Abstract
An ascomycete collected from wood submerged in Qaroun Lake, El-Faiyum governorate, Egypt, is described as a new genus in the family Halosphaeriaceae. Multigene analyses based on LSU, SSU and ITS rDNA placed the new fungus as a distinct branch within the family. The new genus is characterized by its yellow to orange-brown ascomata, thin-walled, semi-persistent asci, hyaline to yellow-orange, thick-walled, distoseptate ascospores with one polar appendage that is amorphous in structure, large in size and irregular in shape.
References
<p>Abdel-Aziz, F.A. (2008) Diversity of aquatic fungi on <em>Phragmites australis</em> at Lake Manzala, Egypt. <em>Sydowia</em> 60: 1–14.</p>
<p>Abdel-Aziz, F.A. (2010) Marine fungi from two sandy Mediterranean beaches on the Egyptian north coast. <em>Botanica Marina </em>53: 283–289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/BOT.2010.023</p>
<p>Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Jones, E.B.G. & Bahkali, A.H. (2020) Marine fungi recorded from <em>Avicennia marina</em> (Forsk.) Vierh. and their secondary product potential. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 111: 357–390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2020/0600</p>
<p>Abdel-Wahab, M.A. & Nagahama, T. (2012) <em>Halosarpheia japonica</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> (Halosphaeriales, Ascomycota) from marine habitats in Japan. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 11: 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-010-0731-0</p>
<p>Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Nagahama, T. & Abdel-Aziz, F.A. (2009) Two new <em>Corollospora </em>species and one new anamorph based on morphological and molecular data. <em>Mycoscience </em>50: 147–155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S10267-008-0466-9</p>
<p>Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Pang, K.L., Nagahama, T., Abdel-Aziz, F.A. & Jones, E.B.G. (2010) Phylogenetic evaluation of anamorphic species of<em> Cirrenalia</em> and<em> Cumulospora</em> with the description of eight new genera and four new species. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 9: 537–558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-010-0661-x</p>
<p>Abdel-Wahab, M.A., El-Sharouny, H.M. & Jones, E.B.G. (2001a) Two new intertidal lignicolous<em> Swampomyces</em> species from Red Sea mangroves in Egypt. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 8: 35–40.</p>
<p>Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Pang, K.L., El-Sharouny, H.M. & Jones, E.B.G. (2001b) <em>Halosarpheia unicellularis</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> (Halosphaeriales, Ascomycota) based on morphological and molecular evidence. <em>Mycoscience</em> 42: 255–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02463916</p>
<p>Ball, J. (1939) <em>A Contribution to the Geography of Egypt</em>. Survey and Mines Department, Cairo, 339 pp.</p>
<p>Bunyard, B.A., Nicholson, M.S. & Royde, D.J. (1994) A systematic assessment of <em>Morchella </em>using RFLP analysis of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene. <em>Mycologia </em>86: 762–772. https://doi.org/10.2307/3760589</p>
<p>Devadatha, B., Jones, E.B.G., Pang, K.L., Abdel‑Wahab, M.A., Hyde, K.D., Sakayaroj, J., Bahkali, A.H., Calabon, M.S., Sarma, V.V., Sutreong, S. & Zhang, S.N. (2021) Occurrence and geographical distribution of mangrove fungi. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 106: 137–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00468-0</p>
<p>Dupont, J., Magnin, S., Rousseau, F., Zbinden, M., Frebourg, G., Samadi, S., Richer de Forges, B. & Jones, E.B.G. (2009) Molecular and ultrastructural characterization of two ascomycetes found on sunken wood off Vanuatu Islands in the deep Pacific Ocean. <em>Mycological Research</em> 113: 1351–1364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2009.08.015</p>
<p>El-Sharouny, H.M., Gherbawy, Y.A.M.H. & Abdel-Aziz, F.A. (2009) Fungal diversity in brackish and saline lakes in Egypt. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 89: 437–450. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2009/0089-0437</p>
<p>Goher, M.E., El-Rouby, W.M.A., El-Dek, S.I., El-Sayed, S.M. & Noaemy, S.G. (2018) Water quality assessment of Qarun Lake and heavy metals decontamination from its drains using nanocomposites. <em>IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering</em> 464: 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/464/1/012003</p>
<p>Jones, E.B.G., Ju, W.T., Lu, C.L., Guo, S.Y. & Pang, K.L. (2017) The Halosphaeriaceae revisited. <em>Botanica Marina</em> 60: 453–468. https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2016-0113</p>
<p>Jones, E.B.G., Pang, K.L., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Scholz, B., Hyde, K.D., Boekhout, T., Ebel, R., Rateb, M.E., Henderson, L., Sakayaroj, J., Suetrong, S., Dayarathne, M.C., Kumar, V., Raghukumar, S., Sridhar, K.R., Bahkali, A.H., Gleason, F. & Norphanphoun, C. (2019) An online resource for marine fungi. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 96: 347–433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00426-5</p>
<p>Jones, E.B.G., Suetrong, S., Cheng, W.H., Rungjindamai, N., Sakayaroj, J., Boonyuen, N., Somrothipol, S., Abdel-Wahab, M.A. & Pang, K.L. (2014) An additional fungal lineage in the Hypocreomycetidae (<em>Falcocladium</em> species) and the taxonomic re-evaluation of <em>Chaetosphaeria chaetosa</em> and <em>Swampomyces</em> species, based on morphology, ecology and phylogeny. <em>Cryptogamie Mycologie</em> 35: 119–138. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym.v35.iss2.2014.119</p>
<p>Jones, E.B.G., Vrijmoed, L.L.P., Read, S.J. & Moss, S.T. (1994) <em>Tirispora, </em>a new ascomycetous genus in the Halosphaeriales. <em>Canadian Journal of Botany</em> 72: 1373–1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-168</p>
<p>Kohlmeyer, J. & Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B. (1989) Hawaiian marine fungi, including two new genera of Ascomycotina. <em>Mycological Research </em>92<em>: </em>470–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-168</p>
<p>Kohlmeyer, J. (1972) A revision of Halosphaeriaceae. <em>Canadian Journal of Botany</em> 50: 1951–1963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b72-249</p>
<p>Kohlmeyer, J. & Kohlmeyer, E. (1979) <em>Marine mycology. The higher fungi</em>. Academic Press, New York. 690 pp.</p>
<p>Kohlmeyer, J. & Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B. (1988) <em>Ophiodeira gen. nov.</em> (Halosphaeriales) and a survey of higher marine fungi from Saint Croix (Virgin Islands). <em>Canadian Journal of Botany</em> 66: 2062–2067<em>.</em> https://doi.org/10.1139/b88-282</p>
<p>Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. (2018) MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 35: 1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096</p>
<p>Meshal, A.H. (1977) The problem of salinity increase in Lake Qarun (Egypt) and a proposed solution. <em>ICES Journal of Marine Science</em> 37: 137–143. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/37.2.137</p>
<p>Müller, E. & von Arx, J.A. (1962) Die Gattungen der didymosporen Pyrenomyceten. <em>Beiträge zur Kryptogamenflora der Schweiz</em> 11: 783–795.</p>
<p>Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala.</p>
<p>Pang, K.L., Jones, E.B.G., Vrijmoed, L.L.P. & Sabaratnam, V. (2004) <em>Okeanomyces</em>, a new genus to accommodate <em>Halosphaeria cucullata</em> (Halosphaeriales, Ascomycota). <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 146: 223–229. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00314.x</p>
<p>Perrière, G. & Gouy, M. (1996) WWW-Query: An on-line retrieval system for biological sequence banks. <em>Biochimie</em> 78: 364–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9084(96)84768-7</p>
<p>Réblová, M., Miller, A.N., Rossman, A.Y., Seifert, K.A., Crous, P.W., Hawksworth, D.L., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Cannon, P.F., Daranagama, D.A., De Beer, Z.W., Huang, S.K., Hyde, K.D., Jayawardena, R., Jaklitsch, W., Jones, E.B.G., Ju, Y.M., Judith, C., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Pang, K.L., Petrini, L.E., Raja, H.A., Romero, A.I., Shearer, C., Senanayake, I.C., Voglmayr, H., Weir, B.S., Wijayawarden, N.N. (2016) Recommendations for competing sexual-asexually typified generic names in Sordariomycetes (except Diaporthales, Hypocreales, and Magnaporthales). <em>IMA Fungus</em> 7: 131–153. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.01.08</p>
<p>Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A., Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: Efficient bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 61: 539–42. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</p>
<p>Shearer, C.A. & Crane, J.L. (1980) Fungi of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries VIII. Ascomycetes with unfurling appendages. <em>Botanica Marina</em> 23: 607–615.</p>
<p>Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods). Version 4. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.</p>
<p>Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D.G. (1997) The ClustalX windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. <em>Nucleic Acids Research </em>25: 4876–4882. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T.D., Lee, S.B. & Taylor, J.W. (1990) Analysis of phylogenetic relationships by amplification and direct sequencing of ribosomal DNA genes. <em>In</em>: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) <em>PCR protocols: a guide to methods and</em> <em>applications</em>. Academic, San Diego, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Abdel-Aziz, F.A. (2010) Marine fungi from two sandy Mediterranean beaches on the Egyptian north coast. <em>Botanica Marina </em>53: 283–289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/BOT.2010.023</p>
<p>Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Jones, E.B.G. & Bahkali, A.H. (2020) Marine fungi recorded from <em>Avicennia marina</em> (Forsk.) Vierh. and their secondary product potential. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 111: 357–390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2020/0600</p>
<p>Abdel-Wahab, M.A. & Nagahama, T. (2012) <em>Halosarpheia japonica</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> (Halosphaeriales, Ascomycota) from marine habitats in Japan. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 11: 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-010-0731-0</p>
<p>Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Nagahama, T. & Abdel-Aziz, F.A. (2009) Two new <em>Corollospora </em>species and one new anamorph based on morphological and molecular data. <em>Mycoscience </em>50: 147–155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S10267-008-0466-9</p>
<p>Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Pang, K.L., Nagahama, T., Abdel-Aziz, F.A. & Jones, E.B.G. (2010) Phylogenetic evaluation of anamorphic species of<em> Cirrenalia</em> and<em> Cumulospora</em> with the description of eight new genera and four new species. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 9: 537–558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-010-0661-x</p>
<p>Abdel-Wahab, M.A., El-Sharouny, H.M. & Jones, E.B.G. (2001a) Two new intertidal lignicolous<em> Swampomyces</em> species from Red Sea mangroves in Egypt. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 8: 35–40.</p>
<p>Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Pang, K.L., El-Sharouny, H.M. & Jones, E.B.G. (2001b) <em>Halosarpheia unicellularis</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> (Halosphaeriales, Ascomycota) based on morphological and molecular evidence. <em>Mycoscience</em> 42: 255–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02463916</p>
<p>Ball, J. (1939) <em>A Contribution to the Geography of Egypt</em>. Survey and Mines Department, Cairo, 339 pp.</p>
<p>Bunyard, B.A., Nicholson, M.S. & Royde, D.J. (1994) A systematic assessment of <em>Morchella </em>using RFLP analysis of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene. <em>Mycologia </em>86: 762–772. https://doi.org/10.2307/3760589</p>
<p>Devadatha, B., Jones, E.B.G., Pang, K.L., Abdel‑Wahab, M.A., Hyde, K.D., Sakayaroj, J., Bahkali, A.H., Calabon, M.S., Sarma, V.V., Sutreong, S. & Zhang, S.N. (2021) Occurrence and geographical distribution of mangrove fungi. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 106: 137–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00468-0</p>
<p>Dupont, J., Magnin, S., Rousseau, F., Zbinden, M., Frebourg, G., Samadi, S., Richer de Forges, B. & Jones, E.B.G. (2009) Molecular and ultrastructural characterization of two ascomycetes found on sunken wood off Vanuatu Islands in the deep Pacific Ocean. <em>Mycological Research</em> 113: 1351–1364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2009.08.015</p>
<p>El-Sharouny, H.M., Gherbawy, Y.A.M.H. & Abdel-Aziz, F.A. (2009) Fungal diversity in brackish and saline lakes in Egypt. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 89: 437–450. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2009/0089-0437</p>
<p>Goher, M.E., El-Rouby, W.M.A., El-Dek, S.I., El-Sayed, S.M. & Noaemy, S.G. (2018) Water quality assessment of Qarun Lake and heavy metals decontamination from its drains using nanocomposites. <em>IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering</em> 464: 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/464/1/012003</p>
<p>Jones, E.B.G., Ju, W.T., Lu, C.L., Guo, S.Y. & Pang, K.L. (2017) The Halosphaeriaceae revisited. <em>Botanica Marina</em> 60: 453–468. https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2016-0113</p>
<p>Jones, E.B.G., Pang, K.L., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Scholz, B., Hyde, K.D., Boekhout, T., Ebel, R., Rateb, M.E., Henderson, L., Sakayaroj, J., Suetrong, S., Dayarathne, M.C., Kumar, V., Raghukumar, S., Sridhar, K.R., Bahkali, A.H., Gleason, F. & Norphanphoun, C. (2019) An online resource for marine fungi. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 96: 347–433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00426-5</p>
<p>Jones, E.B.G., Suetrong, S., Cheng, W.H., Rungjindamai, N., Sakayaroj, J., Boonyuen, N., Somrothipol, S., Abdel-Wahab, M.A. & Pang, K.L. (2014) An additional fungal lineage in the Hypocreomycetidae (<em>Falcocladium</em> species) and the taxonomic re-evaluation of <em>Chaetosphaeria chaetosa</em> and <em>Swampomyces</em> species, based on morphology, ecology and phylogeny. <em>Cryptogamie Mycologie</em> 35: 119–138. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym.v35.iss2.2014.119</p>
<p>Jones, E.B.G., Vrijmoed, L.L.P., Read, S.J. & Moss, S.T. (1994) <em>Tirispora, </em>a new ascomycetous genus in the Halosphaeriales. <em>Canadian Journal of Botany</em> 72: 1373–1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-168</p>
<p>Kohlmeyer, J. & Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B. (1989) Hawaiian marine fungi, including two new genera of Ascomycotina. <em>Mycological Research </em>92<em>: </em>470–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-168</p>
<p>Kohlmeyer, J. (1972) A revision of Halosphaeriaceae. <em>Canadian Journal of Botany</em> 50: 1951–1963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b72-249</p>
<p>Kohlmeyer, J. & Kohlmeyer, E. (1979) <em>Marine mycology. The higher fungi</em>. Academic Press, New York. 690 pp.</p>
<p>Kohlmeyer, J. & Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B. (1988) <em>Ophiodeira gen. nov.</em> (Halosphaeriales) and a survey of higher marine fungi from Saint Croix (Virgin Islands). <em>Canadian Journal of Botany</em> 66: 2062–2067<em>.</em> https://doi.org/10.1139/b88-282</p>
<p>Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. (2018) MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 35: 1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096</p>
<p>Meshal, A.H. (1977) The problem of salinity increase in Lake Qarun (Egypt) and a proposed solution. <em>ICES Journal of Marine Science</em> 37: 137–143. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/37.2.137</p>
<p>Müller, E. & von Arx, J.A. (1962) Die Gattungen der didymosporen Pyrenomyceten. <em>Beiträge zur Kryptogamenflora der Schweiz</em> 11: 783–795.</p>
<p>Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala.</p>
<p>Pang, K.L., Jones, E.B.G., Vrijmoed, L.L.P. & Sabaratnam, V. (2004) <em>Okeanomyces</em>, a new genus to accommodate <em>Halosphaeria cucullata</em> (Halosphaeriales, Ascomycota). <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 146: 223–229. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00314.x</p>
<p>Perrière, G. & Gouy, M. (1996) WWW-Query: An on-line retrieval system for biological sequence banks. <em>Biochimie</em> 78: 364–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9084(96)84768-7</p>
<p>Réblová, M., Miller, A.N., Rossman, A.Y., Seifert, K.A., Crous, P.W., Hawksworth, D.L., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Cannon, P.F., Daranagama, D.A., De Beer, Z.W., Huang, S.K., Hyde, K.D., Jayawardena, R., Jaklitsch, W., Jones, E.B.G., Ju, Y.M., Judith, C., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Pang, K.L., Petrini, L.E., Raja, H.A., Romero, A.I., Shearer, C., Senanayake, I.C., Voglmayr, H., Weir, B.S., Wijayawarden, N.N. (2016) Recommendations for competing sexual-asexually typified generic names in Sordariomycetes (except Diaporthales, Hypocreales, and Magnaporthales). <em>IMA Fungus</em> 7: 131–153. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.01.08</p>
<p>Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A., Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: Efficient bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 61: 539–42. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</p>
<p>Shearer, C.A. & Crane, J.L. (1980) Fungi of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries VIII. Ascomycetes with unfurling appendages. <em>Botanica Marina</em> 23: 607–615.</p>
<p>Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods). Version 4. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.</p>
<p>Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D.G. (1997) The ClustalX windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. <em>Nucleic Acids Research </em>25: 4876–4882. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T.D., Lee, S.B. & Taylor, J.W. (1990) Analysis of phylogenetic relationships by amplification and direct sequencing of ribosomal DNA genes. <em>In</em>: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) <em>PCR protocols: a guide to methods and</em> <em>applications</em>. Academic, San Diego, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>