Abstract
Verbascum birjandense and V. urumiense are described as new endemic species of Verbascum from eastern and northwestern Iran. It was not possible to assign the samples of these two taxa to any of the known Verbascum species in Iran and adjacent regions. Collating the morphological characters of the samples against the specialized and pertinent literature of the genus led us to propose them as new species. Both belong to section Bothrosperma, subsection Fasciculata.
These new species are morphologically close to V. erianthum and V. songaricum based on some key characteristics, but show some differences in basal leaves shape, pedicel size, the ratio of pedicel to calyx, presence of hairs inside the corolla, and the hair color of the stamen’s filaments. Distribution map and details of important characters are also presented.
References
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<p>Günther, R.T. (1899) Contributions to the geography of Lake Urmi and its neighborhood. <em>The Geographical Journal</em> 14: 504–523. https://doi.org/10.2307/1774539</p>
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<p>Huber-Morath, A. (1981) <em>Verbascum </em>L. <em>In</em>: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.) <em>Flora Iranica 147</em>. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 1–51.</p>
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<p>Mabberley, D.J. (2017) <em>Mabberley’s plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses </em>4<sup>th</sup> edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1102 pp. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316335581</p>
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<p>Noroozi, J., Talebi, A., Doostmohammadi, M., Manafzadeh, S., Asgarpour, Z. & Schneeweiss, G.M. (2019) Endemic diversity and distribution of the Iranian vascular flora across phytogeographical regions, biodiversity hotspots and areas of endemism. <em>Scientific Reports</em> 9: 12991. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49417-1</p>
<p>Parsa, A. (1952) <em>Verbascum </em>L. and <em>Celsia </em>L. <em>In: </em>Parsa, A. (Ed.)<em> Flore de l’Iran 4. </em>Danesh, Tehran, pp. 232–361.</p>
<p>Sarvar, R., Zadeh, H.M., Estelaji, A. & Ranjbar, M. (1970) Urumiyeh, a unique lake exposed to danger: challenges and sustainable approaches. <em>WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment</em> 84: 713–724.</p>
<p>Schrader, H.A. (1811) <em>Verbascum speciosum</em>. <em>Index Seminum Horti Academici Gottingensis 2</em>. Neuer Botanischer Garten der Universität Göttingen, Gottingen, p. 22, pl. 16.</p>
<p>Schrenk, A. (1841) <em>Verbascum songaricum. Enumeratio Plantarum 1</em>. Stutgardiae et Tubingae, Stuttgart, 644 pp.</p>
<p>Sharifnia, F. (2011) <em>Verbascum </em>L. <em>In</em>: Assadi, M. (ed.) <em>Flora of Iran 68</em>. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, pp. 7–74. (in Persian)</p>
<p>Sotoodeh, A., Civeyrel, L., Attar, F. & Zamani, A. (2014) <em>Verbascum oreophilum </em>var. <em>oreophilum </em>and <em>Verbascum cheiranthifolium </em>var. <em>asperulum </em>(Scrophulariaceae) two new records for the flora of Iran. <em>Phytotaxa </em>178: 205–210. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.178.3.6</p>
<p>Sotoodeh, A. (2015) <em>Histoire biogéographique et évolutive des genres Verbascum et Artemisia en Iran à l’aide de la phylogénie moléculaire</em>. Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, 193 pp.</p>
<p>Sotoodeh, A., Attar, F. & Civeyrel, L. (2015) <em>Verbascum shahsavarensis </em>(Scrophulariaceae), a new species for <em>Flora of Iran</em>. <em>Phytotaxa </em>203: 76–80. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.203.1.8</p>
<p>Sotoodeh, A., Attar, F. & Civeyrel, L. (2016) A new species of <em>Verbascum </em>L. (Scrophulariaceae) from the Gilan province (Iran), based on morphological and molecular evidences. <em>Adansonia </em>38: 127–132. https://doi.org/10.5252/a2016n1a9</p>
<p>Sotoodeh, A., Attar, F. & Civeyrel, L. (2017) <em>Verbascum songaricum </em>subsp. <em>subdecurrens</em>: a new record, typification and true identity of <em>V. aspinum </em>as a new synonym of <em>V. stachydiforme </em>in the <em>Flora of Iran</em>. <em>Kew Bulletin </em>72: 24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-017-9696-3</p>
<p>Sotoodeh, A., Attar, F., Andalo, C., Mirtadzadini, M. & Civeyrel, L. (2018) Focusing on three <em>Verbascum</em> L. taxa (Scrophulariaceae) of the Flora of Iran. <em>Adansonia</em> 40: 171–181. https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2018v40a13</p>
<p>Tahtadzhyana, A.A. (1987) <em>Verbascum</em> L. <em>In:</em> Tahtadzhyana, A.A. (ed.) <em>Flora Armenii</em> <em>8</em>. Akademii Nauk Armenyaskoi SSR, Yerevan, pp. 188–221. [In Armenian]</p>
<p>Zohary, M. (1973) <em>Geobotanical foundations of the Middle East</em>. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stutgart, 683 pp.</p>
<p>Duman, H., Uzunhisarcýklý, M.E. & Özbek, F. (2020) A new species of <em>Verbascum</em> (Scrophulariacae) from western Turkey. <em>Botany Letters</em> 167: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2020.1796782</p>
<p>Fedtschenko, B.A. (1997) <em>Verbascum </em>L. <em>In</em>: Schischkin, B.K. & Bobrow, E.G. (eds.) <em>Flora of U.S.S.R</em>. 22: 132–197.</p>
<p>Feinbrun-Dothan, N. (1978) <em>Verbascum</em> L. <em>In:</em> Zohary, M. & Feinbrun-Dothan, N. (eds.) <em>Flora Palaestina 3</em>. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, pp. 282–302.</p>
<p>Firat, M. (2017) <em>Verbascum golawanense</em> (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from Van, Turkey. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 305: 21–28. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.305.1.3</p>
<p>Grossheim, A.A. (1967) <em>Verbascum</em> L. <em>In:</em> Fedorov, A.A. (ed.) <em>Flora of the Caucasus 2<sup>nd </sup>ed. – Vol. 7. Umbelliferae – Scrophulariaceae. </em>Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad, 452–470 [in Russian]</p>
<p>Günther, R.T. (1899) Contributions to the geography of Lake Urmi and its neighborhood. <em>The Geographical Journal</em> 14: 504–523. https://doi.org/10.2307/1774539</p>
<p>Huber-Morath, A. (1978) <em>Verbascum </em>L. <em>In</em>: Davis, P.H. (ed.) <em>Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 6</em>. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, pp. 461–603.</p>
<p>Huber-Morath, A. (1981) <em>Verbascum </em>L. <em>In</em>: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.) <em>Flora Iranica 147</em>. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 1–51.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>. Salvius, Stockholm, 1200 pp.</p>
<p>Mabberley, D.J. (2017) <em>Mabberley’s plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses </em>4<sup>th</sup> edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1102 pp. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316335581</p>
<p>Manafzadeh, S., Salvo, G. & Conti, E. (2014) A tale of migrations from east to west: he Irano-Turanian floristic region as a source of Mediterranean xerophytes. <em>Journal of Biogeography</em> 41: 366–379. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12185</p>
<p>Mohammadi, T., Pirani, A., Vaezi, J. & Moazzeni, H. (2020) A contribution to ethnobotany and review of phytochemistry and biological activities of the Iranian local endemic species <em>Sclerorhachis leptoclada</em> Rech. f. <em>Ethnobotany Research and Applications</em> 20: 1–18. https://doi.org/10.32859/era.20.45.1-18</p>
<p>Mood, S.G. (2008) A contribution to some ethnobotanical aspects of Birjand flora (Iran). <em>Pakistan Journal of Botany</em> 40: 1783–1791.</p>
<p>Murbeck, S. (1933) <em>Monographie Der Gattung Verbascum</em>. Lunds Universitets Arsskrift. N. F., Lund, 630 pp.</p>
<p>Noroozi, J., Talebi, A., Doostmohammadi, M., Manafzadeh, S., Asgarpour, Z. & Schneeweiss, G.M. (2019) Endemic diversity and distribution of the Iranian vascular flora across phytogeographical regions, biodiversity hotspots and areas of endemism. <em>Scientific Reports</em> 9: 12991. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49417-1</p>
<p>Parsa, A. (1952) <em>Verbascum </em>L. and <em>Celsia </em>L. <em>In: </em>Parsa, A. (Ed.)<em> Flore de l’Iran 4. </em>Danesh, Tehran, pp. 232–361.</p>
<p>Sarvar, R., Zadeh, H.M., Estelaji, A. & Ranjbar, M. (1970) Urumiyeh, a unique lake exposed to danger: challenges and sustainable approaches. <em>WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment</em> 84: 713–724.</p>
<p>Schrader, H.A. (1811) <em>Verbascum speciosum</em>. <em>Index Seminum Horti Academici Gottingensis 2</em>. Neuer Botanischer Garten der Universität Göttingen, Gottingen, p. 22, pl. 16.</p>
<p>Schrenk, A. (1841) <em>Verbascum songaricum. Enumeratio Plantarum 1</em>. Stutgardiae et Tubingae, Stuttgart, 644 pp.</p>
<p>Sharifnia, F. (2011) <em>Verbascum </em>L. <em>In</em>: Assadi, M. (ed.) <em>Flora of Iran 68</em>. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, pp. 7–74. (in Persian)</p>
<p>Sotoodeh, A., Civeyrel, L., Attar, F. & Zamani, A. (2014) <em>Verbascum oreophilum </em>var. <em>oreophilum </em>and <em>Verbascum cheiranthifolium </em>var. <em>asperulum </em>(Scrophulariaceae) two new records for the flora of Iran. <em>Phytotaxa </em>178: 205–210. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.178.3.6</p>
<p>Sotoodeh, A. (2015) <em>Histoire biogéographique et évolutive des genres Verbascum et Artemisia en Iran à l’aide de la phylogénie moléculaire</em>. Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, 193 pp.</p>
<p>Sotoodeh, A., Attar, F. & Civeyrel, L. (2015) <em>Verbascum shahsavarensis </em>(Scrophulariaceae), a new species for <em>Flora of Iran</em>. <em>Phytotaxa </em>203: 76–80. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.203.1.8</p>
<p>Sotoodeh, A., Attar, F. & Civeyrel, L. (2016) A new species of <em>Verbascum </em>L. (Scrophulariaceae) from the Gilan province (Iran), based on morphological and molecular evidences. <em>Adansonia </em>38: 127–132. https://doi.org/10.5252/a2016n1a9</p>
<p>Sotoodeh, A., Attar, F. & Civeyrel, L. (2017) <em>Verbascum songaricum </em>subsp. <em>subdecurrens</em>: a new record, typification and true identity of <em>V. aspinum </em>as a new synonym of <em>V. stachydiforme </em>in the <em>Flora of Iran</em>. <em>Kew Bulletin </em>72: 24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-017-9696-3</p>
<p>Sotoodeh, A., Attar, F., Andalo, C., Mirtadzadini, M. & Civeyrel, L. (2018) Focusing on three <em>Verbascum</em> L. taxa (Scrophulariaceae) of the Flora of Iran. <em>Adansonia</em> 40: 171–181. https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2018v40a13</p>
<p>Tahtadzhyana, A.A. (1987) <em>Verbascum</em> L. <em>In:</em> Tahtadzhyana, A.A. (ed.) <em>Flora Armenii</em> <em>8</em>. Akademii Nauk Armenyaskoi SSR, Yerevan, pp. 188–221. [In Armenian]</p>
<p>Zohary, M. (1973) <em>Geobotanical foundations of the Middle East</em>. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stutgart, 683 pp.</p>