Abstract
Recent molecular phylogenetic studies showed that the genus Sansevieria (excluding S. sambiranensis) forms a monophyletic clade nested within the paraphyletic genus Dracaena. Consequently, the genus Sansevieria was sunk into the genus Dracaena and new combinations were published to accommodate the transfer of taxa from Sansevieria into Dracaena. Since the inclusion of Sansevieria into Dracaena, new taxa have been published in Sansevieria. This paper presents fourteen name changes including twelve new combinations in Dracaena and two rank adjustments, one new synonym, and one lectotypification aiming at further standardisation of the taxonomy of Dracaena.
References
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<p>Brown, N.E. (1915)<em> Sansevieria</em>. A monograph of all known species<em>. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) </em>1915: 185–261. https://doi.org/10.2307/4107465 </p>
<p>Burkart, M. & Scharf, U. (2021) <em>Sansevieria vanillosa</em>, a name for a long-known species from Tanzania, and a short overview on the subcapitate species. Sansevieria Online 9 (1) Article 4: 1–9.</p>
<p>Butler, A. (2012) <em>Sansevieria pinguicula </em>ssp<em>. disticha </em>Pfennig ex Butler, a new subspecies from Kenya. <em>Sansevieria </em>28: 17–18.</p>
<p>Butler, A. & Jankalski, S. (2010) <em>Sansevieria bacularis </em>sp. nova and species with which it has been confused. <em>Sansevieria </em>22: 3–9.</p>
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<p>Forrest, T.G. (2018) <em>Sansevieria</em> <em>coleana</em> T.G.Forrest (Asparagaceae): a new species in Uganda. <em>Cactus World</em> 36: 261–265.</p>
<p>Forrest, T.G. (2021) <em>Sansevieria marachiensis</em> (Asparagaceae); a new species in north-west Uganda. <em>Cactus and Succulent Journal </em>93: 207–210. https://doi.org/10.2985/015.093.0305</p>
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<p>Jankalski, S. (2015) Infrageneric species groups in <em>Sansevieria</em>. <em>Sansevieria </em>33: 15–19.</p>
<p>Ker Gawler, J.B. (1809) <em>Dracaena ovata. </em>Ovate-leaved <em>Dracaena. Curtis‘s Botanical Magazine</em> 29: t. 1179. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14317#page/93/mode/1up]</p>
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<p>Koch, K. (1861) Die ächten Drachenbäume (<em>Dracaena </em>L. et Juss.). <em>Wochenschrift des Vereines zur Beförderung des Gartenbaues in den Königlich Preussischen Staaten für Gärtnerei und Pflanzenkunde</em> 4: 393–398. Available at: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24591#page/438/mode/1up</p>
<p>Kunth, K.S. (1850) <em>Enumeratio plantarum omnium hucusque cognitarum, secundum familias naturales disposita, adjectis characteribus, differentiis et synonymis</em> (Vol. 5). J.G. Cotta, Stutgardiae & Tubingae. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32182#page/18/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1767) <em>Mantissa Plantarum. Generum editionis VI et specierum editionis II, Pars I Altera</em>. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm]. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51333421]</p>
<p>Lu, P.-L. & Morden, C.W. (2014) Phylogenetic relationships among dracaenoid genera (Asparagaceae: Nolinoideae) inferred from chloroplast DNA loci. <em>Systematic Botany </em>39: 90–104. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364414X678035</p>
<p>Mabberley, D.J. (2017) <em>Mabberley‘s plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses.</em> Ed. 4. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316335581</p>
<p>Mansfeld, P.A. (2016) <em>Sansevieria</em> <em>ballyi</em> L.E.Newton (Asparagaceae) and newly found field notes. <em>Bradleya</em> 34: 225–229. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n34.2016.a10</p>
<p>Mansfeld, P.A. (2017) Die beliebte <em>Sansevieria</em> <em>ballyi</em> und die wahre Geschichte ihrer Entdeckung. <em>Sansevieria Online </em>5: 24–35.</p>
<p>Mbugua, P.K. (2007) <em>Sansevieria</em>. <em>In</em>: Beentje, H.J. & Ghazanfar, S.A. (Eds.) <em>Flora of Tropical East Africa</em>. <em>Dracaenaceae</em>. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, pp. 10–41.</p>
<p>Newton, L.E. (2000) A beautiful new species of <em>Sansevieria</em> (Dracaenaceae) in Kenya. <em>Cactus and Succulent Journal </em>72: 224–226.</p>
<p>Newton, L.E. (2004) <em>Sansevieria ballyi</em>, a name at last for a long-cultivated plant. <em>British Cactus and Succulent Journal</em> 22: 10–13. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/42793926]</p>
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<p>Newton, L.E. (2015) A new variety of <em>Sansevieria ballyi</em> in Kenya. <em>Sansevieria </em>22: 11–12.</p>
<p>Newton, L.E. (2019) A new dwarf species of <em>Sansevieria</em> in Kenya. <em>Sansevieria </em>39: 25–26.</p>
<p>Newton, L.E. (2020) <em>Sansevieria</em>. <em>In</em>: Eggli, U. & Nyffeler, R. (Eds.) <em>Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants, 2<sup>nd</sup> ed., Monocotyledons, Vol. 2</em>. Springer, Berlin, pp. 1353–1385. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56486-8_29</p>
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<p>Perrier de La Bâthie, H. (1935) Notes sur quelques Monocotyledones de Madagascar: <em>Sansevieria</em>, <em>Scholleropsis </em>(<em>gen. nov.</em>), <em>Pontederiacearum </em>et <em>Gymnosiphon</em>. <em>Notulae Systematicae </em>5: 154–162. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6463472]</p>
<p>Pfennig, H. (1981a) Pater Gerstners <em>Monadenium </em>spec. 7191 identifiziert. <em>Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten </em>32: 226–227.</p>
<p>Pfennig, H. (1981b) Zur Systematik und Kultur einiger ostafrikanischer <em>Sansevieria</em>-Arten (Agavaceae). <em>Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie </em>102: 169–179.</p>
<p>Plants of the World Online (POWO) (2021) Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available at: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ (accessed 10 May 2021).</p>
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<p>Scharf, U. & Burkart, M. (2021) <em>Sansevieria pfennigii </em>(Ruscaceae, Asparagales): Confirmation of existence, emendation of description, and tentative threat assessment. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 483: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.483.1.1</p>
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<p>Bally, P.R.O. (1964) Miscellaneous notes on the flora of Tropical East Africa, including description of new taxa, 16-22. <em>Candollea </em>19: 145–166.</p>
<p>Bos, J.J. (1984) <em>Dracaena</em> in West Africa. <em>Agricultural University Wageningen Papers</em> 84: 1–126. Available at: https://edepot.wur.nl/162504</p>
<p>Bos, J.J. (1998) Dracaenaceae. <em>In</em>: Kubitzki, K. (Ed.) <em>The families and genera of vascular plants. Vol. 3</em>:<em> Flowering plants. Monocotyledons. Lilianiae (except Orchidaceae).</em> Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 238–241. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03533-7_30</p>
<p>Brown, N.E. (1914) Notes on the genera <em>Cordyline, Dracaena, Pleomele, Sansevieria </em>and <em>Taetsia. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) </em>1914: 273–279. https://doi.org/10.2307/4118549</p>
<p>Brown, N.E. (1915)<em> Sansevieria</em>. A monograph of all known species<em>. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) </em>1915: 185–261. https://doi.org/10.2307/4107465 </p>
<p>Burkart, M. & Scharf, U. (2021) <em>Sansevieria vanillosa</em>, a name for a long-known species from Tanzania, and a short overview on the subcapitate species. Sansevieria Online 9 (1) Article 4: 1–9.</p>
<p>Butler, A. (2012) <em>Sansevieria pinguicula </em>ssp<em>. disticha </em>Pfennig ex Butler, a new subspecies from Kenya. <em>Sansevieria </em>28: 17–18.</p>
<p>Butler, A. & Jankalski, S. (2010) <em>Sansevieria bacularis </em>sp. nova and species with which it has been confused. <em>Sansevieria </em>22: 3–9.</p>
<p>Byng, J.W. & Christenhusz, J.M.M. (2018) Asparagaceae. <em>In</em>: Christenhusz, J.M.M., Fay, F.M. & Byng, J.W. (Eds.) <em>The Global Flora. A practical flora to vascular plant species of the world. Special Edition. GLOVAP Nomenclature 1, vol. 4</em>. Plant Gateway Ltd., Bradford, pp. 64–67.</p>
<p>Carrière, É.A. (1861) La sansevière a feuilles cylindriques. <em>Revue horticole. Journal d’horticulture pratique </em>1861: 447–451. Available at: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49666754</p>
<p>Cole, T.C. & Forrest, T. (2019) <em>Sansevieria conduplicata </em>T.C.Cole & T.G.Forrest (Dracaenaceae), a new species of <em>Sansevieria</em> in the north of Uganda. <em>Cactus and Succulent Journal</em> 91: 147–151. https://doi.org/10.2985/015.091.0208</p>
<p>De Juana Clavero, J.I. (2020) Notas taxonómicas sobre el género <em>Dracaena</em> Vand. ex L. y su presencia en España. <em>Bouteloua </em>30: 49–53.</p>
<p>Forrest, T.G. (2018) <em>Sansevieria</em> <em>coleana</em> T.G.Forrest (Asparagaceae): a new species in Uganda. <em>Cactus World</em> 36: 261–265.</p>
<p>Forrest, T.G. (2021) <em>Sansevieria marachiensis</em> (Asparagaceae); a new species in north-west Uganda. <em>Cactus and Succulent Journal </em>93: 207–210. https://doi.org/10.2985/015.093.0305</p>
<p>Govaerts, R.; Zonneveld, B.J.M.; Zona, S.A. (2021) World Checklist of Asparagaceae. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available on line at: http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/ (accessed 4 August 2021)</p>
<p>Heitz, B. & Zeller, J. (1990) Comment s‘appelle cette sansevière? <em>Succulentes</em> 13: 12–24.</p>
<p>Jankalski, S. (2015) Infrageneric species groups in <em>Sansevieria</em>. <em>Sansevieria </em>33: 15–19.</p>
<p>Ker Gawler, J.B. (1809) <em>Dracaena ovata. </em>Ovate-leaved <em>Dracaena. Curtis‘s Botanical Magazine</em> 29: t. 1179. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14317#page/93/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Kew Herbarium Catalogue (2021) <em>Sansevieria ballyi </em>L.E.Newton. Specimen: K00099514. Available at: http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000099514 (accessed 10 May 2021)</p>
<p>Koch, K. (1861) Die ächten Drachenbäume (<em>Dracaena </em>L. et Juss.). <em>Wochenschrift des Vereines zur Beförderung des Gartenbaues in den Königlich Preussischen Staaten für Gärtnerei und Pflanzenkunde</em> 4: 393–398. Available at: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24591#page/438/mode/1up</p>
<p>Kunth, K.S. (1850) <em>Enumeratio plantarum omnium hucusque cognitarum, secundum familias naturales disposita, adjectis characteribus, differentiis et synonymis</em> (Vol. 5). J.G. Cotta, Stutgardiae & Tubingae. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32182#page/18/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1767) <em>Mantissa Plantarum. Generum editionis VI et specierum editionis II, Pars I Altera</em>. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm]. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51333421]</p>
<p>Lu, P.-L. & Morden, C.W. (2014) Phylogenetic relationships among dracaenoid genera (Asparagaceae: Nolinoideae) inferred from chloroplast DNA loci. <em>Systematic Botany </em>39: 90–104. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364414X678035</p>
<p>Mabberley, D.J. (2017) <em>Mabberley‘s plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses.</em> Ed. 4. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316335581</p>
<p>Mansfeld, P.A. (2016) <em>Sansevieria</em> <em>ballyi</em> L.E.Newton (Asparagaceae) and newly found field notes. <em>Bradleya</em> 34: 225–229. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n34.2016.a10</p>
<p>Mansfeld, P.A. (2017) Die beliebte <em>Sansevieria</em> <em>ballyi</em> und die wahre Geschichte ihrer Entdeckung. <em>Sansevieria Online </em>5: 24–35.</p>
<p>Mbugua, P.K. (2007) <em>Sansevieria</em>. <em>In</em>: Beentje, H.J. & Ghazanfar, S.A. (Eds.) <em>Flora of Tropical East Africa</em>. <em>Dracaenaceae</em>. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, pp. 10–41.</p>
<p>Newton, L.E. (2000) A beautiful new species of <em>Sansevieria</em> (Dracaenaceae) in Kenya. <em>Cactus and Succulent Journal </em>72: 224–226.</p>
<p>Newton, L.E. (2004) <em>Sansevieria ballyi</em>, a name at last for a long-cultivated plant. <em>British Cactus and Succulent Journal</em> 22: 10–13. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/42793926]</p>
<p>Newton, L.E. (2010a) Two new caulescent species of <em>Sansevieria</em> (Asparagaceae) in Kenya. <em>Bradleya </em>28: 19–26. https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n28.2010.a4</p>
<p>Newton, L.E. (2010b) Notes on <em>Sansevieria ballyi</em>, with description of a new cultivar. <em>Sansevieria </em>22: 10–12.</p>
<p>Newton, L.E. (2015) A new variety of <em>Sansevieria ballyi</em> in Kenya. <em>Sansevieria </em>22: 11–12.</p>
<p>Newton, L.E. (2019) A new dwarf species of <em>Sansevieria</em> in Kenya. <em>Sansevieria </em>39: 25–26.</p>
<p>Newton, L.E. (2020) <em>Sansevieria</em>. <em>In</em>: Eggli, U. & Nyffeler, R. (Eds.) <em>Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants, 2<sup>nd</sup> ed., Monocotyledons, Vol. 2</em>. Springer, Berlin, pp. 1353–1385. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56486-8_29</p>
<p>Newton, L.E. & Thiede, J. (2015) Rank adjustments for the infraspecific taxa of <em>Sansevieria pinguicula</em> P.R.O.Bally (Asparagaceae/Dracaenaceae). <em>Cactus and Succulent Journal (Los Angeles)</em> 87: 28–32. https://doi.org/10.2985/015.087.0105</p>
<p>Perrier de La Bâthie, H. (1935) Notes sur quelques Monocotyledones de Madagascar: <em>Sansevieria</em>, <em>Scholleropsis </em>(<em>gen. nov.</em>), <em>Pontederiacearum </em>et <em>Gymnosiphon</em>. <em>Notulae Systematicae </em>5: 154–162. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6463472]</p>
<p>Pfennig, H. (1981a) Pater Gerstners <em>Monadenium </em>spec. 7191 identifiziert. <em>Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten </em>32: 226–227.</p>
<p>Pfennig, H. (1981b) Zur Systematik und Kultur einiger ostafrikanischer <em>Sansevieria</em>-Arten (Agavaceae). <em>Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie </em>102: 169–179.</p>
<p>Plants of the World Online (POWO) (2021) Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available at: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ (accessed 10 May 2021).</p>
<p>Regel, E. (1877) Die Arten der Gattung <em>Dracaena</em>. <em>Gartenflora</em> 20: 132–149. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125737#page/192/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Scharf, U. & Burkart, M. (2021) <em>Sansevieria pfennigii </em>(Ruscaceae, Asparagales): Confirmation of existence, emendation of description, and tentative threat assessment. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 483: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.483.1.1</p>
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