Abstract
A new species of tropical chrysophyte algae, Mallomonas lusca sp. nov. is described from Vietnam based on silica-scale morphology observed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Scales of this species were previously found in Malaysia, but had not yet been described. Mallomonas lusca belongs to section Torquatae and is most similar to M. favosa. Its scales have a unique conspicuous rounded pit with a raised thickened central area, which develops in association with the posterior pore in the angle of the posterior submarginal rib. This rounded pit is surrounded by delicate papillae across the border on the shield. Mallomonas lusca has been observed in six localities in Vietnam and one in Malaysia.
References
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<p>Gusev, E.S. (2013) Studies on synurophycean algae from mangrove wetlands (Vietnam). <em>Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft</em> 142: 87–95.</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S. (2015a) A new species in genus <em>Mallomonas</em> Perty (Synurales, Chrysophyceae) from Vietnam. <em>International Journal on Algae</em> 17: 351–362. https://doi.org/10.1615/InterJAlgae.v17.i4.30</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S. (2015b) A new species of the genus <em>Mallomonas</em> (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), <em>Mallomonas fimbriata</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> <em>Phytotaxa</em> 195: 291–296. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.195.4.4</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S. & Nguyen, T.H.T. (2011) Silica-scaled chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae) from Vietnam (Khanh Hoa and Quang Nam provinces). <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 93: 191–199. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2011/0093-0191</p>
<p>Gusev, E. & Siver, P.A. (2017) <em>Mallomonas neoampla sp. nov.</em> from Vietnam, a new species that bridges the gap between fossil and modern taxa. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 104: 521–528. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2016/0389</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S. & Kulikovskiy, M.S. (2020) Two new species of genus <em>Mallomonas</em> from swamp localities in Vietnam. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 468: 121–129. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.468.1.8</p>
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<p>Gusev, E.S., Doan-Nhu, H. & Nguyen-Ngoc, L. (2017a) Silica-scaled chrysophytes from Cat Tien National Park (Dong Nai Province, Vietnam). <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 105: 347–364. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2017/0416</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S., Siver, P.A. & Shin, W. (2017b) <em>Mallomonas bronchartiana </em>Compère revisited: Two new species described from Asia. <em>Cryptogamie, Algologie </em>38: 3–16. https://doi.org/10.7872/crya/v38.iss1.2017.3</p>
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<p>Gusev, E., Guseva, E., Kezlya, E. & Kulikovskiy, M. (2019a) <em>Mallomonas minuscula</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a new member in the section Torquatae from Vietnam. <em>Fottea</em> 19: 132–137. https://doi.org/10.5507/fot.2019.004</p>
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<p>Gusev, E., Kulizin, P., Guseva, E., Shkurina, N. & Kulikovskiy, M. (2019c) <em>Mallomonas lamii</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a new species bearing large scales described from the tropics. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 423: 266–272. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.423.4.5</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S., Doan-Nhu, H., Nguyen-Ngoc, L., Guseva, E.E. & Luom, P.T. (2019d) Silica-scaled chrysophytes from Cam Ranh Peninsula (Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam). <em>Nova Hedwigia Beiheft</em> 148: 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova-suppl/2019/077</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S., Gusakov, V.A., Guseva, E.E., Kulikovskiy, M.S., Tsvetkov, A.I. & Cu Nguyen Định. (2020) Flora of Silica-Scaled Chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae: Synurales, Paraphysomonadales) of the Mekong Delta. <em>Inland Water Biology</em> 13: 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082920020224</p>
<p>Gusev, E., Martynenko, N. & Tran, H. (2021a). Studies on Algae from the Order Synurales (Chrysophyceae) in Northern Vietnam. <em>Diversity</em> 13 (11): 602. https://doi.org/10.3390/d13110602</p>
<p>Gusev, E., Kezlya, E., Tran, H. & Kulikovskiy, M. (2021b) <em>Mallomonas vietnamica sp. nov.</em> (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a new species, that shares some features with fossil taxa. <em>Cryptogamie Algologie</em> 42: 39–46. https://doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a3</p>
<p>Gusev, E., Shkurina, N. & Kulikovskiy, M. (2021c) <em>Mallomonas loricata</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a new tropical species from section Plantae. <em>Phytotaxa </em>500 (3): 225–233. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.500.3.6</p>
<p>Jo, B.Y., Shin, W., Boo, S.M., Kim, H.S. & Siver, P.A. (2011) Studies on ultrastructure and three-gene phylogeny of the genus <em>Mallomonas</em> (Synurophyceae). <em>Journal of Phycology</em> 47: 415–425. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00953.x</p>
<p>Jo, B.Y., Shin, W., Kim, H.S., Siver, P.A. & Andersen, R.A. (2013) Phylogeny of the genus <em>Mallomonas</em> (Synurophyceae) and descriptions of five new species on the basis of morphological evidence. <em>Phycologia</em> 52: 266–278. https://doi.org/10.2216/12-107.1</p>
<p>Kapustin, D.A. & Gusev, E.S. (2019) Silica-scaled chrysophytes from West Java (Indonesia) including description of a new <em>Chrysosphaerella</em> species. <em>Nova Hedwigia Beiheft</em> 148: 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova-suppl/2019/025</p>
<p>Kim, J.H., Kyung, L.L. & Kim, H.S. (2009) Effect of nutrients and light intensity on growth of <em>Mallomonas caudata</em> (Synurophyceae). <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 27: 516–522. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00475.x</p>
<p>Kristiansen, J. (2000) Cosmopolitan chrysophytes. <em>Systematics and Geography of Plants</em> 70: 291–300. https://doi.org/10.2307/3668648</p>
<p>Kristiansen, J. (2001) Biogeography of silica-scaled chrysophytes. <em>Nova Hedwigia Beiheft</em> 122: 23–39.</p>
<p>Kristiansen, J. (2008) Dispersal and biogeography of silica-scaled chrysophytes. <em>Biodiversity and Conservation</em> 17: 419–426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-007-9259-2</p>
<p>Kristiansen, J. & Preisig, H.R. (2007) <em>Chrysophyte and Haptophyte Algae</em>: 2 Teil/2nd Part: <em>Synurophyceae</em>. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 252 pp.</p>
<p>Neustupa, J. & Řezáčová, M<em>. </em>(2007) The genus <em>Mallomonas</em> (Mallomonadales, Synurophyceae) in several Southeast Asian urban water bodies – the biogeographical implications<em>. Nova Hedwigia </em>84: 249–259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2007/0084-0249</p>
<p>Nicholls, K.H. (1984) Four new <em>Mallomonas</em> species of the Torquatae series (Chrysophyceae). <em>Canadian Journal of Botany</em> 62: 1583–1591. https://doi.org/10.1139/b84-213</p>
<p>Perty, M. (1852) <em>Zur Kenntniss kleinster Lebensformen nach Bau, Funktionen, Systematik, mit Specialverzeichniss der in der Schweiz beobachteten</em>. Jent & Reinert, Bern, 228 pp.</p>
<p>Škaloud, P., Kristiansen, J. & Škaloudová, M. (2013) Developments in the taxonomy of silica-scaled chrysophytes <em>–</em> from morphological and ultrastructural to molecular approaches. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 31: 385–402. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00119.x</p>
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<p>Čertnerová, D., Čertner, M. & Škaloud, P. (2019) Molecular phylogeny and evolution of phenotype in silica-scaled chrysophyte genus <em>Mallomonas</em>. <em>Journal of Phycology</em> 55: 912–923. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.12882</p>
<p>Doan-Nhu, H., Thi-Tinh, T., Gusev, E., Kulikovskiy, M., Phan-Tan, L. & Nguyen-Ngoc, L. (2021) Taxonomic composition of silica-scaled chrysophytes in a tropical mountain reservoir. <em>Inland Water Biology </em>14: 490–499. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082921050060</p>
<p>Dürrschmidt, M. (1986) New species of the genus <em>Mallomonas</em> (Mallomonadacea, Chrysophyceae) from New Zealand. <em>In</em>: Kristiansen, J. & Andersen, R. (eds.) <em>Chrysophytes: Aspects and Problems</em>. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 87–106.</p>
<p>Dürrschmidt, M. & Croome, R. (1985) Mallomonadaceae (Chrysophyceae) from Malaysia and Australia. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 5: 285–298. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1985.tb01657.x</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S. (2012) A new species of the genus Mallomonas (Synurophyceae), <em>Mallomonas spinosa sp. nov.</em>, from Vietnam. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 66: 1–5. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.66.1.1</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S. (2013) Studies on synurophycean algae from mangrove wetlands (Vietnam). <em>Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft</em> 142: 87–95.</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S. (2015a) A new species in genus <em>Mallomonas</em> Perty (Synurales, Chrysophyceae) from Vietnam. <em>International Journal on Algae</em> 17: 351–362. https://doi.org/10.1615/InterJAlgae.v17.i4.30</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S. (2015b) A new species of the genus <em>Mallomonas</em> (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), <em>Mallomonas fimbriata</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> <em>Phytotaxa</em> 195: 291–296. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.195.4.4</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S. & Nguyen, T.H.T. (2011) Silica-scaled chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae) from Vietnam (Khanh Hoa and Quang Nam provinces). <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 93: 191–199. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2011/0093-0191</p>
<p>Gusev, E. & Siver, P.A. (2017) <em>Mallomonas neoampla sp. nov.</em> from Vietnam, a new species that bridges the gap between fossil and modern taxa. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 104: 521–528. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2016/0389</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S. & Kulikovskiy, M.S. (2020) Two new species of genus <em>Mallomonas</em> from swamp localities in Vietnam. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 468: 121–129. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.468.1.8</p>
<p>Gusev, E. & Kulikovskiy, M. (2021) <em>Mallomonas siderea</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a new tropical species from the section Torquatae. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 113: 291-301. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2021/0655</p>
<p>Gusev, E. & Martynenko, N. (2021) Diversity of silica-scaled chrysophytes in Central Vietnam. <em>Water</em>. [in press]</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S., Doan-Nhu, H. & Nguyen-Ngoc, L. (2015)<em> Mallomonas cattiensis</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a new species from Viet Nam. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 221: 188–192. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.221.1.9</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S., Doan-Nhu, H., Nguyen-Ngoc, L. & Kapustin, D.A. (2016) Two new species of the genus <em>Mallomonas </em>from the Cat Tien National Park (Viet Nam): <em>Mallomonas distinguenda </em>and <em>Mallomonas skvortsovii</em>. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 273: 59–64. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.273.1.6</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S., Doan-Nhu, H. & Nguyen-Ngoc, L. (2017a) Silica-scaled chrysophytes from Cat Tien National Park (Dong Nai Province, Vietnam). <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 105: 347–364. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2017/0416</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S., Siver, P.A. & Shin, W. (2017b) <em>Mallomonas bronchartiana </em>Compère revisited: Two new species described from Asia. <em>Cryptogamie, Algologie </em>38: 3–16. https://doi.org/10.7872/crya/v38.iss1.2017.3</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S., Čertnerová, D., Škaloudová, M. & Škaloud, P. (2018) Exploring Cryptic Diversity and Distribution Patterns in the <em>Mallomonas kalinae</em>/<em>rasilis</em> Species Complex with a Description of a New Taxon – <em>Mallomonas furtiva</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> <em>Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology</em> 65: 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12427</p>
<p>Gusev, E., Guseva, E., Kezlya, E. & Kulikovskiy, M. (2019a) <em>Mallomonas minuscula</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a new member in the section Torquatae from Vietnam. <em>Fottea</em> 19: 132–137. https://doi.org/10.5507/fot.2019.004</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S., Kapustin, D.A., Martynenko, N.A., Guseva, E.E. & Kulikovskiy, M.S. (2019b) <em>Mallomonas gusakovii</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> (Chrysophyceae, Synurales), a new species from Phu Quoc Island, Vietnam. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 406: 199–205. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.406.3.6</p>
<p>Gusev, E., Kulizin, P., Guseva, E., Shkurina, N. & Kulikovskiy, M. (2019c) <em>Mallomonas lamii</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a new species bearing large scales described from the tropics. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 423: 266–272. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.423.4.5</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S., Doan-Nhu, H., Nguyen-Ngoc, L., Guseva, E.E. & Luom, P.T. (2019d) Silica-scaled chrysophytes from Cam Ranh Peninsula (Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam). <em>Nova Hedwigia Beiheft</em> 148: 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova-suppl/2019/077</p>
<p>Gusev, E.S., Gusakov, V.A., Guseva, E.E., Kulikovskiy, M.S., Tsvetkov, A.I. & Cu Nguyen Định. (2020) Flora of Silica-Scaled Chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae: Synurales, Paraphysomonadales) of the Mekong Delta. <em>Inland Water Biology</em> 13: 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082920020224</p>
<p>Gusev, E., Martynenko, N. & Tran, H. (2021a). Studies on Algae from the Order Synurales (Chrysophyceae) in Northern Vietnam. <em>Diversity</em> 13 (11): 602. https://doi.org/10.3390/d13110602</p>
<p>Gusev, E., Kezlya, E., Tran, H. & Kulikovskiy, M. (2021b) <em>Mallomonas vietnamica sp. nov.</em> (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a new species, that shares some features with fossil taxa. <em>Cryptogamie Algologie</em> 42: 39–46. https://doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a3</p>
<p>Gusev, E., Shkurina, N. & Kulikovskiy, M. (2021c) <em>Mallomonas loricata</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a new tropical species from section Plantae. <em>Phytotaxa </em>500 (3): 225–233. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.500.3.6</p>
<p>Jo, B.Y., Shin, W., Boo, S.M., Kim, H.S. & Siver, P.A. (2011) Studies on ultrastructure and three-gene phylogeny of the genus <em>Mallomonas</em> (Synurophyceae). <em>Journal of Phycology</em> 47: 415–425. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00953.x</p>
<p>Jo, B.Y., Shin, W., Kim, H.S., Siver, P.A. & Andersen, R.A. (2013) Phylogeny of the genus <em>Mallomonas</em> (Synurophyceae) and descriptions of five new species on the basis of morphological evidence. <em>Phycologia</em> 52: 266–278. https://doi.org/10.2216/12-107.1</p>
<p>Kapustin, D.A. & Gusev, E.S. (2019) Silica-scaled chrysophytes from West Java (Indonesia) including description of a new <em>Chrysosphaerella</em> species. <em>Nova Hedwigia Beiheft</em> 148: 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova-suppl/2019/025</p>
<p>Kim, J.H., Kyung, L.L. & Kim, H.S. (2009) Effect of nutrients and light intensity on growth of <em>Mallomonas caudata</em> (Synurophyceae). <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 27: 516–522. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00475.x</p>
<p>Kristiansen, J. (2000) Cosmopolitan chrysophytes. <em>Systematics and Geography of Plants</em> 70: 291–300. https://doi.org/10.2307/3668648</p>
<p>Kristiansen, J. (2001) Biogeography of silica-scaled chrysophytes. <em>Nova Hedwigia Beiheft</em> 122: 23–39.</p>
<p>Kristiansen, J. (2008) Dispersal and biogeography of silica-scaled chrysophytes. <em>Biodiversity and Conservation</em> 17: 419–426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-007-9259-2</p>
<p>Kristiansen, J. & Preisig, H.R. (2007) <em>Chrysophyte and Haptophyte Algae</em>: 2 Teil/2nd Part: <em>Synurophyceae</em>. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 252 pp.</p>
<p>Neustupa, J. & Řezáčová, M<em>. </em>(2007) The genus <em>Mallomonas</em> (Mallomonadales, Synurophyceae) in several Southeast Asian urban water bodies – the biogeographical implications<em>. Nova Hedwigia </em>84: 249–259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2007/0084-0249</p>
<p>Nicholls, K.H. (1984) Four new <em>Mallomonas</em> species of the Torquatae series (Chrysophyceae). <em>Canadian Journal of Botany</em> 62: 1583–1591. https://doi.org/10.1139/b84-213</p>
<p>Perty, M. (1852) <em>Zur Kenntniss kleinster Lebensformen nach Bau, Funktionen, Systematik, mit Specialverzeichniss der in der Schweiz beobachteten</em>. Jent & Reinert, Bern, 228 pp.</p>
<p>Škaloud, P., Kristiansen, J. & Škaloudová, M. (2013) Developments in the taxonomy of silica-scaled chrysophytes <em>–</em> from morphological and ultrastructural to molecular approaches. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 31: 385–402. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00119.x</p>
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