Abstract
A new blue to light violet-flowered species from SW Iran is described as Alkanna semiromica. The new species is morphologically close to A. frigida and Huynhia pulchra. Floral characters suggested the affinity of the new species to Huynhia, especially the stamens inserted at different heights in the corolla tube and also the plant trichomes while the pollen characters supported its place within the genus Alkanna. A comparison with the new species and the most similar genera is presented here based on new and old morphological data, to understand the differences among the species. In addition, the diagnostic characters, description, detailed illustrations, and taxonomic comments are presented.
References
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<p>Bigazzi, M. & Selvi, F. (1998) Pollen morphology in the Boragineae (Boraginaceae) in relation to the taxonomy of the tribe. <em>Plant Systematics and Evolution</em> 213 (1): 121–151.</p>
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<p>Ekim, T. (2009) <em>The rare endemics of Turkey</em>. Türkiye is Bankasi, Istanbul, xxviii, 537 pp.</p>
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<p>Forsskål, P. (1775) <em>Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica.</em> Ex officina Mölleri, Hauniae, 32, cxxvi, 220 pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.41</p>
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<p>Huynh, K.L. (1971) Le pollen du genre <em>Arnebia </em>Forssk. et du genre <em>Macrotomia </em>DC. (Boraginaceae), et la position taxonomique particulière du <em>M. echioides </em>(L.) Boiss. <em>Candollea </em>26: 165–171.</p>
<p>IUCN (2001) <em>The IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, </em>version 3.1. IUCN Species survival commission. Gland. UK: Switzerland and Cambridge.</p>
<p>Johnston, I.M. (1953) Studies in the Boraginaceae. XXXIV. 1. A. Three genera segregated from <em>Lithospermum</em>. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 34: 42–78.</p>
<p>Johnston, I.M. (1954) Studies in the Boraginaceae XXVI. Further revaluations of the genera of the Lithospermeae. <em>Journal of the Arnold Arboretum </em>35: 1–81.</p>
<p>Khatamsaz, M. (2001) Pollen morphology of Iranian Boraginaceae family and its taxonomic significance. <em>Iranian Journal of Botany</em> 9 (1): 27–40.</p>
<p>Khatamsaz, M. (2002) Boraginaceae. <em>In</em>: Assadi, M., Khatamsaz, M. & Maassoumi, A.A. (Eds.) <em>Flora of Iran</em>, vol. 39. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran, 420 pp.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>. L. Salvius, Stockholm, 1200 pp.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1762) <em>Species plantarum, ed. 2, vol. 1. </em>Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 784 pp.</p>
<p>Liu, J., Zhang, Y., Ning, J., Zhao, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, J. & Sun, X. (2001) Pollen morphology of the tribe Cynoglosseae of Boraginoideae (Boraginaceae) in China. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</em> 39: 515–522.</p>
<p>Mathez, J. (1974) <em>Contribution de la palynomorphologie a laconnaissance des Cynoglossees du Bassin Mediterraneen occidental.</em> Colloques Internationaux du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, pp. 279–287.</p>
<p>Mill, R.R. (1979) <em>Rindera</em>. <em>In</em>: Davis, P.H. (Ed.) <em>Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 6</em>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 300–303.</p>
<p>Noroozi, M., Ghahremaninejad, F., Boglerb, D., Witherspoonc, J.M., Gillian, L.R., Miller, S.J., Riahi, M. & Cohene, J.I. (2021) Parsing a plethora of pollen: the role of pollen size and shape in the evolution of Boraginaceae. <em>Cladistics.</em> [23 pp.]</p>
<p>Parsa, A. (1948) New species and varieties of the Persian Flora: II. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 3 (2): 191–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4119762</p>
<p>Riedl, H. (1967) Boraginaceae. <em>In</em>: Rechinger, K.H. (Ed.) <em>Flora Iranica </em>48. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 1–281.</p>
<p>Römer, J.J. & Schultes, J.A. (1819) <em>Systema vegetabilium, ed. 15,</em> vol. 4. Sumtibus J. G. Cottiae, Stuttgardtiae, vi, lxii, 888 pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.825</p>
<p>Tausch, I.F. (1824) <em>Alkanna</em> Tausch. <em>Flora oder Allgemeine Botanische Zeitung</em> 7 (1): 234–235.</p>
<p>Bigazzi, M. & Selvi, F. (1998) Pollen morphology in the Boragineae (Boraginaceae) in relation to the taxonomy of the tribe. <em>Plant Systematics and Evolution</em> 213 (1): 121–151.</p>
<p>Bigazzi, M., Nardi, E. & Selvi, F. (1997) <em>Anchusella</em>, a new genus of Boraginaceae from the Central-Eastern Mediterranean. <em>Plant Systematics and Evolution</em> 205: 241–264.</p>
<p>Binzet, R. & Akçin, Ö.E. (2009) Nutlet size, shape and surface ornamentation in 14 <em>Onosma </em>species (Boraginaceae). <em>Acta Bot. Croatica</em> 68 (1): 117–126.</p>
<p>Boissier, E. (1844) <em>Diagnoses plantarum orientalium novarum</em> 1 (4). Apud B. Herman., Lipsiae [Leipzig], 86 pp.</p>
<p>Boissier, E. (1846) Diagnoses plantarum orientalium novarum, 1 (7). Apud B. Herrmann, Lipsia [Leipzig], 130 pp.</p>
<p>Bornmüller, J. (1907) Beiträge zur Flora der Elbursgebirge Nord-Persiens (suite). <em>Bulletin de l‘Herbier Boissier, Sér. 2 </em>9: 773–778.</p>
<p>Cecchi, L. & Selvi, F. (2009) Phylogenetic relationship of the monotypic genera <em>Halacsya </em>and <em>Paramoltkia </em>and the origins of serpentine adaptation in circum-mediterranean Lithospermeae (Boraginaceae): insights from ITS and matK DNA sequences. <em>Taxon</em>: 58: 700–714.</p>
<p>Chacón, J., Luebert, F., Hilger, H.H., Ovchinnikova, S., Selvi, F., Cecchi, L., Guilliams, C.M., Hasenstab-Lehman, K., Sutorý, K., Simpson, M.G. & Weigend, M. (2016) The borage family (Boraginaceae <em>s.str.</em>): A revised infrafamilial classification based on new phylogenetic evidence, with emphasis on the placement of some enigmatic genera. <em>Taxon</em> 65: 523–546.</p>
<p>Chacón, J., Luebert, F., Selvi, F., Cecchi, L., Weigend, M. (2019) Phylogeny and historical biogeography of Lithospermeae (Boraginaceae): Disentangling the possible causes of Miocene diversifications. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 141: 106626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106626</p>
<p>Coppi, A., Cecchi, L., Nocentini, D. & Selvi, F. (2015) <em>Arnebia purpurea</em>: a new member of formerly monotypic genus <em>Huynhia</em> (Boraginaceae-Lithospermeae). <em>Phytotaxa </em>204 (2): 123–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.204.2.3</p>
<p>Dýez, M.J. & Valdes, B. (1991) Pollen morphology of the tribes Eritrichieae and Cynoglosseae (Boraginaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula and its taxonomic significance. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 107: 49–66.</p>
<p>Edmonson, J.R. (1977) The correct name for the prophet flower: <em>Arnebia pulchra</em> (Boraginaceae). <em>Willdenowia</em> 8 (1): 23–36.</p>
<p>Ekim, T. (2009) <em>The rare endemics of Turkey</em>. Türkiye is Bankasi, Istanbul, xxviii, 537 pp.</p>
<p>Erik, S. & Sümbül, H. (1986) Three new taxa from Turkey. <em>Notes Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh </em>44: 141–156.</p>
<p>Forsskål, P. (1775) <em>Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica.</em> Ex officina Mölleri, Hauniae, 32, cxxvi, 220 pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.41</p>
<p>Fukuda, T. & Ikeda, H. (2012) Palynological analysis and taxonomic position of the genus <em>Mertensia</em> (Boraginaceae). <em>Botany</em> 90: 722–730.</p>
<p>Greuter, W. (1981) MedChecklist Notulae. <em>Willdenowia</em> 11 (1): 37.</p>
<p>Huynh, K.L. (1971) Le pollen du genre <em>Arnebia </em>Forssk. et du genre <em>Macrotomia </em>DC. (Boraginaceae), et la position taxonomique particulière du <em>M. echioides </em>(L.) Boiss. <em>Candollea </em>26: 165–171.</p>
<p>IUCN (2001) <em>The IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, </em>version 3.1. IUCN Species survival commission. Gland. UK: Switzerland and Cambridge.</p>
<p>Johnston, I.M. (1953) Studies in the Boraginaceae. XXXIV. 1. A. Three genera segregated from <em>Lithospermum</em>. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 34: 42–78.</p>
<p>Johnston, I.M. (1954) Studies in the Boraginaceae XXVI. Further revaluations of the genera of the Lithospermeae. <em>Journal of the Arnold Arboretum </em>35: 1–81.</p>
<p>Khatamsaz, M. (2001) Pollen morphology of Iranian Boraginaceae family and its taxonomic significance. <em>Iranian Journal of Botany</em> 9 (1): 27–40.</p>
<p>Khatamsaz, M. (2002) Boraginaceae. <em>In</em>: Assadi, M., Khatamsaz, M. & Maassoumi, A.A. (Eds.) <em>Flora of Iran</em>, vol. 39. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran, 420 pp.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>. L. Salvius, Stockholm, 1200 pp.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1762) <em>Species plantarum, ed. 2, vol. 1. </em>Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 784 pp.</p>
<p>Liu, J., Zhang, Y., Ning, J., Zhao, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, J. & Sun, X. (2001) Pollen morphology of the tribe Cynoglosseae of Boraginoideae (Boraginaceae) in China. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</em> 39: 515–522.</p>
<p>Mathez, J. (1974) <em>Contribution de la palynomorphologie a laconnaissance des Cynoglossees du Bassin Mediterraneen occidental.</em> Colloques Internationaux du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, pp. 279–287.</p>
<p>Mill, R.R. (1979) <em>Rindera</em>. <em>In</em>: Davis, P.H. (Ed.) <em>Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 6</em>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 300–303.</p>
<p>Noroozi, M., Ghahremaninejad, F., Boglerb, D., Witherspoonc, J.M., Gillian, L.R., Miller, S.J., Riahi, M. & Cohene, J.I. (2021) Parsing a plethora of pollen: the role of pollen size and shape in the evolution of Boraginaceae. <em>Cladistics.</em> [23 pp.]</p>
<p>Parsa, A. (1948) New species and varieties of the Persian Flora: II. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 3 (2): 191–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4119762</p>
<p>Riedl, H. (1967) Boraginaceae. <em>In</em>: Rechinger, K.H. (Ed.) <em>Flora Iranica </em>48. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 1–281.</p>
<p>Römer, J.J. & Schultes, J.A. (1819) <em>Systema vegetabilium, ed. 15,</em> vol. 4. Sumtibus J. G. Cottiae, Stuttgardtiae, vi, lxii, 888 pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.825</p>
<p>Tausch, I.F. (1824) <em>Alkanna</em> Tausch. <em>Flora oder Allgemeine Botanische Zeitung</em> 7 (1): 234–235.</p>