida in Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/floradobrasil/FB9206 (accessed 7 July 2020)
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Clement, I.D. (1957) Studies in Sida (Malvaceae) I. A review of the genus and monograph of the sections Malacroideae, Physalodes, Pseudomalvastrum, Incanifolia, Oligandrae, Pseudonapaea, Hookeria and Steninda. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 180: 1–91.
Colla, L.A. (1833) Herbarium Pedemontanum, Vol. 1. Augustae Taurinorum: Ex Typis Regiis, Torino, 566 pp.
CRIA (2020) (Centro de Referência e Informação Ambiental). speciesLink—simple search. Available from: https://specieslink.net/search/ (accessed 7 July 2020)
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Dwyer, J.D. (1955) The botanical catalogues of Auguste De Saint-Hilaire. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 42: 153–170. https://doi.org/10.2307/2394600
Ekman, E.L. (1910) Beiträge zur Columniferenflora von Misiones. Arkiv för Botanik 9: 1–56.
Fries, R.E. (1908) Studien über die amerikanische Columniferenflora. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 42: 1–67 + 7 plates.
Fryxell, P.A. (1976) On some Brazilian Malvaceae of Martius, published by Colla in 1833. Taxon 25: 589–593. https://doi.org/10.2307/1220115
Fryxell, P.A. (1978) Neotropical segregates from Sida L. (Malvaceae). Brittonia 30: 447–462. https://doi.org/10.2307/2806349
Fryxell, P.A. (1985) The North and Central American species of Sida. Sida, Contributions to Botany 11: 62–91.
Fryxell, P.A. (1988) Malvaceae of Mexico. Systematic Botany Monograph 25: 1–522. https://doi.org/10.2307/25027717
Fryxell, P.A. (1997) The American genera of Malvaceae-II. Brittonia 49 (2): 204–269. https://doi.org/10.2307/2807683
Fuertes Aguilar, J. (1995) Sida L. (Malvaceae). In: Piedrahita, S.D., Telleria, M.T., Castroviejo, S., Mejia, W.J., Carranza, P.R., Contreras, G.L. (Eds.) Flora de Colombia, No. 17. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 142 pp.
Fuertes Aguilar, J., Fryxell, P.A. & Jansen, R.K. (2003) Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Sida generic alliance (Malvaceae) based on nrDNA ITS evidence. Systematic Botany 28: 352–364.
Gray, A. (1849) Plantae Fendlerianae. Memoirs American Academy 2: 1–116.
Grisebach, A.H.R. (1859) Flora of British West Indian Islands. Lovell, Reeve & Co., London, 789 pp.
Hasenack, H., Weber, E.J., Boldrini, I.I., Trevisan, R., Flores, C.A. & Dewes, H. (in press) A functional landscape classification of subtropical grasslands in Southern Brazil based on the ecoregion concept. Ecología Austral.
Hassler, E. (1910a) Ex herbario hassleriano: novitates paraguariensis. IV. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 8: 34–47.
Hassler, E. (1910b) Ex herbario hassleriano: novitates paraguariensis. VI. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 8: 113–132.
Herter, W. (1945) Auf dem Spuren der Naturforscher Sellow and Saint-Hilaire. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik 74: 119–149.
Hochreutiner, B.P.G. (1902) Malvaceae novae vel minus cognitae. Annuaire du Conservatoire et du Jardin Botaniques de Genève 6: 10–59.
IBGE (2019) Biomas e Sistema Costeiro-Marinho do Brasil. Available from: http://www.ibge.gov.br (accessed 28 September 2020)
IUCN (2017) Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 13. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommitttee. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 3 November 2019)
Keller, A.H. (2021) Sida krapovickasii (Malvaceae), nueva especie de la Sección Nelavaga. Bonplandia 30: 1–7. https://doi.org/10.30972/bon.3024852
Krapovickas, A. (1969) Notas citotaxonomicas sobre Malvaceas. Bonplandia 3: 1–16. https://doi.org/10.30972/bon.32-41441
Krapovickas, A. (2003) Sida sección Distichifolia (Monteiro) Krapov. comb. nov., stat. nov. (Malvaceae-Malveae). Bonplandia 12: 83–121. https://doi.org/10.30972/bon.121-41407
Krapovickas, A. (2005) Malvaceae. In: Bacigalupo, N.M. (Ed.) Flora Ilustrada de Entre-Rios. 6 (4b). Colecc. Ci. Inst. Nac. Tecnol. Agropecu, pp. 292–333.
Krapovickas, A. (2006) Las especies argentinas y de países vecinos de Sida secc. Nelavaga (Malvaceae, Malveae). Bonplandia 15: 5–45. https://doi.org/10.30972/bon.151-289
Krapovickas, A. (2007a) Novedades en el género Sida (Malvaceae, Tribu Malveae). Bonplandia 16: 193–208. https://doi.org/10.30972/bon.163-4147
Krapovickas, A. (2007b) Las especies de Sida secc. Malacroideae (Malvaceae) del Cono Sur de Sudamérica. Bonplandia 16: 209–253. https://doi.org/10.30972/bon.163-4150
Krapovickas, A. (2014) Nuevas especies de Sida Sección Sida (Malvaceae). Bonplandia 23: 65–118. https://doi.org/10.30972/bon.232258
Linnaeus, C. von (1753) Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, loci natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, pp. 561–1200. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.59734
Linnaeus, C. von (1759) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus II. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, pp. 825–1384. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542
Linnaeus, C. von (1781) Supplementum Plantarum Systematis Vegetabilium EditionisDecimae Tertiae, Generum Plantarum Editiones Sextae, et Specierum Plantarum Editionis Secundae. Editum a Carolo a Linné, Brunsvigae, 468 pp.
Mapbiomas (2020) Available from: https://mapbiomas.org/ (accessed 24 November 2020)
Miller, P. (1768) The gardeners dictionary: containing the best and newest methods of cultivating and improving the kitchen, fruit, flower garden, and nursery, as also for performing the practical parts of agriculture, including the management of vineyards, with the methods of making and preserving wine, according to the present practice of the most skilful vignerons in the several wine countries in Europe, together with directions for propagating and improving, from real practice and experience, all sorts of timber trees, ed. 8. Printed for the author, London, without pagination.
Monteiro-Filho, H.C. (1936) Monografia da Malvaceae Brasileiras. Fasc. I. O gênero Sida. Revisão das espécies brasileiras. 1ª Parte. Chave das espécies sul americanas e novidades brasileiras. Ministério da Agricultura, Departamento Nacional de Produção Vegetal, Serviço de Plantas Têxteis, Rio de Janeiro, 56 pp.
Monteiro-Filho, H.C. (1942) Sida sul-riograndenses. I Parte. Chave das espécies. Ministério da Agricultura, Imprensa Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 10 pp.
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