Abstract
A new putative natural hybrid of Cyrtopodium, C. × flavopunctatum, from sandy coastal plain vegetation, known as restinga, in the state of Santa Catarina in southern Brazil is described and illustrated. It was found growing among a population of C. flavum and is similar to that species in vegetative and overall floral morphology, but distinguished by the sepals and petals with brown spots, lateral lobes of lip and base of the central lobe orange or orange-spotted, very short isthmus (1–2 mm long), lip midlobe margins slightly verrucose and flowers slightly citrusy-scented. In the color of the flowers, it is intermediate between C. flavum, with completely yellow flowers, and C. gigas or C. palmifrons, epiphytic species with profusely dotted flowers that occur in the same region and bloom at the same time as C. flavum. Additional studies with genetic data are needed to confirm the possible hybrid origin and the identity of the second parental species.
References
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Romero-González, G.A., Batista, J.A.N. & Bianchetti, L.B. (2008) A Synopsis of the genus Cyrtopodium (Catasetinae: Orchidaceae). Harvard Papers in Botany 13: 189–206. https://doi.org/10.3100/1043-4534(2008)13[189:ASOTGC]2.0.CO;2
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Simpson, M.G. (2006) Plant systematics. Elsevier, Burlington, 590 pp.
Stearn, W.T. (1992) Botanical Latin. 4<sup>o</sup> ed. Timber Press, Portland, 546 pp.
Swartz, O.P. (1799) Cymbidium. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis 6: 70.
Thiers, B. (2021 [continuously updated]) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 24 June 2021)
van der Pijl, L. & Dodson, C.H. (1966) Orchid Flowers: Their Pollination and Evolution. University of Miami Press, Coral Gables, 214 pp.
Vellozo, J.M.C. (1831) Flora Fluminensis, Icones 9. Officina lithographica A. Senefelder, Paris, 128 pp.
Batista, J.A.N. & Bianchetti, L.B. (2005) Two new taxa in Cyrtopodium (Orchidaceae) from southern Brazil. Darwiniana 43: 74–83.
Batista, J.A.N. & Bianchetti, L.B. (2020) Cyrtopodium. In: Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB11444 (accessed 19 June 2021)
Blume, C.L. (1825) Grammatophyllum. Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië 8: 377. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.115427
Brade, A.C. (1939) Orchidaceae Novae Brasiliensis IV. Arquivos do Serviço Florestal 1: 41–46.
Brongniart, A.T. (1834) Phanerogamie. In: Duperrey, L.I. (Ed.) Voyage Autour du Monde, v. 3. Arthus Bertrand, Paris, pp. 196.
Brown, R. (1813) Cyrtopodium. In: Aiton, W.T. (Ed.) Hortus Kewensis; or, a Catalogue of the Plants Cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew, ed. 2, v. 5. Paternoster Row, London, pp. 216.
Candolle, A.P. (1828) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 3. Treuttel & Würtz, Paris, 494 pp.
CRIA (2021) speciesLink. Centro de Referência e Informação Ambiental, Campinas. Available from: http://www.splink.org.br (accessed 24 June 2021)
Dutra, D., Kane, M.E., Adams, C.R. & Richardson, L. (2009) Reproductive biology of Cyrtopodium punctatum in situ: implications for conservation of an endangered Florida orchid. Plant species biology 24: 92–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.2009.00242.x
Govaerts, R., Bernet, P., Kratochvil, K., Gerlach, G., Carr, G., Alrich, P., Pridgeon, A.M., Pfahl, J., Campacci, M.A., Holland Baptista, D., Tigges, H., Shaw, J., Cribb, P., George, A., Kreuz, K. & Wood, J. (2021) World checklist of Orchidaceae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/ (accessed 24 June 2021).
Hoehne, F.C. (1912) Orchidaceae. In: Hoehne, F.C. (Ed.) Commissão de Linhas Telegraphicas Estrategicas de Matto-Grosso ao Amazonas, Botanica 5 (4). Papelaria Macedo, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 1–33.
Hoehne, F.C. (1942) Orchidaceas. Cyrtopodium. In: Hoehne, F.C. (Ed.) Flora Brasilica 12 (6). Secretaria da Agricultura, Indústria e Comércio de São Paulo, São Paulo, pp. 8–35.
Jussieu, A.H.L. (1833) Malpighiaceae. In: Saint-Hilaire, A., Jussieu, A. & Cambessedes, J. (Eds.) Flora Brasiliae Meridionalis (quarto ed.) 3. Belin, Paris, pp. 5–86.
Klotzsch, J.F. (1846) Ueber die Arten der Gattung Vanilla. Botanische Zeitung (Berlin) 4: 561–567.
Lindley, J. (1833) The Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants. Tribe II. Vandeae. Ridgways, London, pp. 135–255.
Lindley, J. (1843) Promenaea. Edwards’s Botanical Register 29: 13.
Lindley, J. (1844) Ansellia. Edwards’s Botanical Register 30: 12.
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Tomus II. Laurenti Salvi, Holmiae [Stockholm], pp. 561–1200.
Linnaeus, C. (1759) Systema Naturae. Edito Decima. Tomus II. Laurenti Salvi, Holmiae [Stockholm], pp. 825–1384.
Liu, H. & Pemberton, R. (2010) Pollination of an invasive orchid, Cyrtopodium polyphyllum (Orchidaceae), by an invasive oilcollecting bee, Centris nitida, in southern Florida. Botany 88: 290–295. https://doi.org/10.1139/B10-017
Luer, C.A. (1972) The native orchids of Florida. New York Botanical Garden, New York, 293 pp.
Maciel, A.A., Cardoso, J.C.F. & Oliveira, P.E. (2020) On the low reproductive success of two Cyrtopodium species (Orchidaceae: Cyrtopodiinae): The relative roles of biotic and abiotic pollination. Plant Species Biology 35: 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12260
Martius, C.F.P. (1837) Herbarium Florae brasiliensis. Flora 20: 1–128.
Nees von Esenbeck, C.G.D. (1832) Tylochilus flavus: eine neue Brasilische orchidee. Verhandlungen des Vereins zur Befo?rderung des Gartenbaues in den Ko?niglich Preussischen Staaten 8: 191–197.
Pabst, G.F.J. (1978) Additamenta ad Orchodeologiam Brasiliensem – XXVII. Bradea 2: 273–274.
Pansarin, L.M., Pansarin, E.R. & Sazima, M. (2008) Reproductive biology of Cyrtopodium polyphyllum (Orchidaceae): a Cyrtopodiinae pollinated by deceit. Plant Biology 10: 650–659. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00060.x
Pemberton, R. & Liu, H. (2008) Potential of invasive and native solitary specialist bee pollinators to help restore the rare cowhorn orchid (Cyrtopodium punctatum) in Florida. Biological Conservation 141: 1758–1764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.04.016
Pinheiro, F. & Barros, F. (2006) Epidendrum puniceoluteum, uma nova espécie de Orchidaceae do litoral brasileiro. Hoehnea 33: 247–250.
Possamai, T., Vieira, C.V., Oliveira, F.A. & Horn Filho, N.O. (2010) Geologia costeira da Ilha de São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina. Revista de Geografia 6: 90–110.
Raddi, G. (1823) Descrizione d’ una nuova orchidea Brasiliana. Memorie di Matematica e di Fisica della Società Italiana delle Scienze Residente in Modena, Parte contenente le Memorie di Fisica 19: 219–222.
Reflora—Herbário Virtual (2021) Consulta Pública do Herbário Virtual. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/herbarioVirtual/ (accessed 24 June 2021)
Reichenbach, H.G.L. (1830) Iconographia botanica exotica, v. 3. F. Hofmeister, Lipsiae [Leipzig], 250 pp.
Reichenbach f., H.G. (1881) VII: Novitiae Orchidaceae Warmingianae. Otia Botanica Hamburgensia 2: 48–65.
RHS (2021) Orchid hybrid registration. Royal Horticultural Society, London U.K. Available from: https://apps.rhs.org.uk/horticulturaldatabase/orchidregister/orchidregister.asp (accessed 23 July 2021).
Romero-González, G.A., Batista, J.A.N. & Bianchetti, L.B. (2008) A Synopsis of the genus Cyrtopodium (Catasetinae: Orchidaceae). Harvard Papers in Botany 13: 189–206. https://doi.org/10.3100/1043-4534(2008)13[189:ASOTGC]2.0.CO;2
Romero-González, G.A., Batista, J.A.N. & Bianchetti, L.B. (2009) Cyrtopodium. In: Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.W. & Rasmussen, F.N. (Eds.) Genera Orchidacearum, Epidendroideae, part 2, v. 5. Oxford University Press Inc, New York, pp. 82–87.
Simpson, M.G. (2006) Plant systematics. Elsevier, Burlington, 590 pp.
Stearn, W.T. (1992) Botanical Latin. 4<sup>o</sup> ed. Timber Press, Portland, 546 pp.
Swartz, O.P. (1799) Cymbidium. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis 6: 70.
Thiers, B. (2021 [continuously updated]) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 24 June 2021)
van der Pijl, L. & Dodson, C.H. (1966) Orchid Flowers: Their Pollination and Evolution. University of Miami Press, Coral Gables, 214 pp.
Vellozo, J.M.C. (1831) Flora Fluminensis, Icones 9. Officina lithographica A. Senefelder, Paris, 128 pp.