Abstract
Cynosurus peltieri (Poaceae) is a very poorly known species only occurring in Algeria and Tunisia. A morphological description, together with its distribution and habitat, taxonomy, and IUCN Red List assessment are provided in the present paper. Photographic illustrations of the species comparing it with the similar Cynosurus polybracteatus, together with an updated diagnostic key to the Cynosurus species in North Africa, are also provided. In addition, the name is lectotypified on a specimen preserved at MPU, with isolectotypes preserved at P and BC.
References
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<p>APD [African Plant Database]. (2021) <em>Cynosurus peltieri</em> Maire. Available online at http://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/africa/details.php?langue=an&id=158109 (accessed 01 September 2021).</p>
<p>Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., De la Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. <em>In:</em> Smith, V. & Penev, L. (Eds.) e-Infrastructures for data publishing in biodiversity science. <em>ZooKeys </em>150: 117<em>–</em>126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109</p>
<p>Catalan, P., Torrecilla, P., Rodguez, J.A.L. & Olmestead, G.R. (2004) Phylogeny of the festucoid grasses of subtribe <em>Loliinae</em> and allies (<em>Poaceae</em>, <em>Pooideae</em>) inferred from ITS and trnL-F sequences. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution</em> 31 (2): 517–541.</p>
<p>Cuénod, A., Pottier-Alapetite, G. & Labbe, A. (1954) <em>Cynosurus </em>L. <em>In:</em> <em>Flore analytique et synoptique de la Tunisie</em>: <em>Cryptogames vasculaires, Gymnospermes et Monocotylédones</em>. Office de l’Expérimentation et de la Vulgarisation Agricoles, Tunis, pp. 124–125.</p>
<p>Desfontaines, R.L. (1798) <em>Flora atlantica</em>, vol. 1. L.G. Desgranges, Paris, 120 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.323</p>
<p>Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2010) <em>Cynosurus </em>L. <em>In:</em> <em>Index synonymique de la Flore d’Afrique du nord</em>. Vol 1. Éditions des Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Geneva, pp. 267–268.</p>
<p>El Mokni, R. (2022a) <em>Allium elaounii</em>: a new species of <em>A. </em>sect. <em>Pseudoscorodon </em>(Amaryllidaceae, Allioideae, Allieae) from Kroumirian mountains, Tunisia. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 533 (4): 205–215. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.533.4.3</p>
<p>El Mokni, R. <strong>(</strong>2022b) <em>Quercus </em>×<em>numidica</em> Trabut (Fagaceae, Quercoideae) and <em>Cynosuro peltierii-Quercetum afaredis</em> Laribi ex El Mokni <em>ass. nov.</em> new taxon and syntaxon to Kroumirian oak forests of Tunisia with remarks on their ecology and conservation. <em>Hacquetia</em> 21 (1): 153–162. https://ojs.zrc-sazu.si/hacquetia/article/view/10382</p>
<p>El Mokni, R. & Domina, G. (2019) Taxonomic and distributive notes on Serapias lingua subsp. tunetana (Orchidaceae), a rare endemic to Tunisia. <em>Collectanea Botanica</em> 38: e005. https://doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2019.v38.005</p>
<p>El Mokni, R. & Peruzzi, L. (2019) Rediscovery and conservation of <em>Linaria cossonii </em>Bonnet & Barratte (Plantaginaceae) in Tunisia. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 423 (5): 284–288. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.423.5.2</p>
<p>El Mokni, R., Domina, G., Boutabia, L. & Kreutz, C.A.J. (2021) New taxonomic and distributive data for <em>Serapias</em> <em>tunetana</em> - a North African species from the <em>Serapias</em> <em>lingua</em> aggregate. <em>Journal Europäischer Orchideen</em> 53 (1): 19–32.</p>
<p>El Mokni, R., Domina, G., Sebei, H. & El Aouni, M.H. (2014) Hyacinthoides kroumiriensis sp. nov. (Hyacinthaceae): a new species from North West of Tunisia. <em>International Journal of Advanced Research</em> 2 (9): 640–644.</p>
<p>El Mokni, R., Domina, G., Sebei, H. & El Aouni, M.H. (2015b) On the distribution and subspecific variation of the Tunisian-Algerian endemic <em>Delphinium sylvaticum</em> Pomel (<em>Ranunculaceae</em>). <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 33 (5): 548<strong>–</strong>554. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00900</p>
<p>El Mokni, R., Sebei, H. & El Aouni, M.H. (2015a) Rediscovery of a rare North African endemic <em>Odontites </em>(<em>Orobanchaceae</em>): first record and variability from Tunisia. <em>International Journal of Advanced Research</em> 3 (2): 376<strong>–</strong>382.</p>
<p>Fries, E.M. (1835) <em>Corpus florarum provincialium Sueciae. I. Floram scanicam</em>. Palmblad, Sebell & Co., Uppsala, 394 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.47083</p>
<p>Iamonico, D. & El Mokni, R. (2021) <em>Hertia cheirifolia </em>and <em>H. maroccana </em>(Asteraceae), two species endemic to North Africa: nomenclatural notes, morphology, distribution, and IUCN Red List assessments. <em>Collectanea Botanica</em> 40: e009. https://doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2021.v40.009</p>
<p>IUCN [International Union for Conservation of Nature]. (2021) <em>The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</em>. Version 2020-2. Available online at: https://www.iucnredlist.org (accessed 1 September 2021).</p>
<p>Laribi, M. (2000) Contribution à l’étude phytosociologique des formations caducifoliées à <em>Quercus canariensis</em> Willd. et <em>Quercus afares</em> Pomel du massif d’Ath Ghobri-Akfadou (Grande Kabylie). Unpublished Masters Thesis, Institut de Biologie, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, 93 pp. + annexes.</p>
<p>Link, J.H.F. (1800) Nachricht von einer Reise nach Portugal nebst botanischen Bemerkungen. <em>Journal für die Botanik</em> 2 (1): 297–326.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. von (1753) <em>Species Plantarum</em>. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 560 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.37656</p>
<p>Long, S. (2007) Cynosurus L. <em>In:</em> Barkworth, M.E., Capels, K.M., Long, S. & Anderton, L.K. (Eds.) <em>Flora of North America north of Mexico</em>, vol. 24. Oxford University Press, New York-Oxford, pp. 685–687.</p>
<p>Maire, R. (1931) Contributions à l’étude de la Flore de l’Afrique du Nord. <em>Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire Naturelle de l’Afrique du Nord</em> 22: 275–325.</p>
<p>Maire, R. (1955) <em>Cynosurus</em> L. <em>In:</em> Maire, R., <em>Flore de l’Afrique du Nord</em> (Maroc, Algérie, Tunisie, Tripolitaine, Cyrénaïque et Sahara). Vol. 3. <em>Monocotyledonae</em>, <em>Glumiflorae</em> (<em>Gramineae</em>: sf. <em>Pooideae</em> p.p.). Lechevalier, Paris, pp. 49–63.</p>
<p>McNeill, J. (2014) Holotype specimens and type citations: General issues. <em>Taxon</em> 63 (5): 1112–1113. https://dx.doi.org/10.12705/635.7</p>
<p>Meddour, R. (1993) Analyse phytosociologique de la chênaie caducifoliée mixte de Tala Kitane (Akfadou, Algérie). <em>Ecologia Mediterranea</em> 19 (3–4): 43–51.</p>
<p>Nees von Esenbeck, C.G. (1841) <em>Florae Africae Australioris illustrationes monographicae. I. Gramineae</em>. Sumtibus Prausnitzianis, Glogaviae, 490 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7585</p>
<p>Poiret, J.L.M. (1789) <em>Voyage en Barbarie</em>, vol. 2. J.B.F.Née de la Rochelle, Paris, 315 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13598</p>
<p>POWO [Plants of the World Online] (2022a-onward)<em> Cynosurus</em> L. Available online at http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:397215-1 (accessed 01 September 2021).</p>
<p>POWO [Plants of the World Online] (2022b-onward) <em>Cynosurus</em> <em>peltieri </em>Maire. Available online at http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:397215-1 (accessed 01 September 2021).</p>
<p>Quézel, P. & Santa, S. (1962) <em>Cynosurus </em>L. <em>In:</em> Quézel, P. & Santa, S.,<em> Nouvelle Flore de L’Algérie et des Régions Désertiques Méridionales</em>. Vol. 1. Eìditions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, pp. 134–135.</p>
<p>Rezaei, E., Saeidi, H. & Rahiminejad, M.R. (2011) A taxonomic revision of the genus Cynosurus L. in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 17 (2): 212–219.</p>
<p>Stafleu, F.A. & Cowan, R.S. (1983) <em>Taxonomic literature: a selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types</em>. Vol. IV: P–Sak. (2nd edn). Regnum Vegetabile 110, Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht, [I]–IX, 1214 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48631</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2022-onward) <em>Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available online at http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih (accessed 08 August 2021).</p>
<p>Trabut, L. (1895) Graminées: <em>Cynosurus</em>. <em>In:</em> Battandier, J.A. & Trabut, L., <em>Flore de l’Algérie</em>, vol. 2. A. Jourdan, Alger, pp. 190–191. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10917</p>
<p>Tsvelev, N.N. (1984) <em>Grasses of the Soviet Union</em>, part. 1. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 568 pp.</p>
<p>APD [African Plant Database]. (2021) <em>Cynosurus peltieri</em> Maire. Available online at http://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/africa/details.php?langue=an&id=158109 (accessed 01 September 2021).</p>
<p>Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., De la Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. <em>In:</em> Smith, V. & Penev, L. (Eds.) e-Infrastructures for data publishing in biodiversity science. <em>ZooKeys </em>150: 117<em>–</em>126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109</p>
<p>Catalan, P., Torrecilla, P., Rodguez, J.A.L. & Olmestead, G.R. (2004) Phylogeny of the festucoid grasses of subtribe <em>Loliinae</em> and allies (<em>Poaceae</em>, <em>Pooideae</em>) inferred from ITS and trnL-F sequences. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution</em> 31 (2): 517–541.</p>
<p>Cuénod, A., Pottier-Alapetite, G. & Labbe, A. (1954) <em>Cynosurus </em>L. <em>In:</em> <em>Flore analytique et synoptique de la Tunisie</em>: <em>Cryptogames vasculaires, Gymnospermes et Monocotylédones</em>. Office de l’Expérimentation et de la Vulgarisation Agricoles, Tunis, pp. 124–125.</p>
<p>Desfontaines, R.L. (1798) <em>Flora atlantica</em>, vol. 1. L.G. Desgranges, Paris, 120 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.323</p>
<p>Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2010) <em>Cynosurus </em>L. <em>In:</em> <em>Index synonymique de la Flore d’Afrique du nord</em>. Vol 1. Éditions des Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Geneva, pp. 267–268.</p>
<p>El Mokni, R. (2022a) <em>Allium elaounii</em>: a new species of <em>A. </em>sect. <em>Pseudoscorodon </em>(Amaryllidaceae, Allioideae, Allieae) from Kroumirian mountains, Tunisia. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 533 (4): 205–215. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.533.4.3</p>
<p>El Mokni, R. <strong>(</strong>2022b) <em>Quercus </em>×<em>numidica</em> Trabut (Fagaceae, Quercoideae) and <em>Cynosuro peltierii-Quercetum afaredis</em> Laribi ex El Mokni <em>ass. nov.</em> new taxon and syntaxon to Kroumirian oak forests of Tunisia with remarks on their ecology and conservation. <em>Hacquetia</em> 21 (1): 153–162. https://ojs.zrc-sazu.si/hacquetia/article/view/10382</p>
<p>El Mokni, R. & Domina, G. (2019) Taxonomic and distributive notes on Serapias lingua subsp. tunetana (Orchidaceae), a rare endemic to Tunisia. <em>Collectanea Botanica</em> 38: e005. https://doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2019.v38.005</p>
<p>El Mokni, R. & Peruzzi, L. (2019) Rediscovery and conservation of <em>Linaria cossonii </em>Bonnet & Barratte (Plantaginaceae) in Tunisia. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 423 (5): 284–288. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.423.5.2</p>
<p>El Mokni, R., Domina, G., Boutabia, L. & Kreutz, C.A.J. (2021) New taxonomic and distributive data for <em>Serapias</em> <em>tunetana</em> - a North African species from the <em>Serapias</em> <em>lingua</em> aggregate. <em>Journal Europäischer Orchideen</em> 53 (1): 19–32.</p>
<p>El Mokni, R., Domina, G., Sebei, H. & El Aouni, M.H. (2014) Hyacinthoides kroumiriensis sp. nov. (Hyacinthaceae): a new species from North West of Tunisia. <em>International Journal of Advanced Research</em> 2 (9): 640–644.</p>
<p>El Mokni, R., Domina, G., Sebei, H. & El Aouni, M.H. (2015b) On the distribution and subspecific variation of the Tunisian-Algerian endemic <em>Delphinium sylvaticum</em> Pomel (<em>Ranunculaceae</em>). <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 33 (5): 548<strong>–</strong>554. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00900</p>
<p>El Mokni, R., Sebei, H. & El Aouni, M.H. (2015a) Rediscovery of a rare North African endemic <em>Odontites </em>(<em>Orobanchaceae</em>): first record and variability from Tunisia. <em>International Journal of Advanced Research</em> 3 (2): 376<strong>–</strong>382.</p>
<p>Fries, E.M. (1835) <em>Corpus florarum provincialium Sueciae. I. Floram scanicam</em>. Palmblad, Sebell & Co., Uppsala, 394 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.47083</p>
<p>Iamonico, D. & El Mokni, R. (2021) <em>Hertia cheirifolia </em>and <em>H. maroccana </em>(Asteraceae), two species endemic to North Africa: nomenclatural notes, morphology, distribution, and IUCN Red List assessments. <em>Collectanea Botanica</em> 40: e009. https://doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2021.v40.009</p>
<p>IUCN [International Union for Conservation of Nature]. (2021) <em>The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</em>. Version 2020-2. Available online at: https://www.iucnredlist.org (accessed 1 September 2021).</p>
<p>Laribi, M. (2000) Contribution à l’étude phytosociologique des formations caducifoliées à <em>Quercus canariensis</em> Willd. et <em>Quercus afares</em> Pomel du massif d’Ath Ghobri-Akfadou (Grande Kabylie). Unpublished Masters Thesis, Institut de Biologie, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, 93 pp. + annexes.</p>
<p>Link, J.H.F. (1800) Nachricht von einer Reise nach Portugal nebst botanischen Bemerkungen. <em>Journal für die Botanik</em> 2 (1): 297–326.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. von (1753) <em>Species Plantarum</em>. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 560 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.37656</p>
<p>Long, S. (2007) Cynosurus L. <em>In:</em> Barkworth, M.E., Capels, K.M., Long, S. & Anderton, L.K. (Eds.) <em>Flora of North America north of Mexico</em>, vol. 24. Oxford University Press, New York-Oxford, pp. 685–687.</p>
<p>Maire, R. (1931) Contributions à l’étude de la Flore de l’Afrique du Nord. <em>Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire Naturelle de l’Afrique du Nord</em> 22: 275–325.</p>
<p>Maire, R. (1955) <em>Cynosurus</em> L. <em>In:</em> Maire, R., <em>Flore de l’Afrique du Nord</em> (Maroc, Algérie, Tunisie, Tripolitaine, Cyrénaïque et Sahara). Vol. 3. <em>Monocotyledonae</em>, <em>Glumiflorae</em> (<em>Gramineae</em>: sf. <em>Pooideae</em> p.p.). Lechevalier, Paris, pp. 49–63.</p>
<p>McNeill, J. (2014) Holotype specimens and type citations: General issues. <em>Taxon</em> 63 (5): 1112–1113. https://dx.doi.org/10.12705/635.7</p>
<p>Meddour, R. (1993) Analyse phytosociologique de la chênaie caducifoliée mixte de Tala Kitane (Akfadou, Algérie). <em>Ecologia Mediterranea</em> 19 (3–4): 43–51.</p>
<p>Nees von Esenbeck, C.G. (1841) <em>Florae Africae Australioris illustrationes monographicae. I. Gramineae</em>. Sumtibus Prausnitzianis, Glogaviae, 490 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7585</p>
<p>Poiret, J.L.M. (1789) <em>Voyage en Barbarie</em>, vol. 2. J.B.F.Née de la Rochelle, Paris, 315 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13598</p>
<p>POWO [Plants of the World Online] (2022a-onward)<em> Cynosurus</em> L. Available online at http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:397215-1 (accessed 01 September 2021).</p>
<p>POWO [Plants of the World Online] (2022b-onward) <em>Cynosurus</em> <em>peltieri </em>Maire. Available online at http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:397215-1 (accessed 01 September 2021).</p>
<p>Quézel, P. & Santa, S. (1962) <em>Cynosurus </em>L. <em>In:</em> Quézel, P. & Santa, S.,<em> Nouvelle Flore de L’Algérie et des Régions Désertiques Méridionales</em>. Vol. 1. Eìditions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, pp. 134–135.</p>
<p>Rezaei, E., Saeidi, H. & Rahiminejad, M.R. (2011) A taxonomic revision of the genus Cynosurus L. in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 17 (2): 212–219.</p>
<p>Stafleu, F.A. & Cowan, R.S. (1983) <em>Taxonomic literature: a selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types</em>. Vol. IV: P–Sak. (2nd edn). Regnum Vegetabile 110, Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht, [I]–IX, 1214 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48631</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2022-onward) <em>Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available online at http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih (accessed 08 August 2021).</p>
<p>Trabut, L. (1895) Graminées: <em>Cynosurus</em>. <em>In:</em> Battandier, J.A. & Trabut, L., <em>Flore de l’Algérie</em>, vol. 2. A. Jourdan, Alger, pp. 190–191. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10917</p>
<p>Tsvelev, N.N. (1984) <em>Grasses of the Soviet Union</em>, part. 1. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 568 pp.</p>