Abstract
Herein, we present Tovomita manauara A. Nobre & L. Marinho, a new species of Clusiaceae that is presumably endemic to the Amazonas state, in Brazil. The new species was initially identified as T. caloneura A.C. Sm., which is a morphologically similar and sympatric species. Although the species was based only on vegetative and fruit morphological characteristics, Tovomita manauara can be recognized by the large number of secondary veins (25–36 pairs vs. up to 26 pairs in T. caloneura) and 4-septate, turbinate to napiform fruits (vs. 5-septate and fusiform in T. caloneura). In addition to macromorphology, anatomical characters, such as the secretory canals larger, presence of collenchyma in the petiole, and the absence of druses in the midvein are also helpful for the identification of T. manauara.
References
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Smith, A.C. (1939) Notes on a collection of plants from British Guiana. Lloydia 2: 161–218.
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Cuello, N.L. (1999) Two new distinctively large-leaved species of Tovomita (Clusiaceae) from the Venezuelan and Peruvian Amazon region. Novon 9: 150–152. https://doi.org/10.2307/3391790
Cuello, N.L. (2003) A new species of Tovomita (Clusiaceae) from Amazonian Venezuela and Peru. Novon 13: 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3393562
Demarchi, L.O., Piedade, M.T.F. & Marinho, L.C. (2021) Tovomita cornuta (Clusiaceae): a new and threatened species from the Amazonian campinaranas revealed by ecological field research. Acta Botanica Brasilica 35 (4): 554–561. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062020abb0483
Ellis, B., Daly, D., Hickey, L.J., Johnson, K.R., Mitchell, J., Wilf, P. & Wing, S.L. (2009) Manual of Leaf Architecture. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 190 pp.
Engel, J., Molino, J.-F. & Marinho, L.C. (in press) The maximum and the minimum: two new species of Tovomita (Clusiaceae) from the Guyana Shield with an unusual number of stamens. Adansonia.
Engels, M.E. & Marinho, L.C. (2018) Nomenclatural and morphological novelties in Tovomita laurina (Clusiaceae). Phytotaxa 334: 91–96. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.334.1.16
Esteves, B. (2007) Com os dias contados? Ciência Hoje On-line. Available from: https://cienciahoje.org.br/com-os-dias-contados/ (accessed 17 October 2021)
Hopkins, M.J.G. (2019) Are we close to knowing the plant diversity of the Amazon? Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 91: e20190396. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201920190396
Johansen, D.A. (1940) Plant microtechnique. McGraw-Hill Book, New York, 503 pp.
Kraus, J.E. & Arduin, M. (1997) Manual básico de métodos em morfologia vegetal. Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 198 pp.
Laurance, W.F. & Luizão, R.C.C. (2007) Driving a wedge into the Amazon. Nature 448: 409–410. https://doi.org/10.1038/448409a
Marinho, L.C. (2018) Two new species of Tovomita (Clusiaceae) from Amazonian forest. Brittonia 70: 405–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-018-9536-2
Marinho, L.C. & Beech, E. (2019) The Red List of Tovomita. Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, 27 pp.
Marinho, L.C., Fiaschi, P. & Amorim, A.M. (2019) A gold mine: four more new species of Tovomita (Clusiaceae: Clusieae) from Amazonia. Willdenowia 49: 343–350. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.49.49305
Marinho, L.C., Fiaschi, P., Gahagen, B., Santos, F.A.R. & Amorim, A.M. (2016a) Tovomita (Clusiaceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: taxonomy and utility of leaf venation characters at the species level. Systematic Botany 41: 758–774. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416X692406
Marinho, L.C., Fiaschi, P., Santos, F.A.R. & Amorim, A.M. (2016b) Three new species of Tovomita (Clusiaceae) from the Amazon River basin and first record of papillae for Tovomita. Plant Systematics and Evolution 302: 1121–1134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-016-1321-7
Marinho, L.C., Fiaschi, P., Fernandes, M.F., Cai, L., Duan, X., Amorim, A.M. & Davis, C.C. (2021) Phylogenetic relationships of Tovomita (Clusiaceae): carpel number and geographic distribution speak louder than venation pattern. Systematic Botany 46: 102–108. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364421X16128061189549
Oliveira, A.A. & Mori, S.A. (1999) A central Amazonian terra firme forest. High tree species richness on poor soils. Biodiversity and Conservation 8: 1219–1244. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008908615271
Planchon, J.É. & Triana, J.J. (1860) Mémoire sur la Famille des Guttifères. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique 4: 226–367. [Victor Massonet Fils, Paris]
Radford, A.E., Dickison, W.C., Massey, J.R. & Bell, C.R. (1974) Vascular Plant Systematics. Harper & Row Publishers, New York, 891 pp.
Ribeiro, J.E.L.S., Hopkins, M.J.G., Vicentini, A., Sothers, C.A., Costa, M.A.S., Brito, J.M., Souza, M.A.D., Martins, L.H., Lohmann, L.G., Assunção, P.A., Pereira, E.C., Silva, C.F., Mesquita, M.R. & Procópio, L.C. (1999) Flora da Reserva Ducke. Guia de identificação das plantas vasculares de uma floresta de terra firme na Amazônia Central. INPA-DFID, Manaus, 800 pp.
Smith, A.C. (1939) Notes on a collection of plants from British Guiana. Lloydia 2: 161–218.
Smith, A.C. (1940) A Collection of Flowering Plants from Mount Roraima and Adjacent Venezuela, British Guiana, and Brazil. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 67: 283–299. https://doi.org/10.2307/2481175
Smith, F.H. & Smith, E.C. (1942) Anatomy of the inferior ovary of Darbya. American Journal of Botany 29: 464–471. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1942.tb10236.x
Thiers, B. (2022 [continuously updated]) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 10 January 2022)
Vesque, J. (1892) Ephamorsis, sive, Materiae ad instruendam Anatomia Systematis Naturalis. Vincennes: Delapierre, 420 pp.
Vesque, J. (1893) Guttiferae. In: De Candolle, A. & De Candolle, C. (eds.) Monographiæ Phanerogamarum 8. Sumptibus G. Masson, Paris, 669 pp.