Abstract
We summarize the knowledge on taxonomy and distribution of the genus Parnassia in Vietnam. Two species of the genus are found in Vietnam. We report additional records of P. wightiana, which appears to inhabit the provinces Ha Giang and Yen Bai. We provide detailed morphological description of the Vietnamese populations of this species, and discuss their deviation from the known variation range of P. wightiana. We report for the first time the second species of Parnassia from Vietnam, and provisionally identify it as P. procul. Our discovery of this species in Lam Dong Province in southern Vietnam is the first record of the genus outside the northern highlands within the country. We illustrate both Vietnamese species of Parnassia with analytical photographs, and show their distribution on a map. Additionally, we present an updated checklist of the family Celastraceae in Vietnam, which reflects the most recent views on taxonomic boundaries of the family and its genera, and includes discoveries of the last years as well as some earlier reports absent in the previous works. In total, 17 genera and 93 species are accepted in the checklist.
References
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<p>Grierson, A.J.C. (1987) Parnassiaceae. <em>In</em>: Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. (Eds.) <em>Flora of Bhutan</em>. Vol. 1, part 3. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, pp. 515–517.</p>
<p>Griffith, W. (1843) On some remarkable plants in the H. C. Botanic Gardens, Calcutta. <em>Calcutta Journal of Natural History</em> 4: 231–256.</p>
<p>Gu, C.Z. [Ku, T.C.] (1987) A revision of the genus <em>Parnassia</em> (Saxifragaceae) in China. <em>Bulletin of Botanical Research Harbin</em> 7: 1‒61. [in Chinese]</p>
<p>Gu, C.Z. & Hultgård, U.M. (2001) <em>Parnassia</em>. <em>In</em>: Wu, Z.Y. & Raven, P.H. (Eds.) <em>Flora of China</em>, vol. 8. Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 358‒379.</p>
<p>Hai, D.V., Quang, B.H., Bach, T.T., Binh, T.D., Choudhary, R.K. & Lee, J. (2021) <em>Tripterygium wilfordii</em> (Celastraceae): A new generic and species record for the flora of Vietnam. <em>Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy</em> 51 (3): 319‒325. https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2021.51.3.319</p>
<p>Heywood, V.H., Brummitt, R.K., Culham, A. & Seberg, O. (2007) <em>Flowering plant families of the World</em>. Firefly Books, New York, 424 pp.</p>
<p>Hoang, V.S. (2008) <em>Glyptopetalum sclerocarpum</em> (Kurz) M.A Lawson (Celastraceae), a new record for flora of Vietnam. <em>Vietnamese Journal of Forest Science</em> 3: 683‒686. [In Vietnamese]</p>
<p>Hooker, J.D. & Thomson, T. (1858) Praecursores ad floram Indicam. <em>Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Botany</em> 5 (19): 128‒156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1861.tb01344.x</p>
<p>Hou, D. (1955) A revision of the genus <em>Celastrus</em>. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 42 (3): 215‒302. https://doi.org/10.2307/2394657</p>
<p>Kurz, S. (1872) New Barmese plants. <em>The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal</em> 41 (2): 291–318.</p>
<p>Lawson, M.A. (1875) Ordo XLI. Celastrineae. <em>In</em>: Hooker, J.D. (Ed.) <em>Flora of British India</em>. Vol. 1 (3). L. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 606–629.</p>
<p>Liesner, R. (1995) <em>Field techniques used by Missouri Botanical Garden</em>. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. Available from: http://www.mobot.org/ (accessed 15 June 2021)</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum</em> 1. Imprensis Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 560 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669</p>
<p>Ma, J.S. (2001) A revision of <em>Euonymus</em> (Celastraceae). <em>Thaiszia</em> 11: 1‒264.</p>
<p>Ma, Y., Zhou, H. & Shu, Y. (2020) Taxonomic note on <em>Parnassia</em> (Celastraceae): the identity of <em>P. nubicola</em>. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 154: 103–109. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.154.54042</p>
<p>Maden, K. (2004) Plant collection and herbarium techniques. <em>Our Nature</em> 2 (1): 53–57. https://doi.org/10.3126/on.v2i1.327</p>
<p>Matthews, M.L. & Endress, P.K. (2005) Comparative floral structure and systematics in Celastrales (Celastraceae, Parnassiaceae, Lepidobotryaceae). <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 149 (2): 129–194. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2005.00445.x</p>
<p>Merrill, E.D. (1938) New or noteworthy Indo-Chinese plants. <em>Journal of the Arnold Arboretum</em> 19 (1): 21–70.</p>
<p>Merrill, E.D. & Freeman, F.L. (1940) The Old World species of the Celastraceous genus <em>Microtropis</em> Wallich. <em>Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences</em> 73: 271–310. https://doi.org/10.2307/25130189</p>
<p>Nghiem, D.T., Tran, V.O. & Nguyen, V.H. (2017) Research on morphological characteristics and redefinition of the scientific name of the medicinal plant “Tõ mành”. <em>Journal of Research Pharmacy and Drug Information</em> 8 (1): 26–29. [In Vietnamese]</p>
<p>Nguyen, T.B. (2003a) Celastraceae. <em>In</em>: Nguyen, T.B. (Ed.) <em>Checklist of plant species of Vietnam</em>, vol. 2. Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi, pp. 1120–1133. [In Vietnamese]</p>
<p>Nguyen, T.B. (2003b) Siphonodontaceae. <em>In</em>: Nguyen, T.B. (Ed.) <em>Checklist of plant species of Vietnam</em>, vol. 2. Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi, pp. 1133–1134. [In Vietnamese]</p>
<p>Pan, J.T. (1985) New taxa of the genus <em>Parnassia</em> from China. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</em> 23 (3): 220–224.</p>
<p>Pham, H.H. (2003) <em>Cay co Viet Nam: An illustrated flora of Vietnam, </em>vol. 2. Tre Publishing House, Ho Chi Minh, 951 pp. [In Vietnamese]</p>
<p>Pitard, C.J. (1912a) Célastracées. <em>In</em>: Lecomte, H. (Ed.) <em>Flore générale de l’Indo-Chine,</em> t.1. Masson et Cie, Paris, pp. 863–894.</p>
<p>Pitard, C.J. (1912b) Hippocratéacées. <em>In</em>: Lecomte, H. (Ed.) <em>Flore générale de l’Indo-Chine,</em> t.1. Masson et Cie, Paris, pp. 895–907.</p>
<p>Ren, M. & Bu, Z. (2014) Is there anther-anther interference within a flower? Evidences from one-by-one stamen movement in an insect-pollinated plant. <em>PLOS One</em> 9 (1): e86581. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086581</p>
<p>Sandvik, S.M. & Totland, Ø. (2003) Quantitative importance of staminodes for female reproductive success in <em>Parnassia palustris</em> under contrasting environmental conditions. <em>Canadian Journal of Botany</em> 81 (1): 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1139/b03-006</p>
<p>Savinov, I.A. (2014) Taxonomic revision of Asian genus <em>Glyptopetalum</em> Thwaites (Celastraceae R. Br.). <em>Reinwardtia</em> 14 (1): 183–192. https://doi.org/10.14203/reinwardtia.v14i1.415</p>
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