Abstract
We describe and illustrate Magnolia mixteca, a new species of Magnolia sect. Macrophylla from the Alto Balsas Basin in Oaxaca, Mexico, providing information about its ecology, biogeography and conservation status. Magnolia mixteca differs from M. nuevoleonensis in having larger flowers, longer petals, a yellow petal-blotch, a tan-sand coloured ovary and more numerous stamens and carpels. In addition, we provide a distribution map and key to species of sect. Macrophylla. The relict distribution of this species allows us to consider it endangered (E).
References
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Domínguez-Yescas, R., Vázquez-García, J.A., Muñiz-Castro, M.Á., Hernández-Vera, G., Salcedo-Pérez, E., Rodríguez-Pérez, C. & Gallardo-Yobal, S.I. (2020) Small-scale environmental drivers of plant community structure and diversity in Neotropical montane cloud forests harboring threatened Magnolia dealbata in Southern Mexico. Diversity 12: 444. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12120444
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Doyle, A.M. (1989) Magnolia macrophylla: population structure, reproductive strategies and the disturbance regime of Mill Creek Forest. Thesis, Tulane University, Louisiana, 69 pp.
Figlar, R.B. & Nooteboom, H.P. (2004) Notes on Magnoliaceae IV. Blumea 49: 87–100. https://doi.org/10.3767/000651904X486214
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INEGI (2005) Prontuario de información geográfica municipal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. San Juan Juquila Vijanos. INEGI, Oaxaca, 8 pp.
IUCN (2019) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria, version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. Available from https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines.pdf (accessed 27 April 2021)
Kim, S. & Suh, Y. (2013) Phylogeny of Magnoliaceae based on ten chloroplast DNA regions. Journal of Plant Biology 56: 290–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12374-013-0111-9
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum. Salvius, Stockholm, 1200 pp.
Michaux, F.A. (1803) Flora Boreali-Americana. Levrault, Paris and Strasbourg, 330 pp.
Morrone, J.J., Escalante, T. & Rodriguez-Tapia, G. (2017) Mexican biogeographic provinces: map and shapefiles. Zootaxa 4277: 277–279. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4277.2.8
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Vázquez-García, J.A. (1990) Taxonomy of the genus Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) in Mexico and Central America. M.S. Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 224 pp.
Vázquez-García, J.A. (1994) Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) in Mexico and Central America: a synopsis. Brittonia 46: 1–23. https://doi.org/10.2307/2807454
Vázquez-García, J.A., Domínguez-Yescas, R., Pedraza-Ruiz, R., Sánchez-González, A. & Muñiz-Castro, M.Á. (2015) Magnolia rzedowskiana (Magnoliaceae), una especie nueva de la sección Macrophylla de la parte central de la Sierra Madre Oriental, México. Acta Botanica Mexicana 112: 19–36. https://doi.org/10.21829/abm112.2015.1086
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Vázquez-García, J.A., Muñiz-Castro, M.Á., Arroyo, F., Pérez, Á.J., Serna, M. & De Castro Arce, E. (2013) Novelties of conservation concern in Neotropical Magnolia and a proposed addendum to the IUCN Red List of Magnoliaceae. In: Salcedo-Pérez, E. Hernández-Álvarez, E., Vázquez-García, J.A., Escoto-García, T. & Díaz-Echavarría, N. (eds.) Recursos forestales en el occidente de México, Universidad de Guadalajara CUCEI-CUCBA, Zapopan, Mexico, pp. 461–496.
Vázquez-García, J.A, Muñiz-Castro, M.Á., Dahua-Machoa, A., Osorio-Muñoz, E.A., Hernández-Vera, G., Ortega-Peña, A.S., Romo-Campos, R.L., Jacobo-Pereira, C., Álvarez de R., N. & Shalisko, V. (2021) How to save endangered magnolias? From population biology to conservation action: the case of allopatric radiation in western Mexico. In: Kumar, S. (ed.) Endangered Plants. London, IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94346
Wang, Y.B., Liu, B.B., Nie, Z.L., Chen, H.F., Chen, F.J., Figlar, R.B. & Wen, J. (2020) Major clades and a revised classification of Magnolia and Magnoliaceae based on whole plastid genome sequences via genome skimming. Journal Systematics and Evolution 58: 673?695. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12588
Weatherby, C.A. (1926) A new Magnolia from west Florida. Rhodora 28: 35?36.
Weaver, P.L. (1987) Ecological observations on Magnolia splendens Urban in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico. Caribbean Journal of Science 23: 340–351.
Zuccarini, J.G. (1836) Plantarum novarum vel minus cognitarum, quae in horto botanico herbarioque regio monacensis servantur. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch Physikalischen Classe der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 2: 315?380.
Candolle, A.P. (1817) Regni vegetabilis systema naturale 1. Treuttel & Wu?rtz, Paris, 745 pp.
de Queiroz, K. (1998) The general lineage concept of species, species criteria, and the process of speciation: a conceptual unification and terminological recommendations. In: de Queiroz, K., Howard, D.J. & Berlocher, S.H. (eds.) Endless forms: species and speciation. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 57–75.
de Queiroz, K. (2007) Species concepts and species delimitation. Systematic Biology 56: 879–886. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150701701083
Domínguez-Yescas, R., Vázquez-García, J.A., Muñiz-Castro, M.Á., Hernández-Vera, G., Salcedo-Pérez, E., Rodríguez-Pérez, C. & Gallardo-Yobal, S.I. (2020) Small-scale environmental drivers of plant community structure and diversity in Neotropical montane cloud forests harboring threatened Magnolia dealbata in Southern Mexico. Diversity 12: 444. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12120444
Don, G. (1931) A general history of the dichlamydeous plants 1: 83–86. Gilbert & Rivington, London, 818 pp.
Doyle, A.M. (1989) Magnolia macrophylla: population structure, reproductive strategies and the disturbance regime of Mill Creek Forest. Thesis, Tulane University, Louisiana, 69 pp.
Figlar, R.B. & Nooteboom, H.P. (2004) Notes on Magnoliaceae IV. Blumea 49: 87–100. https://doi.org/10.3767/000651904X486214
García-Morales, L.J., Iamonico, D. & García-Jiménez, J. (2017) Nomenclatural remarks on Magnolia sect. Macrophylla (Magnoliaceae), with description of a new species from North America (Tamaulipas, Mexico). Phytotaxa 309: 238–244. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.309.3.4
Ibarra-Martínez, M.V. (2020) Relaciones filogenéticas y filogeografía de Magnolia sección Macrophylla en México. M.Sc. Thesis, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico, 70 pp.
INEGI (2005) Prontuario de información geográfica municipal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. San Juan Juquila Vijanos. INEGI, Oaxaca, 8 pp.
IUCN (2019) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria, version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. Available from https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines.pdf (accessed 27 April 2021)
Kim, S. & Suh, Y. (2013) Phylogeny of Magnoliaceae based on ten chloroplast DNA regions. Journal of Plant Biology 56: 290–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12374-013-0111-9
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum. Salvius, Stockholm, 1200 pp.
Michaux, F.A. (1803) Flora Boreali-Americana. Levrault, Paris and Strasbourg, 330 pp.
Morrone, J.J., Escalante, T. & Rodriguez-Tapia, G. (2017) Mexican biogeographic provinces: map and shapefiles. Zootaxa 4277: 277–279. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4277.2.8
Rivers, M., Beech, E., Murphy, L. & Oldfield, S. (2016) The red list of Magnoliaceae revised and extended. Botanic Gardens Conservation International, UK, 63 pp.
Sánchez-González, A., Gutiérrez-Lozano, M., Domínguez-Yescas, R., Hernández-Álvarez, A.G., Ortega-Peña, A.S. & Vázquez-García, J.A. (2021) Magnolia zotictla (Magnolia sect. Macrophylla, Magnoliaceae): a new species from the southern Sierra Madre Oriental, México. Phytotaxa 513: 271–281.
Sánchez-Velásquez, L.R., Pineda-López, M.R., Vásquez-Morales, S.G. & Avendaño-Yáñez, M.L. (2016) Ecology and conservation of endangered species: the case of magnolias. Endangered species. In: Quinn, M. (ed.) Endangered species: threats, conservation and future research. Nova Science, New York, pp. 63–84.
Thiers, B. (2020) Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 27 April 2020)
Vázquez-García, J.A. (1990) Taxonomy of the genus Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) in Mexico and Central America. M.S. Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 224 pp.
Vázquez-García, J.A. (1994) Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) in Mexico and Central America: a synopsis. Brittonia 46: 1–23. https://doi.org/10.2307/2807454
Vázquez-García, J.A., Domínguez-Yescas, R., Pedraza-Ruiz, R., Sánchez-González, A. & Muñiz-Castro, M.Á. (2015) Magnolia rzedowskiana (Magnoliaceae), una especie nueva de la sección Macrophylla de la parte central de la Sierra Madre Oriental, México. Acta Botanica Mexicana 112: 19–36. https://doi.org/10.21829/abm112.2015.1086
Vázquez-García, J.A., Domínguez-Yescas, R., Velazco-Macías, C., Shalisko, V. & Merino-Santi, R.E. (2016) Magnolia nuevoleonensis sp. nov. (Magnoliaceae) from northeastern Mexico and a key to species of section Macrophylla. Nordic Journal of Botany 34: 48–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00800
Vázquez-García, J.A., Muñiz-Castro, M.Á., Arroyo, F., Pérez, Á.J., Serna, M. & De Castro Arce, E. (2013) Novelties of conservation concern in Neotropical Magnolia and a proposed addendum to the IUCN Red List of Magnoliaceae. In: Salcedo-Pérez, E. Hernández-Álvarez, E., Vázquez-García, J.A., Escoto-García, T. & Díaz-Echavarría, N. (eds.) Recursos forestales en el occidente de México, Universidad de Guadalajara CUCEI-CUCBA, Zapopan, Mexico, pp. 461–496.
Vázquez-García, J.A, Muñiz-Castro, M.Á., Dahua-Machoa, A., Osorio-Muñoz, E.A., Hernández-Vera, G., Ortega-Peña, A.S., Romo-Campos, R.L., Jacobo-Pereira, C., Álvarez de R., N. & Shalisko, V. (2021) How to save endangered magnolias? From population biology to conservation action: the case of allopatric radiation in western Mexico. In: Kumar, S. (ed.) Endangered Plants. London, IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94346
Wang, Y.B., Liu, B.B., Nie, Z.L., Chen, H.F., Chen, F.J., Figlar, R.B. & Wen, J. (2020) Major clades and a revised classification of Magnolia and Magnoliaceae based on whole plastid genome sequences via genome skimming. Journal Systematics and Evolution 58: 673?695. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12588
Weatherby, C.A. (1926) A new Magnolia from west Florida. Rhodora 28: 35?36.
Weaver, P.L. (1987) Ecological observations on Magnolia splendens Urban in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico. Caribbean Journal of Science 23: 340–351.
Zuccarini, J.G. (1836) Plantarum novarum vel minus cognitarum, quae in horto botanico herbarioque regio monacensis servantur. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch Physikalischen Classe der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 2: 315?380.